Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
77
result(s) for
"Ahsan, Kazi"
Sort by:
A Microbiota-Directed Food Intervention for Undernourished Children
This study of the effect of a microbiota-directed supplement on the growth of young children with moderate acute malnutrition included tests of association between changes in growth and changes in the plasma proteome and fecal microbiota.
Journal Article
Duodenal Microbiota in Stunted Undernourished Children with Enteropathy
Duodenal and plasma biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction that were identified through analyses of duodenal biopsy samples and the plasma of growth-stunted children were found to induce enteropathy of the small intestine in gnotobiotic mice.
Journal Article
First record on size at sexual maturity and optimum catchable length of 10 marine fishes from the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh) through multi-models approach: a key for sound fisheries management
Appropriate management systems for the protection of fishes are mostly relying on the information of size at sexual maturity and optimum catchable length. The purpose of this research was to estimate the size at sexual maturity (
L
m
) and optimum catchable length (
L
opt
) of 10 marine fish species from the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh) through multi-models using commercial catches from October 2019 to September 2020. Also, we calculated the
L
m
and
L
opt
of these species from worldwide water bodies based on maximum length (
L
max
). A total of 2967 specimens of 10 fish species were evaluated in the current study and total length (TL) was noted up to 0.1 cm using a measuring board, while body weight (BW) and gonad weight (GW) are weighed by digital electronic balance with 0.01 g accuracy. To assess the
L
m
, three different models such as (i) empirical model based on
L
max
, (ii) the relationship between TL (total length in cm) vs. GSI (gonadosomatic index in %), and (iii) logistic model were considered and
L
opt
was assessed based on
L
∞
. The estimated lowest
L
m
was 11.8 cm (
L
max
-
based), 12.8 cm (TL vs. GSI), and 13.7 cm (logistic model) for
Thryssa setirostris
and highest
L
m
was 23.3, 20.5, and 22.0 cm for
Priacanthus macracanthus
through
L
max
, TL vs. GSI, and logistic-based models, respectively. From these three models, the lowest mean value of
L
m
was obtained for
T. setirostris
(12.7 cm) and highest was recorded for
P. macracanthus
(21.9 cm). Fifty percent of mature marine species was in 14.9 cm TL and 90% species was in 19.5 cm TL. The smallest
L
opt
was obtained as 13.4 cm TL for
T. setirostris
and largest was 28.2 cm TL for
P. macracanthus
. This study was generated data on
L
m
and
L
opt
for 10 newly marine species, which are globally absent. Therefore, this study will be helpful for developing sustainable management strategies and conservation of marine fishes through the implementation of mesh size based on the size at sexual maturity (
L
m
) and optimum catchable length (
L
opt
).
Journal Article
Enhancing inference of differential gene expression in metatranscriptomes from human microbial communities
Metatranscriptomic (MTX) sequencing quantifies gene expression from the collective genomes of microbial communities (microbiomes), enabling assessment of functional activity rather than functional potential. While differential expression testing is essential for RNA-sequencing analysis, current metatranscriptomic approaches have only been benchmarked on simulated data, resulting in a lack of standard practices for analysis of real datasets. Here, we use mock communities (defined mixtures of microbial cells with known properties) to quantitatively assess robustness and susceptibility of current approaches to various confounders including organisms’ low relative abundance, differential abundance, low prevalence, global transcriptional output changes, and compositional effects. We show that no current method is robust to all confounders and method performance on simulated data does not generalize to real datasets. We then apply the same approaches to MTX datasets generated from gnotobiotic mice colonized with defined consortia of human bacterial strains and show that the method nominated by the mock community comparisons successfully inferred cross-feeding dynamics that were subsequently validated in vitro. Finally, using metagenome-assembled genomes from a human clinical study, we leverage genome-level sequencing depth and detection of genes to exclude low information samples on a per-organism basis to overcome confounding low prevalence and enhance differential expression inference. We conclude that MTX benchmarking on real, non-simulated datasets can and should guide choice of methods and their implementation, enabling inference and validation of microbial metabolic strategies and interactions in vivo.
Here, the authors show that differential expression benchmarking for microbial community gene expression (metatranscriptomics) using cultured mock community samples as well as metatranscriptomes from humans and gnotobiotic animals improves inference of metabolic strategies.
Journal Article
DNA barcoding of brackish and marine water fishes and shellfishes of Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem
The present study aims to apply a DNA barcoding tool through amplifying two mitochondrial candidate genes i.e., COI and 16S rRNA for accurate identification of fish, aquatic molluscs and crustaceans of Sundarbans mangrove wetland, to build a reference library of fish and shellfishes of this unique ecosystems. A total of 185 mitochondrial COI barcode sequences and 59 partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were obtained from 120 genera, 65 families and 21 orders of fish, crustaceans and molluscs. The collected samples were first identified by examining morphometric characteristics and then assessed by DNA barcoding. The COI and 16S rRNA sequences of fishes and crustaceans were clearly discriminated among genera in their phylogenies. The average Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distances of COI barcode sequences within species, genera, and families of fishes are 1.57±0.06%, 15.16±0.23%, and 17.79±0.02%, respectively, and for 16S rRNA sequences, these values are 1.74±.8%, 0.97±.8%, and 4.29±1.3%, respectively. The minimum and maximum K2P distance based divergences in COI sequences of fishes are 0.19% and 36.27%, respectively. In crustaceans, the K2P distances within genera, families, and orders are 1.4±0.03%, 17.73±0.15%, and 22.81±0.02%, respectively and the minimum and maximum divergences are 0.2% and 33.93%, respectively. Additionally, the present study resolves the misidentification of the mud crab species of the Sundarbans as Scylla olivacea which was previously stated as Scylla serrata . In case of molluscs, values of interspecific divergence ranges from 17.43% to 66.3% in the barcoded species. The present study describes the development of a molecular and morphometric cross-referenced inventory of fish and shellfish of the Sundarbans. This inventory will be useful in future biodiversity studies and in forming future conservation plan.
