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•Evaluation of the nutritional status of hospitalized children should be routinized.•Each hospitalized child should be evaluated by one of the scoring systems.•Using only one screening tool may give inaccurate results for some patients.•Using of anthropometric measurements may provide additional value. Many screening methods, such as the Screening Tool Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) and the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), have been developed to detect malnutrition in pediatric patients. We aimed to explore the prevalence of malnutrition risk in hospitalized children via symptoms and identification of contributing factors, and to examine the efficacy of malnutrition screening tools for hospitalized children. STRONGkids and PYMS were applied to 1513 inpatients at 37 hospitals in 26 cities from different regions of Turkey. Physical measurements were collected at hospital admission and at discharge. z-Scores of height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index–for–age were calculated. Overall, 1513 patients were included in the study. A body mass index standard deviation score of less than −2 was present in 9.5% of the study population at hospital admission, whereas 11.2% of the participants had a weight-for-length/height score of less than −2 at hospital admission. According to STRONGkids results, the proportion of the patients with an underlying chronic disease was higher for the patients at high risk of malnutrition than for the patients at medium or low risk (91% compared with 47% or 45%, respectively). PYMS results indicated that patients at high risk of malnutrition have more chronic diseases (75%) than the patients at medium or low risk of malnutrition (55% and 44%, respectively). Use of anthropometric measurements in addition to screening tools to identify hospital malnutrition (such as PYMS, STRONGkids) will prevent some nutritional risk patients from being overlooked.

Aim:Nowadays, insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate are seen as an important health problem. The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies in pregnant women and their babies at birth.Materials and Methods:The study group consisted of 117 pregnant women and their single, term babies in İzmir Ege Maternity Hospital. Analysis of vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine levels were performed from venous blood samples which were obtained from the mother and cord blood at birth. Additionally, a questionnaire using a face-to-face interview method was performed with the pregnant women included in this study. The mean duration of pregnancy was 39.1±0.89 weeks and the mean age of the mothers was 28.2±6.2 years.Conclusion:Low maternal vitamin B12 levels are strongly associated with low cord blood vitamin B12 levels. This data reveals that vitamin B12 deficiency which can occur from the neonatal period is a preventable public health problem. Pregnant women and physicians should be made aware of the importance of vitamin B12 intake during pregnancy.Results:Vitamin B12 deficiency (<130 pg/mL) was present in 88.9% of mothers and 56% of babies. Folate deficiency (<4 ng/mL) was found in 6.8% of mothers, but not found in any babies. The homocysteine levels were high (>8 µmol/L) in 58.1% of mothers and 63.2% of babies. There was a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine levels (p<0.01). However, there was no correlation between maternal vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels (p=0.016, p=0.354).

This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the Turkish population in Northern Cyprus. The secondary aim of this study was to assess the impact of the universal infant hepatitis B vaccination program, which started in 1998. A total of 600 persons 1- to 30-years-old were selected for the study with cluster sampling. The information on sociodemographic characteristics was gathered for each participant and in 585 of them, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (anti-HBs) and anticore antibody (anti-HBc) were tested. The overall prevalence of anti-HBc and HBsAg carriage was 13.2% and 0.85%, respectively. Old age and low parental educational level were the major independent risk factors for HBV transmission. Seroprevalence of both anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies was similar in children 1-7 years of age. After 8 years of age, anti-HBc seroprevalence increased significantly with age, while anti-HBs prevalence decreased (p<0.001). Anti-HBc prevalence increased from 7.0% in children aged 1-7 years to 17.9% in persons aged 16-20 years. None of the children under 12 years of age were HBsAg-positive, while 1.9% of persons aged 16-20 years were HBsAg carriers. Anti-HBs seroprevalence exceeding 90% was found in the cohorts targeted by the routine hepatitis B vaccination program, whereas 36.4% of young adults aged 21-30 years were anti-HBs-positive. The study shows that universal infant hepatitis B immunization has a substantial impact on the immunity in children. However, prevalence of HBV infection is still high in adolescent and young adults in Northern Cyprus. Therefore, catch-up immunization for these groups will help to reduce hepatitis B transmission.

Lenfödem lenf akımının yetersizliğinden kaynaklanan ve genellikle ekstremitelerde ödem ile kendini gösteren bir hastalıktır. Primer lenfödem ise lenfödemin nadir görülen nedenlerinden birisi olup yenidoğan döneminde başlayabileceği gibi daha geç dönemlerde de bulgu verebilir. Ergenlik döneminde başlayan ve lenfödem prekoks olarak adlandırılan durum primer lenfödemin en sık görülen formudur. Tanı lenfödem yapan diğer hastalıkların dışlanması ile konulur. Primer lenfödem tanısı olan olgularda plevra, perikard ya da peritonda (üçüncü boşluklarda) effüzyon saptanması lenfatik displazi sendromu olarak tanımlanır. Bu yazıda, her iki bacakta ödem yakınması ile başvuran, sağ akciğerde şilotoraks saptanan ve lenfödem prekoks / lenfatik displazi sendromu tanısı alan 14 yaşındaki kız olgu nadir görülen bir durum olması nedeniyle sunulmuştur.

