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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-protein-coding RNAs that have over 200 nucleotides. Various studies have shown that aberrant expression of lncRNAs can lead to the development of different tumors. Furthermore, recent findings revealed that abnormal lncRNA expression can significantly influence cancer-related processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2), a type of lncRNA, was initially identified as an oncogene in colon cancer and subsequently identified as a prognostic biomarker in different cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and other tumors. Cumulative studies have revealed that the overexpression of CCAT2 is significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor node metastasis (TNM stage), tumor progression, and poor clinical outcomes. The significant role of CCAT2 in various gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies has drawn increased attention in recent years. In the present study, we reviewed recent literature concerning lncRNA CCAT2’s role in the development and progression of different GI cancers, including colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular, and oropharyngeal cancer, its interaction with cancer-related molecular mechanisms, and evaluate its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in GI patients. In addition, this study shows that CCAT2 can be applied as a novel target for treatment strategies in gastrointestinal cancers.

Adjusting the exact warfarin dose has always been challenging since it has a narrow therapeutic window. Numerous factors, including poor drug compliance, drug-drug interactions, and malabsorption syndromes, affect the warfarin plasma concentration, leading to oversensitivity or resistance to warfarin. Patients who need more than 15 mg/d of warfarin for maintained anticoagulant effects are considered warfarin resistant. We describe a 62-year-old man referred to our center with bruising on his feet in June 2021. The patient had a history of valve replacement (mechanical prosthetic valves in 2013), hypothyroidism, and atrial fibrillation. He presented with warfarin resistance (first noticed in 2013) and did not reach the desired warfarin therapeutic effect despite receiving 60 mg of warfarin daily. Upon admission, the patient was on warfarin (100 mg/d) with an international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.5. He underwent laboratory and molecular genetic tests, which showed no mutation in the CYP2C9 and VKORC1, the genes associated with warfarin resistance. A stepwise diagnosis is required to identify the underlying cause. Assessing the patient's compliance, drug history, dietary habits, malabsorption diseases, and genetics may be necessary. We evaluated these possible reasons for resistance and found no correlation. The patient's warfarin intake was monitored closely to reach the INR therapeutic target of 3-3.5. He decided to leave the hospital with personal consent. He was discharged with a cardiologist referral and 24 warfarin tablets daily (120 mg/d) with an INR of 1.8. The patient was followed up 6 months and 2 years after discharge and was on the same daily dose of warfarin as at discharge, with no complications.

An Ag/Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -APTES nanostructure was prepared for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (organic pollutant), exhibiting excellent yield in a short time. Partial digestion of magnetite formed pseudo-hollow structures which could further activate the Ag for catalytic reaction. Encapsulation of Ag was able to avoid undesirable phenomena such as agglomeration of Ag nanoparticles and their leaching. A mesoporous organosilanes layer was able to facilitate the contact of organic reactant with the catalyst surface while the incorporated magnetite allowed easy separation of the catalyst for reuse. The reduction reaction was simple (ambient conditions), fast (10 min), clean (water as a solvent), green (without waste/by-product), with low loading of the catalyst (1 mg of Ag), producing high yields (99%), and capable of almost 100% catalyst recovery. Graphical abstract

The magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 were synthesized through a solid-state reaction of hydrated iron (III) chloride, hydrated iron (II) chloride and NaOH, and then purified by calcination at high temperature. In order to protect ferrite nanoparticles from oxidation and agglomeration, and to manufacture a novel catalytic system of anchored copper on the magnetic substrate, the Fe3O4 was core-shelled by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate. Next, the prepared Fe3O4@SiO2 was supported by phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as the second layer of nanocomposite at 80 °C in 30 h. Eventually, the new nanocomposite of Fe3O4@SiO2-PMA-Cu was successfully synthesized by adding copper (II) chloride solution and solid potassium borohydride. The structure of magnetic nanocatalyst was acknowledged through different techniques such as EDS, VSM, XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, TGA, BET and FESEM. The synthesis of β-thiolo/benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles from various thiiranes, terminal alkynes and sodium azide was catalyzed by Fe3O4@SiO2-PMA-Cu nanocomposite in aqueous medium. In order to obtain the optimum condition, the effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst amount and solvent were gauged. The recycled catalyst was used for several consecutive runs without any loss of activity.The magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 were synthesized through a solid-state reaction of hydrated iron (III) chloride, hydrated iron (II) chloride and NaOH, and then purified by calcination at high temperature. In order to protect ferrite nanoparticles from oxidation and agglomeration, and to manufacture a novel catalytic system of anchored copper on the magnetic substrate, the Fe3O4 was core-shelled by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate. Next, the prepared Fe3O4@SiO2 was supported by phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as the second layer of nanocomposite at 80 °C in 30 h. Eventually, the new nanocomposite of Fe3O4@SiO2-PMA-Cu was successfully synthesized by adding copper (II) chloride solution and solid potassium borohydride. The structure of magnetic nanocatalyst was acknowledged through different techniques such as EDS, VSM, XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, TGA, BET and FESEM. The synthesis of β-thiolo/benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles from various thiiranes, terminal alkynes and sodium azide was catalyzed by Fe3O4@SiO2-PMA-Cu nanocomposite in aqueous medium. In order to obtain the optimum condition, the effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst amount and solvent were gauged. The recycled catalyst was used for several consecutive runs without any loss of activity.

