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The current literature compartmentalizes the complex issue of water and wastewater into its discrete components; technology, planning, policy, construction, economics, etc. Considered from the perspective of sustainability, however, water in the urban environment must be approached as a single resource that can be continuously reused and recycled. This book will be the first to capture all of the current work on this idea in a single, integrated, plan for designing the water-centric cities of the future. From new construction to the retrofitting of existing systems, this book presents the case for a new urban relationship to water, one with a more sustainableconnection tothe environment and the hydrological cycle. Through case studies of successfully planned and built systems around the world, the book will educate the reader about the need for a new approach to urban water management, and make the case that these changes are not only possible but imperative.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs rely heavily on the electronic medical record (EMR) to carry out daily activities, make interventions, optimize patient care, and collect data. In 2019 the University of Vermont Medical Center transitioned from using a third party platform to the Epic (Verona, WI, www.epic.com ) Bugsy module for antimicrobial stewardship. Method: We have spent the past 4 years optimizing the Epic foundation to match our institutional antimicrobial prescribing guidelines, susceptibility patterns, and build reports to extract actionable data. Result: During the build process, we readily identified three areas needed for customization: (1) Empiric, definitive, and prophylactic indications of use for all antimicrobials based on our hospital’s internally published books “Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy for Adults” and “Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatrics” (figure 1); (2) An on-demand report to capture all patients with new administrations of antimicrobials in the preceding 72 hours, that includes ordering clinician, stop date of therapy, and indication (figure 2); and (3) A unique, custom-built slicer-dicer report to capture high-level data on how each antimicrobial is being prescribed by indication, dose, route of administration, ordering clinician, attending physician, and department (figure 3). Conclusion: We have built a system where we can readily identify patients that are receiving antimicrobials both within and outside of institutional guidelines and know the ordering clinician to contact to provide in-the-moment feedback. We can also collect retrospective data to know which antimicrobial agents were prescribed for all infectious syndromes. These three institutional customizations have provided invaluable information to improve patient care.

Bismuth oxyhalides have recently gained attention for their promise as photocatalysts. Due to their layered structure, these materials present fascinating and highly desirable physicochemical properties including visible light photocatalytic capability and improved charge separation. While bismuth oxyhalides have been rigorously evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and many synthesis strategies have been employed to enhance this property, relatively little work has been done to test them against pharmaceuticals and pesticides. These persistent organic pollutants are identified as emerging concerns by the EPA and effective strategies must be developed to combat them. Here, we review recent work directed at characterizing the nature of the interactions between bismuth oxyhalides and persistent organic pollutants using techniques including LC-MS/MS for the determination of photocatalytic degradation intermediates and radical scavenging to determine active species during photocatalytic degradation. The reported investigations indicate that the high activity of bismuth oxyhalides for the breakdown of persistent organic pollutants from water can be largely attributed to the strong oxidizing power of electron holes in the valence band. Unlike conventional catalysts like TiO2, these catalysts can also function in ambient solar conditions. This suggests a much wider potential use for these materials as green catalysts for industrial photocatalytic transformation, particularly in flow chemistry applications.

This report explores the changing landscape of oral health care delivery in the United States, highlighting the evolving role of dental hygienists. The 2021 National Institutes of Health report \"Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges\" has become a key milestone in addressing oral health inequities, acknowledging the important role that dental hygienists could play in expanding innovative care models, and promoting medical-dental integration (MDI). The Rainbow Model of Integrated Care offers a framework to examine facilitators of MDI care models, revealing supportive policies, interprofessional collaborative practice, incremental change, and local leadership as some of the crucial components needed for success. Dental hygienists emerge as catalysts for change, as such, the overarching aim of this report is to contribute to the broader conversation about optimizing oral health care accessibility through integrated care models led by dental hygienists.

[...]the results of the medication-use evaluation were widely distributed via e-mail in March of 2018 and encouraged clinicians to use ceftriaxone with metronidazole over PT in the absence of an indication for antipseudomonal therapy. [...]the results of the meta-analysis by Hammond et al6 may have influenced clinicians to shift empiric antipseudomonal therapy away from PT, independent of our intervention, due to concern for acute kidney injury when used in conjunction with vancomycin.6 We observed an increase in meropenem usage, and we speculate that this finding may be related. [...]the BPA could not be programmed to target only the primary team, to link culture data, or to notify the ASP of a BPA trigger for PAF follow-up.