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Cities in the countries of the Maghreb and Andalusia preserved a huge heritage of forts, kasbahs, castles and walls that truly indicate the great role they played. Military fortifications were not just buildings that were called for by war events at that time only, but rather these facilities represented a lifestyle that affected the lives of societies and their facilities and in the formation of the city in general. Rulers sought to fortify cities to keep the entity of the country and establishing its authority and to protect the city and its urban development, hence various fortifications and military architecture like forts, castles, walls, towers and many others were built, so every city or village, whether in Morocco or Andalusia, almost had a wall surrounding its buildings to protect it, as well as a Kasbah, castle or fort that acted as a second line of defense for it. Which was applied to the city of Tiznit which had a great importance in the Alawite Age; so Sultan Hassan had fortified it and built its walls to be turned from a mere tiny village into a city and a center of the authority in the Souss region, in the south of Morocco. In this context, this article aims to highlight the city walls by checking out the date of building the walls, the reasons for their building, the used building materials. This article also aims for description and analysis of the walls and making plans and projections, horizontal and vertical sections and extracting its architectural elements to highlight its historical, architectural and cultural significances. Bearing in mind the culture of the era in which those walls were built, from political, social and economic conditions, also climatic and topographical conditions. The paper concludes with a recommendation to protect and to invest it as well, especially as they are the last walls built in Morocco.

ObjectivesThe aim of the present work was to explore the perspectives of Egyptian Rheumatology staff members as regards the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine.MethodsThe survey is composed of 25 questions. Some questions were adapted from the global rheumatology alliance COVID-19 survey for patients.Results187 rheumatology staff members across Egypt from 18 universities and authorizations actively participated with a valid response. The mean time needed to complete the survey was 17.7 ± 13 min. Participants were 159 (85%) females (F:M 5.7:1). One-third agreed that they will be vaccinated once available, 24.6% have already received at least one dose, 29.4% are unsure while 16% will not take it. Furthermore, 70.1% agreed that they will recommend it to the rheumatic diseases (RD) patients once available, 24.1% are not sure while 5.9% will not recommend it. RD priority to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in descending order include SLE (82.9%), RA (55.1%), vasculitis (51.3%), systemic sclerosis (39.6%), MCTD (31.6%), Behcet's disease (28.3%). The most common drugs to be avoided before vaccination included biologics (71.7%), DMARDs (44.4%), biosimilars (26.7%), IVIg (17.1%) and NSAIDs (9.1%).ConclusionsThe results of the study and specifically the low rate of acceptability are alarming to Egyptian health authorities and should stir further interventions to reduce the levels of vaccine hesitancy. As rheumatic disease patients in Egypt were not systematically provided with the vaccine till present, making the vaccine available could as well enhance vaccine acceptance. Further studies to investigate any possible side effects, on a large scale of RD patients are warranted.