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Background Vitamin D is an important nutrient for skeletal and extra-skeletal health. Mothers and their neonates are frequently vitamin D deficient. This study aimed to find the association of neonatal vitamin D levels with maternal vitamin D levels at birth. Materials and methods This descriptive-observational study was done on mother-baby dyads at a tertiary center, which included mothers delivering a healthy baby at term gestation. In this study, we reviewed 102 mother-baby dyads. The maternal venous blood and cord blood samples were collected after delivery to determine vitamin D levels. Data collected were maternal socio-demographic variables, weight, height, and neonatal anthropometric variables. The descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Pearson's R were used for analysis. The significant p-value was <0.05. Results The mean (SD) age and body mass index (BMI) of the mothers were 26.50 (4.04) years and 24.27 (4.06) kg/m , respectively. Vitamin D insufficient levels were reported in 96 (92.2%) mothers and 100 (98%) neonates. The mean (SD) vitamin D levels of the mother and neonate were 16.20 (8.29) and 15.23 (7.06) ng/mL, respectively, and were positively associated (chi-square value 3584.16; Pearson's R-value 0.676; p<0.0001). A significant association was found between maternal age, maternal dressing type, BMI, and neonatal anthropometric variables with both maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels. Conclusion A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both mothers and their neonates was found along with a positive correlation between their vitamin D levels. Diagnostic screenings for vitamin D levels and supplementation during pregnancy should be considered to prevent deficiency in the mother-baby dyad.

CONTEXT: Measures related to birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) during pregnancy play an important role in producing better pregnancy outcome. If the pregnant females are properly counseled during antenatal visits, it could help in bringing out desirable behavior changes. AIMS: This study aims to study BPCR-related awareness and practices among the pregnant females and the effect of focused and structured birth preparedness counseling on complication readiness among pregnant females. SUBJECT AND METHODS: A facility-based follow-up study was conducted from July to December 2016, and a total of 130 pregnant females were enrolled. All study participants were initially assessed for various domains of BPCR index consisting of seven key indicators. The index reassessment was done again, after 1 month, during follow-up visit. Information regarding any pregnancy-related complication in due course and behavior was also recorded during successive follow-up. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The difference in pre- and postcounseling mean BPCR index was assessed using paired t-test, and McNemar's test was used for paired categorical data analysis. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The postcounseling BPCR index (70.65 ± 19.18) was found to be significantly much higher as compared to pre-counseling baseline BPCR index (41.12 ± 11.34). Knowledge about danger signs of pregnancy, transportation services provided by government, financial assistance provided in Government schemes, identification of skilled birth attendant, mode of transportation, and arrangement of emergency blood donor was found to increase significantly after counseling. Abortion was found to occur significantly higher (about thrice) among those who had postcounseling BPCR index below average, i.e., <50% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study revealed that focused birth preparedness counseling on complication readiness could play an important role in increasing the baseline knowledge of pregnant females regarding pregnancy-related complications and bring out desirable ideal health-seeking behavior changes during pregnancy.

Vaginal hysterectomy is most common gynecological operation. It has many advantages, like low morbidity rate and early discharge from hospital, over abdominal hysterectomy when performed for benign gynecological conditions. To report experience with vaginal hysterectomy performed for benign gynecological conditions. 122 hysterectomies were performed in 3 years, from Jan 2009-Dec 2011; One hundred twelve women had vaginal hysterectomy for the uterus having size less than 14 weeks. Demographic and other useful scientific data were noted and analyzed to come to the conclusion that vaginal hysterectomy is safer operation than abdominal hysterectomy even for non prolapsed uterus. Almost 83.92 % cases had no complication and there were no life threatening complications. However 02 (1.78%) cases needed conversion to abdominal route without any serious morbidity. Vaginal hysterectomy is simpler, feasible and uneventful treatment modality for gynecological indications other than utero-vaginal prolapse.

Constitution benches have been vital for Supreme Court jurisprudence. But, the number of these benches has fallen since the 1960s. This article examines all constitution benches from independence until the end of 2009. Using this analysis, which paints a far more textured picture of these benches than has previously been available, it makes recommendations to help strengthen the Supreme Court's constitution benches.

