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This article will assess the extent of future trade relations between Israël and Saudi Arabia after normalization, and attempt to identify key sectors likely to benefit from the diplomatic shift. Using a robust methodology, we aim to project potential trade volumes between the two countries and discuss the challenges inherent to the new economie landscape. The core of this analysis uses 2020 trade figures, a pivotal year marked by the signing of the 'Abraham Accords\", to project future trends and esti-mate potential trade figures between KSA and Israël in the coming years. The strength of our research lies not in its precise trade volume calculations but in the highlighted sectors poised for growth and an understanding of factors that influence economie cooperation. Initially focused on Saudi Arabia-the more sought-after party in this context-the article details both the current measures taken to align KSA politically and diplomatically with Israël and previous steps taken to reach a peace agreement. We then discuss relevant regional and geopo-litical developments. Moving on to our economie analysis, we highlight factors that could shape or alter the scope of transactions between the two countries. Finally, we introducé our method for evaluating the economie potential between Saudi Arabia and Israël, by comparing it with World Trade Organization data from various countries already trading with Saudi Arabia in similar fields.

This article will assess the extent of future trade relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia after normalization, and attempt to identify key sectors likely to benefit from the diplomatic shift. Using a robust methodology, we aim to project potential trade volumes between the two countries and discuss the challenges inherent to the new economic landscape. The core of this analysis uses 2020 trade figures, a pivotal year marked by the signing of the \"Abraham Accords\", to project future trends and estimate potential trade figures between KSA and Israel in the coming years. The strength of our research lies not in its precise trade volume calculations but in the highlighted sectors poised for growth and an understanding of factors that influence economic cooperation. Initially focused on Saudi Arabia—the more sought-after party in this context—the article details both the current measures taken to align KSA politically and diplomatically with Israel and previous steps taken to reach a peace agreement. We then discuss relevant regional and geopolitical developments. Moving on to our economic analysis, we highlight factors that could shape or alter the scope of transactions between the two countries. Finally, we introduce our method for evaluating the economic potential between Saudi Arabia and Israel, by comparing it with World Trade Organization data from various countries already trading with Saudi Arabia in similar fields.

This article explores the evolving dynamics of power and technology in the Middle East, with a particular focus on China’s increasing influence in the region. Amidst the shifting balance of global power, China has transitioned from a peripheral player to a significant stakeholder in the Middle East, deploying its technological prowess and, more recently, diplomatic weight. As the United States and the West grapple with the implications of this shift, regional middle powers are not merely spectators in this superpower rivalry; they are resorting to ‘strategic hedging,’ forming their own partnerships focused on economic and knowledge transfer, replacing traditional political and security alignments to address regional and global challenges. The article discusses future regional trends, emphasizing the potential for Asia-Middle East minilateral cooperative frameworks. It concludes by suggesting that the United States should adopt a healthy balance between values and interests and move away from a zero-sum mentality by embracing a more cooperative approach to China’s regional presence. Specifically, the United States should accept global connectivity and sustainability momentum by encouraging more strategic partnerships between Asian and Middle Eastern countries.

The article analyzes a relatively unknown, yet influential, contemporary fundamentalist theology of revenge as put forward in the religious writings of Meir Kahane (1932–1990), the notorious militant nationalist. We seek to provide a theological context for this militancy, so as to display the motivational logic behind this troubling trend in Jewish thought and practice. While the doctrine itself has emerged only quite recently, it draws on theological ideas that reach back to the medieval period. In the article we outline the early sources and discussions (Biblical, Rabbinic, medieval, etc.) that constitute the background of Kahane's radical theology of revenge.