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10 result(s) for "Agudelo Morales, Carlos E."
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Diatoms-endoparasite association in fish from the marine pacific coast of Colombia (Buenaventura)
The association of parasites and diatoms has been previously reported as an important mechanism to control bacteria and parasites to avoid resistance to chemical usage. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diatoms genus and parasites within the gastrointestinal compartments (GICs) of commercial fish in fisheries of the marine Pacific coast of Colombia (Buenaventura). A total of 104 GICs from marine fish were sampled. The GICs analysis revealed 14 diatom genera (N = 14). The most prevalent were Coscinodiscus spp., which was present in 58/104 samples, 55.8% [95% CI = 37.5–62.1%]; Cyclotella spp., 28/104, 26.9% [95% CI = 0–25%]; Paralia spp., 26/104, 25% [95% CI = 12.5–44.8%]; Gyrosigma spp., 11/104, 10.6% [95% CI = 0–33.3%]; Navicula spp., 11/104, 10.6%, [95% CI = 0–20.7%]. The GICs analysis revealed a diversity of genera parasites. The most prevalent were Ameboid cysts, 25/104, 24% [95% CI = 12.5–48.3%]; Eimeria spp., 11/104, 10.6% [95% CI = 10.3–15.7%]; Anisakis spp., 29/104, 27.1% [95% CI = 27.1 (SD±12.9%)]. This is the first report concerning diatoms and parasites association in fish from the Pacific Coast of Colombia and highlights the relevance of Coscinodiscus spp. and Gyrosigma spp. as important diatoms and potential candidates for studying pharmaceutical action in aquaculture. Further studies about diatoms-parasites association in aquaculture are required.
Dual Emerging Applications of Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger and Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) for the Obtention of Antimicrobial Polyphenols from Pineapple Waste
The exploration of natural antimicrobial compounds is necessary due to the current bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics. For this reason, pineapple residues were evaluated as a natural source of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial capacity. Pineapple residues were fermented with A. niger GH1 and subjected to ultrasound for the extraction of phenolic compounds. In the solid-state fermentation (SSF), the peel and the core (70:30) were fermented for 32 h. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized. The factors solid–liquid ratio (X1), ethanol concentration (X2), and extraction cycle (X3) were optimized through a Box–Behnken statistical design, using the total phenol content (TPC) as a response variable. The optimized and pre-purified extract with amberlite was characterized using HPLC-MS and we measured the antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The optimal values for X1, X2, and X3 were 82 mg/mL, 26%, and two cycles, respectively. The extract was effective as an antimicrobial agent against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, with MICs of 50 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively; the bacterial growth curve and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the antimicrobial activity. The main compounds identified in the antimicrobial extract were 3,4-DHPEA-EA, Phloretin 2′-O-xylosyl-glucoside, and Feruloyl tartaric acid. Overall, the combination SSF-UAE showed to be a promising strategy to recover phenolic compounds from pineapple residues, exhibiting great potential as a natural antimicrobial agent.
Dual Emerging Applications of Solid-State Fermentation for the Obtention of Antimicrobial Polyphenols from Pineapple Waste
The exploration of natural antimicrobial compounds is necessary due to the current bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics. For this reason, pineapple residues were evaluated as a natural source of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial capacity. Pineapple residues were fermented with A. niger GH1 and subjected to ultrasound for the extraction of phenolic compounds. In the solid-state fermentation (SSF), the peel and the core (70:30) were fermented for 32 h. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized. The factors solid–liquid ratio (X1), ethanol concentration (X2), and extraction cycle (X3) were optimized through a Box–Behnken statistical design, using the total phenol content (TPC) as a response variable. The optimized and pre-purified extract with amberlite was characterized using HPLC-MS and we measured the antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The optimal values for X1, X2, and X3 were 82 mg/mL, 26%, and two cycles, respectively. The extract was effective as an antimicrobial agent against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, with MICs of 50 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively; the bacterial growth curve and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the antimicrobial activity. The main compounds identified in the antimicrobial extract were 3,4-DHPEA-EA, Phloretin 2′-O-xylosyl-glucoside, and Feruloyl tartaric acid. Overall, the combination SSF-UAE showed to be a promising strategy to recover phenolic compounds from pineapple residues, exhibiting great potential as a natural antimicrobial agent.