As the global threat of drug- and antibiotic-resistant bacteria continues to rise, new strategies are required to advance the drug discovery process. This work describes the construction of an array of Escherichia coli strains for use in whole-cell screens to identify new antimicrobial compounds. We used the recombination systems from bacteriophages λ and P1 to engineer each strain in the array for low-level expression of a single, essential gene product, thus making each strain hypersusceptible to specific inhibitors of that gene target. Screening of nine strains from the array in parallel against a large chemical library permitted identification of new inhibitors of bacterial growth. As an example of the target specificity of the approach, compounds identified in the whole-cell screen for MurA inhibitors were also found to block the biochemical function of the target when tested in vitro .

The snack was distributed to women 6 d/week and was designed to provide supplementary green leafy vegetables (GLV), fruit and milk Samples of the snacks were chemically analysed to measure target levels of nine 'marker' nutrients.

From fans to air conditioners to refrigerators, appliances account for about 18 percent of global energy consumption and India’s rising urban population has a growing appetite for electrical appliances. The BEE can make the program more transparent at the standard-setting stage by sharing information about how products included in the standards and labeling program are chosen, conducting impact assessment studies and making national standards, testing procedures and compliance data publically available. Not only do customers benefit, but greater use of energy efficient appliances supports India’s climate goal and keep up with growing energy access gap.

Observational and trial data suggest that poor maternal micronutrient status as a result of poor dietary quality before and during pregnancy impairs fetal growth and development. This chapter describes the development of palatable food supplements produced from locally available vegetarian foods that improve the quality of the diet of young Indian women living in Mumbai slums. A vehicle in the form of a cooked snack food that could be distributed daily was developed to provide the women with supplementary green leafy vegetables (GLVs), fruit and milk. The target nutrient content of the snack was defined based on intake data from the study population and the UK Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). The snack was analysed to measure these target nutrient levels and palatability was assessed. Several approaches were used to deliver the amount of GLVs, fruit and milk that were considered sufficient to have an impact on the women's nutritional status. A vehicle was developed that contained these micronutrient-rich foods and was palatable and acceptable to the women. Some of the target micronutrient levels were achieved using combinations of fresh GLVs, dried fruits and milk powder. Mean micronutrient levels of the final product (per serving) were: β-carotene 123 retinol equivalents; folate 68 µmg; riboflavin 0.14 mg; iron 4.9 mg; calcium 195 mg; vitamin B 0.24 µmg. These values are between 12% and 43% of the UK EAR. To date, target vitamin C levels have not been achieved. It is possible to develop palatable, culturally acceptable and safe micronutrient-rich food supplements using a low-tech approach and locally available fresh and dehydrated ingredients.

DNA cytosine methylation is crucial for retrotransposon silencing and mammalian development. In a computational search for enzymes that could modify 5-methylcytosine (5mC), we identified TET proteins as mammalian homologs of the trypanosome proteins JBP1 and JBP2, which have been proposed to oxidize the 5-methyl group of thymine. We show here that TET1, a fusion partner of the MLL gene in acute myeloid leukemia, is a 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)- and Fe(II)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes conversion of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) in cultured cells and in vitro. hmC is present in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells, and hmC levels decrease upon RNA interference-mediated depletion of TET1. Thus, TET proteins have potential roles in epigenetic regulation through modification of 5mC to hmC.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of portable devices which it is also defined as a multi-hop and self-organized network. These networks are mainly used for applications like Military, healthcare, disaster recovery, location monitoring, environmental monitoring, etc. With the help of the wireless network, communication between MANETs through routing protocols effectively sends and receives data packets without much packet loss. In order to carry out effective communication, MANET must meet certain quality of service (QoS) requirements. Therefore, QoS in MANET is considered an innovative research area and has to be improved by various techniques. This review mainly aims to improve the QoS using meta-heuristic algorithms in the MANET framework with some parameters such as security, routing, energy efficiency, and mobility. This review also discusses the objectives, challenges, and problems of the MANETs’ QoS parameters, and the performance analysis for each meta-heuristic algorithm is summarized in this article. Finally, the future aspects of the checked QoS improvement procedures are discussed.