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The integration of Artificial Intelligence techniques, particularly Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), has transformed predictive modeling in structural and durability engineering. This study investigates the use of ANN-based approaches to predict the corrosion rates of mild steel reinforcement embedded in cementitious composites subjected to clay-dominated soil environments. Key environmental parameters, sodium chloride (NaCl) content (0-4%), inhibitor dosage (DOI) (0-5%), and exposure duration (30-180 days), were selected as input variables. Two ANN architectures, Feedforward Backpropagation (FFBP) and Cascadeforward Backpropagation (CFBP), were developed and trained using 72 experimental data points extracted from the literature. The FFBP model outperformed CFBP in terms of predictive accuracy, achieving a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.998, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 30.43%, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.071 during testing. Sensitivity analysis revealed that inhibitor dosage had the most significant influence on corrosion behavior, followed by NaCl concentration and exposure duration. The findings confirm that ANN models can effectively capture the nonlinear interactions governing corrosion progression, even under complex environmental conditions associated with clayey soils. This research provides a reliable and practical AI-driven framework for assessing corrosion risk, guiding material design, and enhancing long-term infrastructure durability in aggressive subsurface conditions. The study underscores the growing relevance of machine learning in simulating time-dependent deterioration processes in geotechnical and structural materials.

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 1%, 3% and 5% content of ethanolamine (EA) and nano-TiO2 (NT) on the corrosion resistance properties of ferrocement composites exposed under tap water, saline water and sulphuric acidic solution environments. The corrosion behaviour composites were assessed through potentiodynamic polarization technique. Besides, the effect of EA and NT on the fresh, hardened, microstructural and mineralogical properties of cementitious composites were evaluated by conducting setting time, compressive strength, SEM, EDX and XRD studies. The corrosion resistance properties of ferrocement composites were found to be improved with the addition of both EA and NT. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of EA was observed to be increasing up to 3% but decreased at 5% dose, whereas it was increasing with increasing the content of NT in all the three exposure environments. The EA and NT were found to be acting as retarder and accelerator, respectively. The addition of EA led to decrease the 28-days compressive strength of mortar, however the addition of NT showed an opposite effects. Similar impacts on the 180-days compressive strengths mortars exposed under tap water, saline water and acidic solution were also observed. The SEM and XRD analyses revealed that EA caused adverse impacts on the microstructure and hydration products of OPC, though NT enhanced the microstructure and the quantities of desirable hydration products.

Objective: To assess the outcomes of concurrent carotid artery stenting in patients undergoing emergency intravascular management for acute stroke. Study Design: Case Series Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Interventional Radiology, Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2020 to Mar 2021. Methodology: The study involved recruitment of patients undergoing emergency intracranial vascular intervention for Acute Ischemic Stroke, with concurrent ipsilateral carotid stenosis. Thrombus aspiration from the intracranial vessels was done with help of SOFIA Catheter. Following the confirmation of successful cerebral revascularization, the carotid lesion was stented using an appropriately sized stent. All patients were closely monitored for one year to assess any morbidity and mortality outcomes. Results: A total of 11 patients were included in this study out of which 8(72.7%) were male and 3(27.3%) were female.        Mean age was 63.73+10.56 years. Hypertension was the most common co-morbid disease, 9(81.8%). The stenosis ranged from 58 - 94%. The residual stenosis after stenting was 11 – 40 %. Per-operatively, 2 patients (18.2%) had Cerebral Hyperperfusion and 1 (9.1%) had asymptomatic stent thrombosis. In terms of complications, there were a total of three (27.3%) CVA events in the study population at 1 years follow up. Two patients recovered and there was 1(9.1%) mortality. Conclusions: The initial experience in management of tandem stenosis of the carotid artery by stenting while performing thrombectomy of ipsilateral ischemic stroke has shown encouraging results.