Journal Article
Pediatric cancer risk in association with birth defects: A systematic review
Many epidemiological studies have examined associations between birth defects (BDs) and pediatric malignancy over the past several decades. Our objective was to conduct a systematic literature review of studies reporting on this association.
We used librarian-designed searches of the PubMed Medline and Embase databases to identify primary research articles on pediatric neoplasms and BDs. English language articles from PubMed and Embase up to 10/12/2015, and in PubMed up to 5/12/2017 following an updated search, were eligible for inclusion if they reported primary epidemiological research results on associations between BDs and pediatric malignancies. Two reviewers coded each article based on the title and abstract to identify eligible articles that were abstracted using a structured form. Additional articles were identified through reference lists and other sources. Results were synthesized for pediatric cancers overall and for nine major pediatric cancer subtypes.
A total of 14,778 article citations were identified, of which 80 met inclusion criteria. Pediatric cancer risk was increased in most studies in association with BDs overall with some notable specific findings, including increased risks for CNS tumors in association with CNS abnormalities and positive associations between rib anomalies and several pediatric cancer types.
Some children born with BDs may be at increased risk for specific pediatric malignancy types. This work provides a foundation for future investigations that are needed to clarify specific BD types predisposing toward malignancy and possible underlying causes of both BDs and malignancy.
Journal Article
DNA barcoding of reef‐associated fishes of Saint Martin's Island, Northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
This study employs the DNA barcoding approach to make a molecular taxonomic catalog of reef fishes of Saint Martin's Island (SMI), an ecologically critical area (ECA), and Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Bangladesh. DNA barcoding, along with morphological analysis, confirmed 84 reef‐associated fish species in SMI belonging to 16 orders, 39 families, and 67 genera. A total of 184 sequences were obtained in this study where 151 sequences (534–604 bp) of 81 species were identified from the COI barcode gene and 33 sequences (609 bp) of 19 species from the 16S rRNA gene region which were submitted to the GenBank and Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). Among these sequences, 70 sequences of the COI gene and 16 sequences of 16S rRNA gene region from 41 species were submitted for the first time into the GenBank from Bangladesh. For molecular characterization analysis, another 37 sequences of 15 reef fish species of SMI were added from previous studies, making a total of 221 DNA sequences which comprised 179 sequences of 96 species for the COI gene and 42 sequences of 26 species for the 16S rRNA gene region. The COI sequences contain 145 haplotypes with 337 polymorphic sites, and the mean genetic distances within species, genera, and families were calculated as 0.34%, 12.26%, and 19.03%, respectively. On the contrary, 16S rRNA sequences comprised 31 haplotypes with 241 polymorphic sites, and the mean genetic divergences within species, genera, and families were 0.94%, 4.72%, and 12.43%, respectively. This study is a significant contribution to the marine biodiversity of Bangladesh which would facilitate the assessment of species diversity for strategizing management action. It is also an important input to the DNA barcode library of reef fishes of the northern Bay of Bengal.
Journal Article
Prospects and challenges of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding in mangrove restoration in Southeast Asia
Species detection using environmental DNA (eDNA) is a biomonitoring tool that can be widely applied to mangrove restoration and management. Compared to traditional surveys that are taxa-specific and time-consuming, eDNA metabarcoding offers a rapid, non-invasive and cost-efficient method for monitoring mangrove biodiversity and characterising the spatio-temporal distribution of multiple taxa simultaneously. General guidelines for eDNA metabarcoding are well-established for aquatic systems, but habitat-specific guidelines are still lacking. Mangrove habitats, as priority ecosystems for restoration in Southeast Asia, present unique prospects and challenges in these regards. Environmental DNA metabarcoding can be used to (1) track functional recovery in ecological restoration, (2) prioritise conservation areas, (3) provide early warning for threats, (4) monitor threatened taxa, (5) monitor response to climate change, and (6) support community-based restoration. However, these potential applications have yet been realized in Southeast Asia due to (1) technical challenges, (2) lack of standardised methods, (3) spatio-temporal difficulties in defining community, (4) data limitations, and (5) lack of funding, infrastructure and technical capacity. Successful implementation of eDNA metabarcoding in mangrove restoration activities would encourage the development of data-driven coastal management and equitable conservation programs. Eventually, this would promote Southeast Asia’s shared regional interests in food security, coastal defence and biodiversity conservation.
Journal Article
An Insight into Pathophysiological Features and Therapeutic Advances on Ependymoma
Glial cells comprise the non-sensory parts of the central nervous system as well as the peripheral nervous system. Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, constitute a significant portion of the mammalian nervous system and can be viewed simply as a matrix of neural cells. Despite being the “Nervenkitt” or “glue of the nerves”, they aptly serve multiple roles, including neuron repair, myelin sheath formation, and cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Ependymal cells are one of four kinds of glial cells that exert distinct functions. Tumorigenesis of a glial cell is termed a glioma, and in the case of an ependymal cell, it is called an ependymoma. Among the various gliomas, an ependymoma in children is one of the more challenging brain tumors to cure. Children are afflicted more severely by ependymal tumors than adults. It has appeared from several surveys that ependymoma comprises approximately six to ten percent of all tumors in children. Presently, the surgical removal of the tumor is considered a standard treatment for ependymomas. It has been conspicuously evident that a combination of irradiation therapy and surgery is much more efficacious in treating ependymomas. The main purpose of this review is to present the importance of both a deep understanding and ongoing research into histopathological features and prognoses of ependymomas to ensure that effective diagnostic methods and treatments can be developed.
Journal Article