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Accurately measuring dietary sugars intake in large-scale epidemiological studies is necessary to understand dietary sugars’ true impact on health. Researchers have developed a biomarker that can be used to assess total sugars intake. Our objective is to test this biomarker in diverse populations using an ad libitum intake protocol. Healthy adult participants (n = 63; 58% Indigenous Americans/Alaska Natives; 60% male; BMI (mean ± SD) = 30.6 ± 7.6 kg.m2) were admitted for a 10-day inpatient stay. On day 2, body composition was measured by DXA, and over the last 3 days, ad libitum dietary intake was measured using a validated vending machine paradigm. Over the same days, participants collected daily 24 h urine used to measure sucrose and fructose. The 24 h urinary sucrose and fructose biomarker (24hruSF) (mg/d) represents the sum of 24 h urinary sucrose and fructose excretion levels. The association between the 3-day mean total sugars intake and log 24uSF level was assessed using the Pearson correlation. A linear mixed model regressing log-biomarker on total sugars intake was used to investigate further the association between biomarker, diet, and other covariates. Mean (S.D.) total sugars intake for the group was 197.7 g/d (78.9). Log 24uSF biomarker was moderately correlated with total sugars intake (r = 0.33, p = 0.01). In stratified analyses, the correlation was strongest in females (r = 0.45, p = 0.028), the 18–30 age group (r = 0.44, p = 0.079), Indigenous Americans (r = 0.51, p = 0.0023), and the normal BMI category (r = 0.66, p = 0.027). The model adjusted for sex, age, body fat percent, and race/ethnicity demonstrated a statistically significant association between 24uSF and total sugars intake (β = 0.0027, p < 0.0001) and explained 31% of 24uSF variance (marginal R2 = 0.31). Our results demonstrated a significant relationship between total sugars intake and the 24uSF biomarker in this diverse population. However, the results were not as strong as those of controlled feeding studies that investigated this biomarker.

Carcinoembryogenic antigen cellular adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are intercellular adhesion molecules highly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. CEACAM1, -3, -5, -6, -7 are altered in patients suffering from colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but their role in the onset and pathogenesis of IBD is not well known. Herein, we aim to correlate CEACAM1, -3, -5, -6, -7 expression to the degree of inflammation in pediatric and adult IBD colon biopsies and to examine the regulation of CEACAMs on human intestinal epithelial cell lines (C2BBe1/HT29) by different IBD-associated triggers (cytokines, bacteria/metabolites, emulsifiers) and IBD-drugs (6-Mercaptopurine, Prednisolone, Tofacitinib). Biopsies from patients with pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) and adult ulcerative colitis (UC, active/inactive disease) showed a significant increase in CEACAM3, -5, -6 expression, while CEACAM5 expression was reduced in adult CD patients (active/inactive disease). Intestinal epithelial cells cultured with a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail and Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) showed a rapid induction of CEACAM1, -5, -7 followed by a reduced RNA and protein expression overtime and a constant expression of CEACAM3, correlating with IL-8 expression. Cells cultured with the emulsifier polysorbate-80 resulted in a significant induction of CEACAM3, -5, -6, -7 at a late time point, while SCFA treatment reduced CEACAM1, -5, -7 expression. No major alterations in expression of CEACAMs were noted on cells cultured with the commensal Escherichia coli K12 or the pathogen Salmonella typhimurium . IBD drugs, particularly Tofacitinib, significantly reduced cytokine-induced CEACAM1, -3, -5, -6, -7 expression associated with a reduced IL-8 secretion. In conclusion, we provide new evidence on the regulation of CEACAMs by different IBD-associated triggers, identifying a role of CEACAMs in IBD pathogenesis.

