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"Ahmed, Ahmed El-Abd"
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Advanced applications of NLP and deep learning in social media data
\"The primary objective of this book is to build a better and safer social media space by making human language available on different social media platforms intelligible for machines with the blessings of AI. This book bridges the gap between Natural Language Processing (NLP), Advanced Machine(AML) and Deep Learning (DL), and Online Social Media. This book connects various interdisciplinary domains related to Natural Language Understanding, Deep machine Leaning Technology and will be highly beneficial for the students, researchers, and academicians working in this area as this book will cover state-of-the-art technologies around NLP and DML techniques and their role in Social Media Data Analysis. Furthermore, the OSN service providers will take the advantage of this book to update, modify and make better social platforms for its users. Psychiatrists and clinicians will also be beneficial as this book's main focus are to analyze the user behavior in Online Social networks which play a key ingredient in several psychological tests\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Colistin and its role in the Era of antibiotic resistance: an extended review (2000-2019)
Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these \"superbugs\". All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.
In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance.
Journal Article
A new statistical distribution via the Phi-4 equation with its wide-ranging applications
This paper presents a new framework based on nonlinear partial differential equations and statistics. For the nonlinear Phi-4 equation, the probability density function of the hyperbolic secant (HS) distribution has been obtained. Our model’s density has various shapes, including left-skewed, symmetric, and right-skewed. Eight distinct estimation approaches have been employed to estimate the parameters of our model. Additionally, the behavior of the HS model parameters was investigated using randomly generated data sets using these estimation techniques. Furthermore, we illustrate the applicability of the HS distribution for modeling real data by applying our results to real data. As a result, it is expected that our proposal will be of significant assistance to the community investigating new distributions based on hyperbolic functions and their applications to real-world data sets.
Journal Article
Synthesis and applicability of reduced graphene oxide/porphyrin nanocomposite as photocatalyst for waste water treatment and medical applications
This study presents the synthesis and doping of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with synthesized porphyrin (5,15-bisdodecyl porphyrin, C12P) nanoparticles to fabricate reduced graphene oxide-porphyrin (rGO-P) nanocomposite as well as demonstrates their outstanding removal activity of azo dye and antimicrobial potential. The synthesized porphyrin, rGO, and rGO-P nanocomposites were characterised using SEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD,
1
H-NMR, mass spectrometry, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The ability of the synthesized rGO-P nanocomposite was then investigated (as catalyst and/or adsorbent) to impact its removal efficacy against Congo red (CR) as a well-known toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic synthetic dye. The findings indicated that 0.01 g of rGO-P nanocomposite achieved 78.0% removal of CR at pH 3.0. Besides, the removal efficacy was evaluated while studying many aspects i.e. pH, CR initial concentration, and rGO-P nanocomposite amount. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition (ZOI) of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and yeast were evaluated. The antimicrobial results showed that rGO-P nanocomposite revealed the greatest antimicrobial activity against
Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis,
and
Staphylococcus aureus
with ZOI values of 24.3, 21.8, and 22.1 mm, respectively. Consequently, it demonstrates the substantial potential of rGO-P nanocomposite in the effective removal of pollutant dyes as well as significant antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Journal Article
Nutritional status and extended metabolic screening in Egyptian children with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes
Nutritional status assessment, including amino acids, carnitine, and acylcarnitine profile, is an important component of diabetes care management, influencing growth and metabolic regulation. A designed case–control research included 100 Egyptian participants (50 T1DM and 50 healthy controls) aged 6 to 18 years old. The participants' nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score. Extended metabolic screening (EMS) was performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy system to evaluate the levels of 14 amino acids, free carnitine, and 27 carnitine esters. T1DM children had considerably lower anthropometric Z-scores than the control group, with 16% undernutrition and 32% short stature. Total aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio, proline, arginine, leucine, isoleucine, free carnitine, and carnitine esters levels were considerably lower in the diabetic group, suggesting an altered amino acid and carnitine metabolism in type 1 diabetes. BMI Z-score showed a significant positive correlation with Leucine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Citrulline, Tyrosine, Arginine, Proline, free carnitine, and some carnitine esters (Acetylcarnitine, Hydroxy-Isovalerylcarnitine, Hexanoylcarnitine, Methylglutarylcarnitine, Dodecanoylcarnitine, Tetradecanoylcarnitine, and Hexadecanoylcarnitine). HbA1c% had a significant negative correlation with Total aromatic amino acids, Branched-chain amino acid/Total aromatic amino acids ratio, Glutamic Acid, Citrulline, Tyrosine, Arginine, Proline, and certain carnitine esters (Propionylcarnitine, Methylglutarylcarnitine, Decanoylcarnitine, Octadecanoylcarnitine and Octadecenoylcarnitine), suggest that dysregulated amino acid and carnitine metabolism may be negatively affect the glycaemic control in children with TIDM. In conclusion, regular nutritional assessments including EMS of T1DM patients are critical in terms of diet quality and protein content for improved growth and glycemic management.