Biology, Population Fluctuation, and Foliar Consumption Rate of Durrantia arcanella Busk, 1912 (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae), a Defoliator of Oil Palm in the Colombian Caribbean
Durrantia arcanella is a recurring pest insect of oil palm in Colombia. Because the biology and ecology of D. arcanella are unknown, it was proposed to determine the life cycle and foliar consumption under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, through sequential sampling for two and a half years, its population fluctuation and natural enemies were determined in Agustín Codazzi and El Copey (Cesar, Colombia). Also, temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity were registered. The life cycle of D. arcanella lasted 48.0 ± 10.1 days, the egg 8.0 ± 0.7 days, larva 24.2 ± 6.2 days, pre-pupa 1.5 ± 0.5 days, pupa 7.1 ± 0.9 days, and adult 7.2 ± 2.0 days. The larvae consumed 8.2 ± 5.3 cm2 of leaflets. Correlations were found between the population fluctuation in D. arcanella and the temperature in El Copey (ρ = −0.45; p < 0.0043), relative humidity in Codazzi (ρ = 0.33; p < 0.034), and with the natural control in both locations ((ρ = 0, 61; p < 0.000044) and (ρ = 0.42; p < 0.006)). These results suggest monitoring the pest populations in the second semester of the year and show the importance of promoting native natural enemies.
Leishmaniasis among internally displaced people of Colombia, 2007–2018 – A comparative analysis with the general population
According to the rate ratio, there are 311 cases of ML in the IDP of Bogotá for each case in the general population and 30 cases of VL in the IDP of Huila for each case in the general population (Fig. 1) during the 12 years of study. [...]Bogotá DC (the capital) reported the highest cumulated crude rates for CL and ML due to displacement. According to it, 5,761,000 were the total IDP for conflict and violence in Colombia as of December 3, 2018.
Bayesian modeling application and optimization to demand forecasting
Practices for optimal inventory management are a need at supply chains, especially for nished industrial products. A contribution to this logistic chain consists in nding efcient forecast of products demand, which permits to minimize cost inventory management, aspects that are more difcult in the presence of few historical data. This work proposal consists in the application of various Bayesian techniques with an optimization method, comparing its efciency with MAPE indicator for demand forecasting, with few historical data. Results indicate that the expected value technique with an order 1 delay in the parameters, using Tabu metaheuristic shows the best accuracy in the forecast.
Zonificación, caracterización y tipificación de los sistemas de producción de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) en el Eje Cafetero
Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo general delimitar las zonas y los sistemas de producción óptimos para la producción de lulo a fin de contribuir a la planificación y organización de su producción en el Eje Cafetero (Departamentos de Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda, Colombia). Los objetivos específicos fueron identificar, espacializar, zonificar, caracterizar y tipificar los sistemas de producción de lulo en la región mencionada. Se tomó como marco muestral una población objeto de 253 productores de lulo, de acuerdo con información oficial suministrada por las Unidades Municipales de Asistencia Técnica –UMATA– de la región. El tamaño de la muestra a utilizar, 34 productores, se determinó por el método conocido como “muestreo aleatorio de proporciones”. La caracterización y tipificación se realizaron utilizando análisis multivariados, como el análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples y el análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico. Basados en las características comunes de las fincas productoras de lulo, se identificaron cinco clases o sistemas de producción muy ligados a su ubicación geográfica. El concepto de sistema de producción, asumido como un espacio rural a nivel subregional, facilita las acciones necesarias para la formulación colectiva e integral de nuevos modelos de desarrollo agroindustrial. Los resultados del análisis económico demuestran que el sistema de producción de Lulo de Castilla intercalado con café, en la vertiente occidental de Risaralda y Caldas, tiene una tasa interna de retorno anual del 75% y constituye una alternativa rentable de diversificación ante la crisis cafetera. Mapping, characterization and classification of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) production systems at the Colombian Coffee Belt.A CORPOICA’s multidisciplinary team, with the financial support of SENA, carried out a study during 2001 aimed at determining the optimum regions and production systems for lulo along the Colombian coffee belt area (Departments of Caldas, Quindío and Risaralda). The specific objectives were to identify, map and characterize the lulo production systems. An initial population of 253 lulo producers was studied from which a sample of 34 producers was selected. Sample size was determined according to the random sampling of proportions method. Multivariate analysis methodologies were used in the characterization and classification such as factorial analysis of multiple correspondences and hierarchical grouping analysis. Based on the common characteristics of the lulo farms studied, 5 classes of production systems were identified, that were closely related to the geographical zone variable. This concept of production system as a rural space at the subregion level facilitates the correction and necessary  actions for the collective construction of new models of agro industrial development. The economical analysis of a lulo and coffee mixed production system showed an internal yearly return rate of 75%, at the West Risaralda and Caldas Basin, and suggest that the lulo production is an profitable alternative of diversification in response to the current coffee crisis.
