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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of contextual variables – organisational justice (procedural justice, interactional justice and psychological contract) and trust – on work engagement. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports a quantitative study of 323 managers working in manufacturing and pharmaceutical organisations based in western India. Drawing from social exchange theory, this paper tests the mediating role of trust in the justice-engagement relationship. The paper also investigates the effect of work engagement on employees' innovative work behaviour. Findings – Results suggest that procedural justice, interactional justice and psychological contract fulfilment are positively related to work engagement with trust as the mediating element. Engagement significantly influences employees' innovative work behaviour Research limitations/implications – The data were collected cross-sectionally, which means that causal inferences must be made with caution. Moreover, the data were collected from a single source. Nevertheless, the findings have implications for contemporary leadership and organisational psychology research and practice in a novel geographic context. Originality/value – This study is one of the rare attempts to examine the influence of three justice variables and trust on work engagement. The study also contributes in terms of its context. With an increasing number of multinationals starting operations in India, an understanding of employee motivation has become an important concern. This research examines engagement levels of Indian managerial employees.

The two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) acts as a promising pseudocapacitive material for supercapacitor electrodes. In this paper, the properties of vanadium-doped titanium carbide MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) are tuned using a simple hydrothermal method to intercalate the alkali metal adsorbates (K + ) into the electrode material. The synthesis of the supercapacitor device is carried on glass substrate as well as on a flexible graphite sheet. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy are conducted to observe the change in structural properties of vanadium-doped MXene. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge are carried out on Metrohm autolab workstation. The ratio of ammonium vanadate and MXene has been varied from 0.025:0.1 to 0.1:0.1 with a step size of 0.025 to obtain the capacitance results. The results depict that the ratio of 0.025:1 shows the highest capacitance of 258.07 mF/cm 2 and 1107 mF/cm 2 in 6 M KOH (20 mV/s) on glass and graphite substrate, respectively. This is mainly because the ratio of 0.025:1 provides the maximum exfoliation which allows electrolyte ions to penetrate in the active material and thus, facilitates fast electron transport resulting in high-performance supercapacitors. Further, this paper also discusses the successful fabrication of the supercapacitor devices on a flexible graphite sheet for the first time. The results show that the capacitance value on flexible substrate is at par with that of the glass substrate. To further understand the increased capacitive properties of vanadium-doped MXene, the processes involving charge transfer and mass transport are investigated by performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The radius on the EIS plot of vanadium-doped MXene is smaller than that of the undoped DMSO MXene, which indicates that the vanadium doping made the charge transfer easier. Moreover, the capacitance retention of 92.7% and 82.2% is achieved on graphite as well as glass substrate after 3000 cycles.

MXene belongs to the family of 2D carbides and nitrides. The controlling of process parameters is key to obtain high-quality MXene films. The layered structure of MXene is obtained successfully by tuning the process parameters which is confirmed through the presence of XRD peak (110) at 2 theta value of 60 degrees. Moreover, the accordion-like structure of MXene is confirmed through SEM which is also highly dependent on the process parameters. It is also observed that if the etchant with sufficient concentration is used for an optimised time the (002) peak gets shifted to a lower angle and confirms the increase in spacing of MXene layers to 12.92 Å. Further reduction in the etching time leads to a decrease in the d-spacing of MXene layers due to the presence of aluminium and the presence of defects corresponding to the unsuccessful removal of AlF 3 by-products which is confirmed by (106), (108) and (109) XRD peaks. However, the occurrence of (106), (108) and (109) peaks which correspond to the growth of AlF 3 is highly dependent on any variation in process parameters. The increase in the quantity also impacts the properties of MXene formed. It can be seen that increasing the quantity of hydrofluoric acid will lead to thicken the MXene layers. If etching is done for the greater quantity of HF, the toxicity is increased which leads to the greater number of fluorine groups which will lead to an increase in the number of defects in the MXene material. This paper also discusses the correlation of process parameters with that of the electrical properties of MXene layers. It is found that to get the best MXene layers in terms of structurally and electrically, the process parameters need to tune in such a way that the etching of aluminium can be done completely without increasing the fluorine content in the MXene. Herein, we report for the first time the fabrication of best optimised MXene film on the flexible polypropylene (PP) substrate using the best optimised parameters for supercapacitor applications and compared with the Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glass substrate results. The PP-supported MXene device exhibits lower contact resistance of 141 ohms and the areal capacitance of 82.6mF/cm 2 at 5 mV/s and capacitive retention of 73.3%. The study opens up new possible designs for the high-performance devices employing different flake sizes, morphologies of MXene and their combinations.

