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Effective communication in healthcare is a cornerstone for ensuring patient safety and optimal clinical outcomes. This narrative review explores the impact of poor communication between nurses and internal medicine physicians on patient safety. The review highlights how communication breakdowns contribute to medication errors, diagnostic delays, and suboptimal care coordination. Drawing on case studies and evidence, this paper also examines the psychological and workplace challenges that arise from inadequate communication, including stress, reduced morale, and strained interprofessional collaboration. Proposed solutions such as standardized communication tools (e.g., SBAR), interdisciplinary team meetings, and enhanced training programs are discussed to mitigate these barriers and foster a culture of effective collaboration. By addressing these issues, healthcare institutions can significantly enhance patient safety and care quality.Aim of work: The aim of this review is to examine the critical impact of poor communication between nurses and internal medicine physicians on patient safety. It seeks to identify the common barriers that hinder effective communication in healthcare settings, such as hierarchical structures, workload pressures, and differences in professional training. Additionally, the review explores the adverse consequences of communication breakdowns, including medication errors, diagnostic delays, and compromised care transitions. By analyzing case studies and existing evidence, this work highlights the significance of addressing these challenges and proposes evidence-based strategies, such as standardized communication tools, interdisciplinary meetings, and targeted training programs, to foster better collaboration and improve patient outcomes. Ultimately, the review emphasizes the importance of creating a culture that prioritizes clear, respectful, and efficient communication within healthcare teams to enhance patient safety and care quality.

Background: Healthcare systems globally face complex challenges including rising costs, increasing chronic disease burden, and fragmentation of care. Systems-based models represent promising approaches to healthcare transformation, yet their implementation remains incompletely understood. Objective: To critically analyze the Saudi model of Care (MoC) as a case study of systems-based healthcare transformation, examining its conceptual framework, implementation strategies, and projected health outcomes. Methods: We conducted a narrative review synthesizing publicly available official documents on the Saudi MoC, primarily the 2017 overview and 2025 revision, identified through targeted searches of Ministry of Health websites and grey literature portals (no date restrictions); formal quality appraisal was not applied as sources were official policy documents, with bias mitigated through cross-verification and critical analysis. Results: The Saudi MoC exemplifies systems-based transformation through its multi-layered framework organized around six patient-centered systems of care spanning the lifecycle. Key innovations include: (1) an architectural approach integrating activated individuals, healthy communities, virtual care, and traditional clinical settings; (2) a comprehensive intervention taxonomy with 42 specific initiatives; (3) explicit contextual adaptations for diverse settings; and (4) a phased implementation approach with detailed performance metrics. National indicators improved during the reform period, including life expectancy and maternal and child health. These are national trends observed during the period of health reforms. Causal attribution to the Model of Care requires a counterfactual evaluation. Conclusions: This analysis of the Saudi MoC contributes to the literature on systems-based healthcare transformation by illuminating how theoretical principles can be operationalized at national scale. The model’s patient-centered design, comprehensive intervention taxonomy, and attention to implementation factors offer valuable insights for other healthcare systems pursuing transformation. Further research should examine actual implementation outcomes as the model matures.

Medical laboratories are essential components of modern healthcare systems, directly impacting diagnostic accuracy, treatment decisions, and patient outcomes. The work environment within these laboratories plays a pivotal role in enhancing both operational efficiency and the quality of laboratory results. This review explores the profound impact of work environments on the well-being and performance of laboratory professionals, emphasizing the importance of supportive, safe, and collaborative work environments. The review discusses various factors, including job satisfaction, stress reduction, professional development, teamwork, and adoption of advanced technology, that collectively contribute to improved laboratory efficiency. Additionally, strategies such as the 5S methodology and strong leadership are highlighted as key drivers for promoting high-quality work and life environments. The review also delves into the responsibilities of medical laboratory professionals, employers, and healthcare leadership in creating ideal working conditions.

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a global health concern that significantly impacts morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Early detection and comprehensive care have been shown to improve outcomes, but access to accurate and cost-effective diagnostic tools remains a challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional laboratory methods, such as electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, high-performance liquid chromatography, and DNA identification techniques, are highly accurate but often inaccessible due to high costs, resource limitations, and logistical barriers. This review examines the advantages and limitations of current SCD diagnostic techniques and explores recent advancements in point-of-care testing (POCT) that aim to improve access to screening and diagnosis. Emerging POCT methods, including lateral flow strips, paper-based tests, smartphone-based diagnostics, aqueous multiphase systems, HemeChip, microfluidic paper-based devices, shear gradient microfluidic adhesion systems, electrical impedance microflow cytometry, and spatio-temporal cell dynamics analysis, offer promising alternatives for resource-limited settings. However, these techniques must address challenges related to sensitivity, specificity, cost, portability, and training requirements. The integration of innovative POCT technologies with traditional laboratory methods has the potential to enhance early detection and treatment of SCD, ultimately reducing the global burden of the disease. Collaborative efforts between global health organizations, governments, and research institutions are crucial for developing, scaling, and implementing accessible diagnostic solutions for SCD in underserved populations.