Aim of the study: To evaluate the sleeping position of the infants younger than 6 months followed up in the outpatient clinic of Ege Universıty Medical Faculty. Between January 2001 and April 2002, we investigated the sleeping position of the 328 term infants (53 % males, 47 %females) who had been followed up in the outpatient clinic at Ege University Faculty of Medicine. A questionaire about the socio demographical data and the sleeping position was applied to the mothers. Seventeen percent of the families was from high socioeconomic group, 54 % was from middle socioeconomic group and 29 % was from lower socioeconomic group. 310 of the children (95 %) were sleeping in supine or lateral position and 18 (5 %) were sleeping in prone position. Eighty-one percent of the babies were sleeping in the same room with their mothers but in different beds, 8 % of them in different rooms and 5 % were sleeping in the same bed with their mothers. There was no satisticaly significant relationship between the variables such as birth type, birth weight, birth place, gestational age, mother’s education, mother’s cigarette smoking, durations of breast feeding, sociocultural status family type or the number of the children and the sleeping position. This study has shown that the majority of the children followed-up in a university hospital sleep in the correct position and similar studies must be done on the children followed-up in the peripheral health care centers and the families should be informed about the correct sleeping position.

The effects of vitamin A and vitamin E supplementation on the IgG response to tetanus toxoid after primary immunization were evaluated in a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial involving 89 healthy infants with normal serum vitamin A and E levels at 2 months of age. Before the first dose of DPT vaccine, the infants were randomly enrolled into four different study groups [Group I (n=24): 30,000 IU vitamin A for 3 days just after each three doses of primary vaccination, Group II (n=21): 150 mg oral vitamin E for only 1 day after the injections for primary immunization, Group III (n=21): vitamins A and E together in the same order, Group IV (n=23) no vitamin after DPT vaccines]. Serum tetanus antitoxin (IgG) titres were measured three times; initially at 2 months of age before the first dose of DPT, secondly at 5 months of age 1 month after primary immunization and thirdly at 16–18 months of age before the booster dose of DPT. Before the first dose of the DPT vaccine, 1 month after the third DPT injection and at 16–18 months before the booster dose of DPT, there was no significant difference in serum tetanus antitoxin levels between these four groups. A significant increase was observed in all the groups when serum tetanus antitoxin levels before (2 months) and after (5 months) primary immunization were compared. In addition, serum antibody levels against tetanus significantly decreased in the four groups before booster vaccination. Before the beginning of primary immunization, 15 infants (16.8%) had serum tetanus antitoxins (IgG) below protective level. After three doses of DPT, all the infants had protective antitoxin levels. At 16–18 months of age before booster dose, four infants (10%) also had serum tetanus antitoxins (IgG) below the protective level. No side-effects were observed except bulging fontanelle in two infants in Group I.

BackgroundThere is a salient relationship between exposure to childhood traumatic events and negative health behaviours, and health status. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a group of university students in Turkey and to evaluate the association of ACEs , with some health consequences including health risk behaviours.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study. 2257 students of 5 universities in Turkey were enrolled into the study between the years 2012–2013. A questionnaire modified from the ACE Questionnaire developed by CDC and Kaiser Permanente was used in the study. The questionnaire includes 53 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, household dysfunction, childhood maltreatment, health risk behaviours, somatic complaints and health status.Results47.9% of the 2257 respondents were male and 52.1% were female. The mean age of respondents was 20.1 years. The overall prevalence of childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect was 21.1%, 7.9%, 9.8%, 8.8% and 5.7% respectively. 5.2% of respondents had divorced or separated parents. The overall prevalence of depression or suicide attempt, problem alcohol use, history of street drug use and involvement in crime or imprisonment in household members was 9.3%, 6.4%, 3.4% and 10.3% respectively. The ACE scores indicate that half of all respondents had a history of at least one ACE. ACE score was positively associated with health risk behaviours. The risk of smoking, harmful alcohol using and drug using increases dependently on the ACE score. Some health problems particularly emotional problems were associated with ACE score of the participants.ConclusionsThis study suggests that ACE prevalence, health risk behaviours and certain health problems are high in a group of young adults in Turkey. The data from this study does not only provide information about the magnitude of the problem but also evidence that underlines the need to prioritise child maltreatment besides.

Bronkojenik kistler embriyonik dönemde anormal tomurcuklanma sonucu gelişen iyi huylu lezyonlardır. Sıklıkla karinanın arka bölgesinde yerleşirler ve mediastinal kitlelerin yaklaşık %50’sini oluştururlar. Asemptomatik olabilecekleri gibi çocukluk çağında solunum yollarına bası yaparak bulgu verebilirler. Semptomların süresi ve sıklığı kronik akciğer hastalığı gelişimi açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu yazıda tekrarlayan hışıltı nedeniyle başvuran ve bronkojenik kist saptanan bir olgu sunulmuştur.