CMOS platforms operating at the telecommunications wavelength either reside within the highly dissipative two-photon regime in silicon-based optical devices, or possess small nonlinearities. Bandgap engineering of non-stoichiometric silicon nitride using state-of-the-art fabrication techniques has led to our development of USRN (ultra-silicon-rich nitride) in the form of Si 7 N 3 , that possesses a high Kerr nonlinearity (2.8 × 10 −13  cm 2  W −1 ), an order of magnitude larger than that in stoichiometric silicon nitride. Here we experimentally demonstrate high-gain optical parametric amplification using USRN, which is compositionally tailored such that the 1,550 nm wavelength resides above the two-photon absorption edge, while still possessing large nonlinearities. Optical parametric gain of 42.5 dB, as well as cascaded four-wave mixing with gain down to the third idler is observed and attributed to the high photon efficiency achieved through operating above the two-photon absorption edge, representing one of the largest optical parametric gains to date on a CMOS platform. Typical CMOS materials in the telecommunications band suffer from two-photon absorption or possess weak Kerr nonlinearities. Here, Ooi et al . demonstrate 42.5 dB optical parametric amplification in ultra-silicon-rich nitride waveguides, designed to have strong nonlinearities with negligible losses.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is defined as a single hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) gaining selective advantage over a broader range of HSPCs. When linked to somatic mutations in myeloid malignancy-associated genes, such as TET2-mediated clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential or CHIP, it represents increased risk for hematological malignancies and cardiovascular disease. IL1β is elevated in patients with CHIP, however, its effect is not well understood. Here we show that IL1β promotes expansion of pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages, coinciding with a failure in the demethylation of lymphoid and erythroid lineage associated enhancers and transcription factor binding sites, in a mouse model of CHIP with hematopoietic-cell-specific deletion of Tet2 . DNA-methylation is significantly lost in wild type HSPCs upon IL1β administration, which is resisted by Tet2 -deficient HSPCs, and thus IL1β enhances the self-renewing ability of Tet2 -deficient HSPCs by upregulating genes associated with self-renewal and by resisting demethylation of transcription factor binding sites related to terminal differentiation. Using aged mouse models and human progenitors, we demonstrate that targeting IL1 signaling could represent an early intervention strategy in preleukemic disorders. In summary, our results show that Tet2 is an important mediator of an IL1β-promoted epigenetic program to maintain the fine balance between self-renewal and lineage differentiation during hematopoiesis. The expansion of cells with TET2 mutations within the blood is associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality, development of leukemia and cardiovascular disease. Here authors show IL1 promotes the clonal expansion TET2 knockout cells, enhancing their self-renewal, promoting their myeloid bias and impairing an IL1 driven loss of methylation at lymphoid and erythroid regulatory elements.

Modelling the noise emitted by turbulent jets is made difficult by their acoustic inefficiency: only a tiny fraction of the near-field turbulent kinetic energy is propagated to the far field as acoustic waves. As a result, jet-noise models must accurately capture this small, acoustically efficient component hidden among comparatively inefficient fluctuations. In this paper, we identify this acoustically efficient near-field source from large-eddy simulation data and use it to inform a predictive model. Our approach uses the resolvent framework, in which the source takes the form of nonlinear fluctuation terms that act as a forcing on the linearised Navier–Stokes equations. First, we identify the forcing that, when acted on by the resolvent operator, produces the leading spectral proper orthogonal decomposition modes in the acoustic field for a Mach 0.4 jet. Second, the radiating components of this forcing are isolated by retaining only portions with a supersonic phase speed. This component makes up less than 0.05 % of the total forcing energy but generates most of the acoustic response, especially at peak (downstream) radiation angles. Finally, we propose an empirical model for the identified acoustically efficient forcing components. The model is tested at other Mach numbers and flight-stream conditions and predicts noise within 2 dB accuracy for a range of frequencies, downstream angles and flight conditions.