Journal Article
Detection and description of a novel Psychrobacter glacincola infection in some Red Sea marine fishes in Hurghada, Egypt
An important food-producing sector in Egypt is aquaculture and fisheries; however, several pathogenic microorganisms lead to high mortalities and significant economic losses. The occurrence of
Psychrobacter glacincola
infection among 180 wild marine fishes collected from the Red sea at Hurghada, Egypt were investigated in the present study. The disease prevalence rate was 6.7%. The recovered isolates were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification. The study also investigated pathogenicity and the antibiogram profile of the recovered isolates. The clinical examination of the infected fish revealed various signs that included lethargy and sluggish movement, hemorrhages and ulcers on the body and the operculum, scale loss, and fin congestion and rot, especially at the tail fin. Furthermore, during postmortem examination, congestion of the liver, spleen, and kidney was observed. Interestingly, 12 isolates were recovered and were homogenous bacteriologically and biochemically. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene confirmed that MRB62 identified strain was closely related the genus Psychrobacter and identified as
P. glacincola
and was pathogenic to
Rhabdosargus haffara
fish, causing 23.3% mortality combined with reporting a series of clinical signs similar to that found in naturally infected fishes. The present study also showed that
P. glacincola
isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics used for sensitivity testing. Our findings add to the body of knowledge regarding the occurrence of pathogenic
P. glacincola
infection in Egyptian marine fishes and its potential effects on fish. Future large-scale surveys exploring this bacterium among other freshwater and marine fishes in Egypt would be helpful for the implementation of effective strategies for the prevention and control of this infection are warranted.
Journal Article
Volatiles Profiling, Allelopathic Activity, and Antioxidant Potentiality of Xanthium Strumarium Leaves Essential Oil from Egypt: Evidence from Chemometrics Analysis
The essential oil (EO) of Xanthium strumarium L. leaves (family: Asteraceae) was extracted by hydrodistillation, and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty-three essential compounds were identified. The sesquiterpenoids represented the major constituents (72.4%), including oxygenated (61.78%) and non-oxygenated (10.62%) sesquiterpenes, followed by monoterpenes (25.19%). The diterpenoids and oxygenated hydrocarbons were determined as minor compounds. The main constituents of the EO were 1,5-dimethyltetralin (14.27%), eudesmol (10.60%), l-borneol (6.59%), ledene alcohol (6.46%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (5.36%), isolongifolene, 7,8-dehydro-8a-hydroxy (5.06%), L-bornyl acetate (3.77%), and aristolene epoxide (3.58%). A comparative analysis was stated here between the EO of Egyptian X. strumarium and those previously reported from Pakistan, Iran, and Brazil based on chemometic tools such as principal components analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The EO of X. strumarium showed weak 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with IC50 321.93 µL/L−1, which was comparable to ascorbic acid as a reference. However, the EO exhibited significant allelopathic potential regarding the germination and growth of the noxious weed Bidens pilosa in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, further study is recommended to characterize the EO from X. strumarium as an eco-friendly green bioherbicide against weeds, as well as determine their mode of actions.
Journal Article
Assessment of risk factors and ultrasonographic characteristics for the differentiation between malignant and benign thyroid nodules in Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt
Background
Thyroid nodules (TNs) are frequent and often benign. Accurately differentiating between benign and malignant nodules is crucial for proper management. This research aims to use ultrasonography to examine TNs and identify possible risk factors in order to improve patient outcomes and diagnostic accuracy.
