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A flexible quad-port MIMO antenna with good isolation features with both flat and bending configurations is presented and investigated in this work. The single unit of the MIMO is composed of a crescent-shaped monopole antenna connected with a curved coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed to enhance the operating bandwidth. A thin and flexible Roger 3003 material with thickness = 0.13 mm, εr = 3, and tan δ = 0.001 is used. To improve the isolation between ports which in turn improves the performance of the MIMO system, the single unit antenna is repeated four times and placed orthogonal to each other. A 54 mm × 54 mm × 0.13 mm (0.63λo × 0.63λo × 0.0015λo @ 3.5 GHz) is the total size of the quad ports MIMO antenna. The flexible MIMO antennas in both flat and bending layouts are simulated, tested and the outcomes achieved S 11  < − 10 dB from 3.5 GHz up to 11 GHz with mutual coupling ≤ − 17 dB between ports. The radiation patterns of the MIMO antenna are tested with 5 dB peak gain and with semi-omnidirectional and bidirectional patterns in both two planes. The Diversity Gain (DG) values ≥ 9.9 dB through the designed working band, Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC) lower than 0.03 from 3.5 GHz to 4 GHz and lower than 0.01 from 4 to 11 GHz, and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) value ≤ 0.5 bit/s/Hz over the worked band are calculated and extracted in flat and bending configurations and achieved suitable values which support the suggested antenna in the UWB flexible networks.

Background Irinotecan is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat a variety of tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In the intestine, it is transformed into SN-38 by gut microbial enzymes, which is responsible for its toxicity during excretion. Objective Our study highlights the impact of Irinotecan on gut microbiota composition and the role of probiotics in limiting Irinotecan-associated diarrhea and suppressing gut bacterial β-glucuronidase enzymes. Material and methods To investigate the effect of Irinotecan on the gut microbiota composition, we applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing in three groups of stool samples from healthy individuals, colon cancer, and Irinotecan treated patients ( n  = 5/group). Furthermore, three Lactobacillus spp.; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) , Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ( L. rhamnosus) were used in a single and mixed form to in-vitro explore the effect of probiotics on the expression of β-glucuronidase gene from E. coli . Also, probiotics were introduced in single and mixed forms in groups of mice before the administration of Irinotecan, and their protective effects were explored by assessing the level of reactive oxidative species (ROS) as well as studying the concomitant intestinal inflammation and apoptosis. Results The gut microbiota was disturbed in individuals with colon cancer and after Irinotecan treatment. In the healthy group, Firmicutes were more abundant than Bacteriodetes, which was the opposite in the case of colon-cancer or Irinotecan treated groups. Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were markedly present within the healthy group, while Cyanobacteria were noted in colon-cancer and the Irinotecan-treated groups. Enterobacteriaceae and genus Dialister were more abundant in the colon-cancer group than in other groups. The abundance of Veillonella , Clostridium , Butryicicoccus, and Prevotella were increased in Irinotecan-treated groups compared to other groups. Using Lactobacillus spp. mixture in mice models significantly relieved Irinotecan-induced diarrhea through the reduction of both β-glucuronidase expression and ROS, in addition to guarding gut epithelium against microbial dysbiosis and proliferative crypt injury. Conclusions Irinotecan-based chemotherapy altered intestinal microbiota. The gut microbiota participates greatly in determining both the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapies, of which the toxicity of Irinotecan is caused by the bacterial ß-glucuronidase enzymes. The gut microbiota can now be aimed and modulated to promote efficacy and decrease the toxicity of chemotherapeutics. The used probiotic regimen in this study lowered mucositis, oxidative stress, cellular inflammation, and apoptotic cascade induction of Irinotecan.

\"The book discusses biological and non-biological Foreign Object Debris (FOD) and associated Foreign Object Damage (FOD) in aviation. Written for aviation industry personnel, aircraft transport and ground operators, and aircraft pilots, the reader will learn to manage FOD to guarantee air traffic safety with minimum costs to airlines and airports. Management control for the debris begins at the aircraft design phase, and the book includes numerical analyses for estimating damage caused by strikes. The book explores aircraft operation in adverse weather conditions and inanimate FOD management programs for airports, airlines, airframe, and engine manufacturers\"-- Provided by publisher.

