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Electronic journalism is considered a new media medium that has emerged at the level of the Arab national and even local media arena, and this new media would have emerged only as an inevitable result of, on the other hand, the significant advancements in the fields of information and communication technologies and Internet traffic. In Algeria, e-journalism has taken on a new and unique technical form., which contributed to changing professional and media practice and highlighted several journalistic ethical challenges.

Nomophobia refers to a psychological state in which individuals experience anxiety or fear at the thought of being disconnected from their mobile phone. The Nomophobia Questionnaire was developed to assess dimensions of nomophobia among native English-speaking populations. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Nomophobia Questionnaire in the Tunisian context based on Western Arabic dialects. This cross-sectional design using a non-probability sampling method was conducted from September 05 to October 06, 2022. A total of 644 participants, with an average age of 21.04 ± 1.59 years, completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and an Arabic version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire. Participants were divided into two groups to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The first group consisted of 200 students (56% female and 44% male with an average age of 21.10 ± 1.64), with 33% (n = 66) freshmen, 41.5% second-year students (n = 83) and 25.5% (n = 51) of third-year students. The second group was collected one month later in the same establishment and was composed of 444 students (52% men and 48% female with an average age of 21.01 ± 1.57). The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 20 items and the second order four-factor structure should be retained. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Arabic version of the NMP-Q gave the following statistics: χ2/df= 1.47; Fit Index = 0.997; Adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.996; Tucker-Lewis index = 1.003; Comparative Fit Index = 1; Root mean square error of approximation = 0.000 (90% CI 0-0) and standardized mean residual = 0.030, indicating good model fit. McDonald's ω internal consistency indexes for the four factors, namely giving up convenience, not being able to access information, not being able to communicate, and losing connectedness were 0.821, 0.841, 0.851, and 0.897, respectively. These values demonstrated good scale consistency. The Arabic Version of the Nomophobia questionnaire has been found to be a reliable and valid psychometric tool, and can be effectively used to measure nomophobia in countries where western Arabic dialects are spoken.

This study had a twofold purpose: (a) to create an Arabic version of the Coaches-Athletes Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) and (b) to assess its psychometric qualities in the context of Tunisia, as well as its sensitivity in other sports populations. The researchers conducted an online survey of 594 amateur athletes from different sports clubs in Tunisia. For the exploratory factor analysis, 157 athletes aged 22.72 ± 3.78 years were randomly selected, while confirmatory data were collected from 482 athletes aged 22.74 ± 7.63. The study found a three-factor structure through principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. CFA fit indices showed acceptable results for both second-order and first-order. The scale had excellent internal consistency for all three factors and total score, but only partially established sensitivity for the complementarity dimension. Gender and type of sport showed significant differences for the complementarity dimension. Cronbach's Alpha, McDonald's ω, and Guttmann's λ6 coefficients were all high at 0.88, 0.89, and 0.94, respectively. Overall, the results suggest ACART-Q is a valid instrument for assessing the coach/athlete relationship in the Tunisian context. The study provided valuable insights into its psychometric qualities and the questionnaire could be used by coaches, researchers, and athletes to improve their relationships and performance.

No Arabic version of the Revised Cognitive-Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS-R) was found, prompting this study's threefold objectives: first, to validate an Arabic translation of CAMS-R among Tunisian students; second, to assess its factor structure and reliability; and third, to explore its validity by investigating the relationship between CAMS-R scores, grit, and academic success. Cross-sectional online data were collected from 705 university physical education students (mean age 21.62 ± 1.38 years) in two distinct time periods, with participants divided into exploratory and confirmatory samples. The 12-item CAMS-R scale underwent both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), confirming a second-order structure (χ 2 (53) = 77.997, p = 0.014; χ 2 /df = 1.47; Comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.995; CFI = 0.994; RMSEA (90% confidence interval [CI] 0-0.013-0.042) = 0.029. Strong internal consistency was indicated by Cronbach α indices ranging from 0.865 to 0.880 for all subscales. Results from ROC curve analysis revealed the Arabic CAMS-R's ability to distinguish effectively between students with low and high-grade point averages (GPA; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.782, CI 95%: 0.726-0.838, p < 0.001), confirming its sensitivity. Convergent and discriminant validity were supported by the average variance extracted (AVE) of the four scale factors and adherence to the Fornell and Larcker discriminant validity criterion. Additionally, CAMS-R scores displayed positive associations with GPA and grit scores, establishing the concurrent validity of the scale. In conclusion, these findings collectively suggest that the Arabic version of CAMS-R is a recommended self-report assessment tool for mindfulness in Tunisia and other Arabic countries.

Nowadays, digital gaming occupies a central position in the entertainment industry where it has developed into a cherished kind of entertainment in markets all over the world. In addition, it provides other sectors with various social and economic benefits. The Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) is a free, quantitative, and comprehensive self-report measure that was developed to assess the player game experience. Despite having been widely used by many research projects in the past, it has not been adapted into Arabic. Furthermore, several components of the scale proved problematic from a psychometric point of view. Therefore, a modified version of the scale is needed to measure the gaming experience of the Arab population. The aim of this study was to validate and examine the psychometrics of an adapted Arabic version of the GEQ in Tunisia. A total of 771 volunteer participants completed an online survey, which included an Arabic version of the GEQ, gaming data, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Subjects were randomized in order to complete two phases of the study: exploratory and confirmatory. The exploratory data were acquired from 360 respondents whose mean age was 23.89 (SD 2.29) years. Out of 360 respondents, 111 (30.8%) were female and 249 (69.2%) were male. Confirmatory data were obtained from the remaining 411 subjects whose mean age was 21.94 (SD 1.80) years. Out of 411 subjects, 169 (41.1%) were female and 242 (58.9%) were male. After the elimination of two items, the exploratory and the confirmatory factor analyses provided an adequate factor structure of the Arabic version of the GEQ. In addition, the internal consistency coefficients suggested the reliability of the instrument. Significant differences were revealed for three subcomponents: flow by age (η =0.013, P=.002), gender (η =0.007, P=.02), and game type (η =0.03, P<.001). For competence (η =0.01, P=.03) and immersion (η =0.02, P=.01), significant differences were highlighted by the type of game. The discriminant and convergent validities of the instrument were supported by calculating the average variance extracted (AVE) and comparing the square roots of the AVE values to the correlation coefficients, respectively. The Arabic adapted version of the GEQ is valid and reliable and can be administered to measure the game experience in Arab countries.