Methods
The study included 128 euthyroid participants who underwent thyroidectomy, splitted into two groups (benign and malignant) regarding the histopathological outcomes. Data on age, sex, family history of thyroid cancer and radiation exposure were collected. Ultrasound (US) was used to assess nodule number, size, vascularity and TIRAD scores. US Lymph node status was also evaluated. Statistical analysis compared benign and malignant nodules.
Results
No significant differences were found between benign and malignant groups regarding age, sex, family history, and radiation exposure. Significant differences were observed in nodule size (
p
< 0.05), echogenicity (
p
< 0.001), and margins (
p
< 0.05), with larger, hyper/isoechoic, and smooth-margined nodules more common in the benign group. TIRAD scores (
p
< 0.001) and lymph node status (
p
< 0.001) also differed significantly, with benign cases showing TR3 scores and non-suspicious lymph nodes, while malignant cases had more TR4 scores and suspicious lymph nodes. Additionally, malignant nodules were significantly more hypoechoic (
p
< 0.001). Most benign cases were nodular colloid hyperplasia, followed by follicular adenoma and thyroiditis. Most malignant cases were Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). PTC was associated with younger age (
p
= 0.006), smaller nodule size (
p
= 0.04), and hypoechoic nodules (
p
= 0.04).
Conclusion
Sex, age, family history of thyroid cancer, and radiation exposure history did not significantly vary between groups with benign and malignant thyroid tumors, according to the research. Higher TIRAD scores and hypoechoic nodules were more common in malignant nodules. Benign nodules had smoother margins, were bigger, and were more likely to be hyper/isoechoic.
Journal Article
In vitro and computational insights revealing the potential inhibitory effect of Tanshinone IIA against influenza A virus
Seasonal human influenza is a serious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses that can be found all over the world. Type A influenza is a contagious viral infection that, if left untreated, can lead to life-threatening consequences. Fortunately, the plant kingdom has many potent medicines with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Herein, six plant constituents, namely Tanshinone IIA 1, Carnosic acid 2, Rosmarinic acid 3, Glycyrrhetinic acid 4, Baicalein 5, and Salvianolic acid B 6, were screened for their antiviral activities against H1N1 virus using in vitro and in silico approaches. Hence, their anti-influenza activities were tested in vitro to determine inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values after measuring their CC50 values using MTT assay on MDCK cells. Interestingly, Tanshinone IIA (TAN) 1 was the most promising member with CC50 = 9.678 μg/ml. Moreover, the plaque reduction assay carried on TAN 1 revealed promising viral inhibition percentages of 97.9%, 95.8%, 94.4%, and 91.7% using concentrations 0.05 μg/μl, 0.025 μg/μl, 0.0125 μg/μl, and 0.006 μg/μl, respectively. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking disclosed the superior affinities of Salvianolic acid B (SAL) 6 towards both surface glycoproteins of influenza A virus (namely, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)). The docked complexes of both SAL and TAN inside HA and NA receptor pockets were selected for 100 ns MD simulations followed by MM-GBSA binding free energy calculation to confirm the docking results and give more insights regarding the stability of both compounds inside influenza mentioned receptors, respectively. The selection criteria of the previously mentioned complexes were based on the fact that SAL showed the highest docking scores on both viral HA and NA glycoproteins whereas TAN achieved the best inhibitory activity on the other hand. Finally, we urge more advanced preclinical and clinical research, particularly for TAN, which could be used to treat the human influenza A virus effectively.
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•Tanshinone IIA, Carnosic acid, Rosmarinic acid, Glycyrrhetinic acid, Baicalein, and Salvianolic acid B were screened for their antiviral activities against H1N1 virus using in vitro and in silico approaches.•Tanshinone IIA revealed promising viral inhibitions of 97.9, 95.8, 94.4, and 91.7% at concentrations 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, and 0.006 μg/μl, respectively.•In silico molecular docking and dynamics disclosed the superior affinities of Salvianolic acid B towards both surface glycoproteins of influenza A virus (namely, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)).
Journal Article