The magnetic nanoparticles of Fe 3 O 4 were synthesized through a solid-state reaction of hydrated iron (III) chloride, hydrated iron (II) chloride and NaOH, and then purified by calcination at high temperature. In order to protect ferrite nanoparticles from oxidation and agglomeration, and to manufacture a novel catalytic system of anchored copper on the magnetic substrate, the Fe 3 O 4 was core-shelled by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate. Next, the prepared Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 was supported by phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as the second layer of nanocomposite at 80 °C in 30 h. Eventually, the new nanocomposite of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -PMA-Cu was successfully synthesized by adding copper (II) chloride solution and solid potassium borohydride. The structure of magnetic nanocatalyst was acknowledged through different techniques such as EDS, VSM, XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, TGA, BET and FESEM. The synthesis of β -thiolo/benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles from various thiiranes, terminal alkynes and sodium azide was catalyzed by Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -PMA-Cu nanocomposite in aqueous medium. In order to obtain the optimum condition, the effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst amount and solvent were gauged. The recycled catalyst was used for several consecutive runs without any loss of activity.

The magnetic nanoparticles of Fe O were synthesized through a solid-state reaction of hydrated iron (III) chloride, hydrated iron (II) chloride and NaOH, and then purified by calcination at high temperature. In order to protect ferrite nanoparticles from oxidation and agglomeration, and to manufacture a novel catalytic system of anchored copper on the magnetic substrate, the Fe O was core-shelled by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate. Next, the prepared Fe O @SiO was supported by phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as the second layer of nanocomposite at 80 °C in 30 h. Eventually, the new nanocomposite of Fe O @SiO -PMA-Cu was successfully synthesized by adding copper (II) chloride solution and solid potassium borohydride. The structure of magnetic nanocatalyst was acknowledged through different techniques such as EDS, VSM, XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, TGA, BET and FESEM. The synthesis of β-thiolo/benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles from various thiiranes, terminal alkynes and sodium azide was catalyzed by Fe O @SiO -PMA-Cu nanocomposite in aqueous medium. In order to obtain the optimum condition, the effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst amount and solvent were gauged. The recycled catalyst was used for several consecutive runs without any loss of activity.

Landslide phenomena annually cause irreparable financial and human losses, predominantly occurring in mountainous regions characterized by specific topographic and climatic conditions. Consequently, this study aims to prepare landslide susceptibility maps for the Gollojeh Watershed in Zanjan province, Iran, using a combination of the bootstrap aggregating (BA) data mining method with three algorithms: random forest (BA-RF), logistic model tree (BA-LMT), and classification and regression tree (BA-CART). Initially, 140 landslide locations were identified; 98 (70% of these locations) were randomly selected for model training and the remaining 42 (35% of these locations) were used for model validation. In the next step, 13 landslide-affecting factors including elevation, ground slope, slope aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index, stream power index, distance from faults, lithology, distance from canals, distance from roads, land use, and precipitation were considered. To quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the hybridized models, the root mean square error (RMSE) index, along with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC), were used. The results showed that the BA-RF algorithm demonstrated the highest prediction power, with RMSE and AUC values of 0.293 and 0.903 during the validation phases, respectively. This was followed by the BA-LMT (RMSE = 0.480 and AUC = 0.889) and BA-CART algorithms (RMSE = 0.492 and AUC = 0.847). Overall, the southern part of the study area was found to be low prone to landslides, while the middle part was more susceptible.

Background. Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) is one of the most common Enterobacteriaceae causing nosocomial infections. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants have been considered recently. This study evaluated the abundance of PMQR genes in strains of E. cloacae obtained from clinical samples in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, after collecting 113 isolates of E. cloacae, their identity was confirmed using specific biochemical tests. After determining their drug resistance patterns using disc diffusion, the phenotypic frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates was measured by the double-disk synergy test (DDST) method. The isolates were examined for the presence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results. The antibiotic resistance rate of E. cloacae isolates varied from 9.7% to 60.2%; among them, 78% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The highest quinolone resistance was observed in ESBL-producing strains of E. cloacae. The frequency of positive isolates for PMQR and ESBL was 79.6% and 57.5%, respectively. The genes aac(6′)-ib-cr (70.8%) and qnrB (38.1%) had the highest frequency among other genes. The number of isolates simultaneously carrying 2 and 3 genes was 64 and 5 isolates, respectively. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate a high degree of quinolone resistance among ESBL-producing E. cloacae strains. Nevertheless, there was a significant relationship between the PMQR gene and ESBL-positive isolates. Therefore, special attention should be paid to molecular epidemiological studies on antibiotic resistance to quinolones and beta-lactamases in these strains.