Historically, researchers in the gut microbiome have deemed the composition of the microbiome as being adult by the age of two. However, recent studies have contradicted this, demonstrating statistically significant differences in the microbiome even through childhood and adolescence. This difference is important in the field of microbiome research, particularly in studies examining this relationship with weight, because even though there have been significant associations between the gut microbiome and weight, they have been largely studied in adults. The freshman year of college is an interesting time to study this relationship in younger populations, due to the lifestyle changes that make them vulnerable to weight gain. This study included N=139 participants, a majority female (N=97, 69.8%), white (N=59, 42.4%), and non-Hispanic (N=89, 64%). Participants were only included in this analysis if they gave 2 or more fecal samples over the 4 timepoint study. Samples were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq instrument after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed on the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Statistical analysis was performed using the longitudinal plugin of QIIME2. Results demonstrate that low abundance features seemed to drive a majority of the differences in variability between those who maintained their weight over the course of the study and those who gained weight. This was demonstrated through many significant Unweighted UniFrac results with corresponding nonsignificant Weighted UniFrac data. This study demonstrated that changes in lower abundance features may have driven the significant differences in weight status in this study. This study emphasized the importance of low abundance features and how this relates to changes in weight status during a period of major lifestyle changes. Further work is needed to confirm these findings and explore how gut microbes change in free-living individuals gaining weight over time.

Environmental factors, including westernised diets and alterations to the gut microbiota, are considered risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The mechanisms underpinning diet-microbiota-host interactions are poorly understood in IBD. We present evidence that feeding a lard-based high-fat (HF) diet can protect mice from developing DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by significantly reducing tumour burden/incidence, immune cell infiltration, cytokine profile, and cell proliferation. We show that HF protection was associated with increased gut microbial diversity and a significant reduction in Proteobacteria and an increase in Firmicutes and Clostridium cluster XIVa abundance. Microbial functionality was modulated in terms of signalling fatty acids and bile acids (BA). Faecal secondary BAs were significantly induced to include moieties that can activate the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor richly represented in the intestine and colon. Indeed, colonic VDR downstream target genes were upregulated in HF-fed mice and in combinatorial lipid-BAs-treated intestinal HT29 epithelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that HF diet protects against colitis and CAC risk through gut microbiota and BA metabolites modulating vitamin D targeting pathways. Our data highlights the complex relationship between dietary fat-induced alterations of microbiota-host interactions in IBD/CAC pathophysiology.

This research examines how preschool children's behavior can be modified during transition time by using intellect-11211y engaging activities. In this study transitions are coded as any part of the day when children have to move from one place to another physically or mentally. The participants consisted of twenty-four children ages 4 and 5. The children were taught a series of transitional activities and were cued to perform them when teacher directed. While this research documents children's behavior linked to successful and unsuccessful transitions, it holds many benefits for teachers studying their teaching strategies, organizational skills and classroom management techniques. The research demonstrated that the class as a whole had tremendous growth in performing the intellectual engaging activities as well as positive behavior while doing them. Every student in this study demonstrated positive gains. Intellectually engaging activities led by teacher direction eliminated the disorder in the classroom and kept children on track throughout the day.

Barnard et al measure the extent to which dirext government payments are currently capitalized into cropland values. Wide spatial variability exists in the percentage of direct government payments that are capitalized into cropland values.

As this country now grapples with the concerns over coronavirus, there are many more stark signs of the outbreak's deepening impact. Wall Street witnessed yet another meltdown, the worst day there since 1987. Despite the Federal Reserve promising to inject at least $1.5 trillion worth of money into the financial system, the Dow sank 10 percent. WAPO reports that Trump believed coronavirus address would calm markets and the nation. NYT reports that Trump struggles to unify nation amid coronavirus. USA Today/Ipsos poll polled people who identified as Republicans and Democrats about a basic thing like washing their hands to prevent coronavirus. The result was actually different depending on your political party. Democrats were more likely to be washing their hands more often than Republicans. Concern over hospitals preparedness are growing as coronavirus continues to spread. GUESTS: Alan Blinder, Susan Page, Peter Baker, Irwin Redlener

The \"Best Seat in the House,\" a presentation by Lyric Opera of Chicago's Timothy Shaindlin, will be offered by Barrington Chapter of Lyric Opera at 2 p.m. March 16 in a private Inverness residence. Shaindlin will share many humorous anecdotes from his up close and personal role as a prompter and diction coach for Lyric Opera of Chicago. He has served seven years on their music staff and has coached 10 seasons for Lyric Opera Center for American Artists. Palatine Library cardholders may sign up to participate at the Reader Assistance Desk of the Main Library, at the Freeman Road Branch in Hoffman Estates, at the Rand Road Branch in Palatine, or on the Bookmobile.