El papel del hierro “libre” y el estrés oxidativo en la etiología del edema de los niños con Kwashiorkor
El Kwashiorkor es una forma grave de malnutrición proteico energética que se diferencia del marasmo, principalmente, por la presencia de edema. Las teorías iniciales que explican esta alteración, sostienen que el bajo consumo de proteína dietaria ocasiona el descenso de la albúmina plasmática y por consiguiente la disminución de la presión oncótica, provocando la salida de agua al espacio intersticial. Estudios comparativos realizados a partir de 1980, no encontraron diferencias significativas en el contenido de proteínas de las dietas ingeridas por niños con marasmo y kwashiorkor y demostraron que el consumo de cantidades mínimas de este nutriente, no siempre desencadena el edema. Al mismo tiempo, varios investigadores hallaron algunas alteraciones bioquímicas en los niños con kwashiorkor pero no en los niños con marasmo, como mayor producción de especies reactivas del oxígeno, menor defensa antioxidante, altas concentraciones de ferritina y disminución de transferrina séricas y hierro \"libre\" en plasma. Lo anterior sugiere que la deficiencia de proteínas, no es el único factor determinante del curso de la desnutrición aguda grave hacia kwashiorkor y que el exceso de agua corporal también puede ser consecuencia del daño oxidativo a biomoléculas orgánicas, ocasionado por la infección y por la presencia de hierro \"libre\".
Cambios en la concentración sérica de hierro “libre” en niños con desnutrición aguda grave bajo tratamiento de recuperación nutricional. Turbo -Colombia
Introducción: Se recomida suplemento de hierro en niños con desnutrición aguda grave cuando recuperan el apetito, aun cuando existen evidencias de que en ese momento, aún hay presencia de hierro \"libre\" y es insuficiente la concentración de transferrina para transportarlo. Objetivo: Evaluar el cambio en las concentraciones séricas de hierro libre, transferrina y ferritina en niños con marasmo y kwashiorkor entre el momento uno, al ingreso y el momento dos, después, cuando el niño recuperó el apetito. Materiales y métodos: Estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, de tipo antes y después. Se realizó en Turbo, con 40 niños menores de cinco años de los cuales 20 tenían marasmo y 20 kwashiorkor. Se determinaron en ambos momentos: hierro \"libre\" por electroforesis capilar, transferrina y su índice de saturación, capacidad de fijación de hierro, ferritina, proteínas totales, albúmina, hierro total y proteína C reactiva (PCR) en suero. Resultados: Los niños desnutridos presentaron hierro \"libre\" antes de iniciar el tratamiento nutricional sin diferencias significativas entre marasmáticos y edematosos, para el momento dos la concentración de hierro \"libre\" disminuyó significativamente en ambos grupos pero aun se encontraban valores del metal. La PCR disminuyó significativamente en ambos grupos y en edematosos la ferritina se mantuvo alta al recuperar el apetito. Conclusiones: La recuperación del apetito no es el momento oportuno para dar suplementos de hierro a los edematosos porque aun tienen hierro \"libre\", persiste una baja concentración de transferrina y alta de ferritina; se debe esperar la resolución del edema y de la infección.
Zonificación, caracterización y tipificación de los sistemas de producción de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) en el Eje Cafetero
Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo general delimitar las zonas y los sistemas de producción óptimos para la producción de lulo a fin de contribuir a la planificación y organización de su producción en el Eje Cafetero (Departamentos de Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda, Colombia). Los objetivos específicos fueron identificar, espacializar, zonificar, caracterizar y tipificar los sistemas de producción de lulo en la región mencionada. Se tomó como marco muestral una población objeto de 253 productores de lulo, de acuerdo con información oficial suministrada por las Unidades Municipales de Asistencia Técnica –UMATA– de la región. El tamaño de la muestra a utilizar, 34 productores, se determinó por el método conocido como “muestreo aleatorio de proporciones”. La caracterización y tipificación se realizaron utilizando análisis multivariados, como el análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples y el análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico. Basados en las características comunes de las fincas productoras de lulo, se identificaron cinco clases o sistemas de producción muy ligados a su ubicación geográfica. El concepto de sistema de producción, asumido como un espacio rural a nivel subregional, facilita las acciones necesarias para la formulación colectiva e integral de nuevos modelos de desarrollo agroindustrial. Los resultados del análisis económico demuestran que el sistema de producción de Lulo de Castilla intercalado con café, en la vertiente occidental de Risaralda y Caldas, tiene una tasa interna de retorno anual del 75% y constituye una alternativa rentable de diversificación ante la crisis cafetera.