SummaryThe G arvan Fracture Risk Calculator predicts risk of osteoporotic fractures. We evaluated its predictive performance in 16,682 women and 2839 men from Manitoba, Canada, and found significant risk stratification, with a strong gradient across scores. The tool outperformed clinical risk factors and bone mineral density for fracture risk stratification.IntroductionThe optimal model for fracture risk estimation to guide treatment decision-making remains controversial. Our objective was to evaluate the predictive performance of the Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator (FRC) in a large clinical registry from Manitoba, Canada.MethodsUsing the population-based Manitoba Bone Mineral Density (BMD) registry, we identified women and men aged 50–95 years undergoing baseline BMD assessment from September 1, 2012, onwards. Five-year Garvan FRC predictions were generated from clinical risk factors (CRFs) with and without femoral neck BMD. We identified incident non-traumatic osteoporotic fractures (OFs) and hip fractures (HFs) from population-based healthcare data sources to March 31, 2018. Fracture risk was assessed from area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Cox regression analysis and calibration ratios (5-year observed/predicted) were assessed for risk quintiles. All analyses were sex stratified.ResultsWe included 16,682 women (mean age 66.6 + / − SD 8.7 years) and 2839 men (mean age 68.7 + / − SD 10.2 years). During a mean observation time of 2.6 years, incident OFs were identified in 681 women and 140 men and HFs in 199 women and 22 men. AUROC showed significant fracture risk stratification with the Garvan FRC. Tool predictions without BMD were better than from age or decreasing weight, and the tool with BMD performed better than BMD alone. Garvan FRC with BMD performed better than without BMD, especially for HF prediction (AUROC 0.86 in women, 0.82 in men). There was a strong gradient of increasing risk across Garvan FRC quintiles (highest versus lowest, hazard ratios women 5.75 and men 3.43 for any OF; women 101.6 for HF). Calibration differences were noted, with both over- and underestimation in risk. ConclusionsGarvan FRC outperformed CRFs and BMD alone for fracture risk stratification, particularly for HF, but may require recalibration for accurate predictions in this population.

Amebiasis caused by protozoa Entamoeba histolytica (EH) is the third leading parasitic cause of human mortality. Although amebiasis is endemic in India, only about 10% of the infected individuals manifest disease. Clinical spectrum of amebiasis ranges from asymptomatic colonization to amebic colitis to hemorrhagic and fulminant colitis. Factors causing an invasive infection are not completely understood. Pathogen virulence, host immunity, and ability of the pathogen to evade host immune response play vital role in determining the disease course. Host factors such as immunocompromised states may make an individual susceptible to develop symptomatic infection. Malignancies usually result in chronic debilitation which may make the individual prone to develop invasive amebiasis with rapid progression. We report two cases of invasive amebiasis which developed a fulminant course in the immediate postoperative period after abdominal surgeries for visceral malignancies.

Purpose - This paper concurrently examines the antecedents, moderator as well as mediator of innovative work behavior (IWB). Design/methodology/approach - The paper reports a quantitative study of 510 managers from two service organizations based in western India. The focus of the paper is to examine the predictive ability of leader-member exchange (LMX), perceived organizational support (POS) and engagement on employees' IWB. Role of LMX as moderating variable (in POS-IWB relationship) and work engagement as the underlying mechanism explaining the relationship between predicting variables (LMX and POS) and IWB is tested. Findings - Results suggest that LMX, POS and work engagement positively relate to innovative employee behavior; LMX moderates the relationship between POS and innovative employee behavior. Additionally, work engagement mediates the relationship of LMX and POS with IWB. Research limitations/implications - Although this study is cross-sectional in nature, its findings have implications for contemporary leadership and organizational psychology research. Originality/value - This study significantly contributes to four different bodies of knowledge-work engagement, LMX, POS and IWB. The study also contributes in terms of its context. With increasing multinational opening their business in India, an understanding of employee motivation has become an important concern. This research is one of the rare attempts to examine engagement levels of Indian managerial employees.