A very practical method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical carbamide derivatives in good to excellent yield was presented, without the need for any catalyst and at room temperature. Using a facile and robust protocol, fifteen unsymmetrical carbamide derivatives ( 9–23 ) bearing different aliphatic amine moieties were designed and synthesized by the reaction of secondary aliphatic amines with isocyanate derivatives in the presence of acetonitrile as an appropriate solvent in good to excellent yields. Trusted instruments like IR, mass spectrometry, NMR spectra, and elemental analyses were employed to validate the purity and chemical structures of the synthesized compounds. All the synthesized compounds were tested as antimicrobial agents against some clinically bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium , Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans . Compounds 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 and 22 showed potent antimicrobial activity with promising MIC values compared to the positive controls. Moreover, compounds 15 and 22 provide a potent lipid peroxidation (LPO) of the bacterial cell wall. On the other hand, we investigated the anti-proliferative activity of compounds 9–23 against selected human cancerous cell lines of breast (MCF-7), colon (HCT-116), and lung (A549) relative to healthy noncancerous control skin fibroblast cells (BJ-1). The mechanism of their cytotoxic activity has been also examined by immunoassaying the levels of key anti- and pro-apoptotic protein markers. The results of MTT assay revealed that compounds 10 , 13 , 21 , 22 and 23 possessed highly cytotoxic effects. Out of these, three synthesized compounds 13 , 21 and 22 showed cytotoxicity with IC 50 values ( 13 , IC 50  = 62.4 ± 0.128 and 22 , IC 50  = 91.6 ± 0.112 µM, respectively, on MCF-7), ( 13 , IC 50  = 43.5 ± 0.15 and 21 , IC 50  = 38.5 ± 0.17 µM, respectively, on HCT-116). Cell cycle and apoptosis/necrosis assays demonstrated that compounds 13 and 22 induced S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells, while only compound 13 had this effect on HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, compound 13 exhibited the greatest potency in inducing apoptosis in both cell lines compared to compounds 21 and 22 . Docking studies indicated that compounds 10 , 13 , 21 and 23 could potentially inhibit enzymes and exert promising antimicrobial effects, as evidenced by their lower binding energies and various types of interactions observed at the active sites of key enzymes such as Sterol 14-demethylase of C. albicans , Dihydropteroate synthase of S. aureus , LasR of P. aeruginosa , Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase of K . pneumenia and Gyrase B of B. subtilis . Moreover, 13 , 21 , and 22 demonstrated minimal binding energy and favorable affinity towards the active pocket of anticancer receptor proteins, including CDK2, EGFR, Erα, Topoisomerase II and VEGFFR. Physicochemical properties, drug-likeness, and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) parameters of the selected compounds were also computed.

Driver drowsiness is a leading cause of road accidents, resulting in significant societal, economic, and emotional losses. This paper introduces a novel and robust deep learning-based framework for real-time driver drowsiness detection, leveraging state-of-the-art transformer architectures and transfer learning models to achieve unprecedented accuracy and reliability. The proposed methodology addresses key challenges in drowsiness detection by integrating advanced data preprocessing techniques, including image normalization, augmentation, and region-of-interest selection using Haar Cascade classifiers. We employ the MRL Eye Dataset to classify eye states into “Open-Eyes” and “Close-Eyes,” evaluating a range of models, including Vision Transformer (ViT), Swin Transformer, and fine-tuned transfer learning models such as VGG19, DenseNet169, ResNet50V2, InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, and MobileNet. The ViT and Swin Transformer models achieved groundbreaking accuracy rates of 99.15% and 99.03%, respectively, outperforming all other models in precision, recall, and F1-score. To ensure the generalization and robustness of the proposed models, we also evaluate their performance on the NTHU-DDD and CEW datasets, which provide diverse real-world scenarios and challenging conditions. This represents a significant advancement over existing methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of transformer-based architectures in capturing complex spatial dependencies and extracting relevant features for drowsiness detection. The proposed system also incorporates a real-time drowsiness scoring mechanism, which triggers alarms when prolonged eye closure is detected, ensuring timely intervention to prevent accidents. A key novelty of this work lies in the integration of Class Activation Mapping (CAM) for enhanced model interpretability, allowing the system to focus on critical eye regions and improve decision-making transparency. The system was rigorously tested under varying lighting conditions and scenarios involving glasses, showcasing its robustness and adaptability for real-world deployment. By combining cutting-edge deep learning techniques with real-time processing capabilities, this research offers a contactless, reliable, and efficient solution for driver drowsiness detection, significantly contributing to improved road safety and accident prevention. The proposed framework sets a new benchmark in drowsiness detection, highlighting its potential for widespread adoption in advanced driver assistance systems.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and in severe cases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with ARDS-COVID-19. This study involved 197 male Egyptian participants, among them111 COVID-19 patients presented with ARDS, 60 COVID-19 patients presented with non-ARDS, and 26 Non-COVID-19 patients. We reported the analysis results of clinical and laboratory information, including blood routine tests, blood biochemistry parameters [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP)], thrombotic activity (D-dimer) and serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The levels of hemoglobin, AST, creatinine, monocyte count, monocyte %, RBC count, TLC, and platelet count were not significantly different among the groups. The lymphopenia and increased CRP, ALT, D-dimer, ferritin, and LDH were observed in patients with ARDS-COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with ARDS presented with lymphopenia, increased thrombotic activity, increased CRP, LDH, and ferritin levels. The results revealed that CRP, D-dimer, LDH levels, and lymphopenia have a significant association with the COVID-19 severity and can be used as biomarkers to predict the disease severity.