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Gliosarcoma is an unusual subtype of glioblastoma multiforme. Its characteristic features are biphasic configuration, constituting a definite, separate glial and sarcomatous differentiation, on histological evaluation. Herein, we present a rare case of Gliosarcoma that had presented only once in our center in last 13 years. A 60 years old, diabetic, hypertensive male patient came to e emergency department with disturbed level of consciousness and right sided hemiplegia which was progressive over four days. On examination he was, conscious, unoriented in time, person or place, his mouth deviated to left and vitally stable. After initial evaluation, CT scan and MRI were advised. These showed a complex left parieto-occipital heterogeneous mass lesion with cystic and solid components, measuring approximately 5.2x4cm. The mass lesion was seen displacing the occipital horn anteriorly and inferiorly with probable extension into the lateral ventricular cavity. There was no associated midline shift or definite herniation. The lesion was diagnosed as highly suggestive of brain tumor with a differential diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme or ependymoma. Blood picture revealed a rapidly increasing level of anemia. Surgical intervention comprising left parieto-occipital craniotomy and near total resection of the tumor was carried out. On histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation the diagnosis of GS was established. A plan of a combination of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation was formulated that was however, declined by the family. On regular follow up, the patients clinical state rapidly deteriorated with persistence of seizures and requirement of repeated blood transfusions. The patient finally passed away after eighth months.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the literature regarding the clinical performance of zirconia crowns for primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Clinical, observational, and laboratory studies were included. Studies that assessed the performance of zirconia crowns for primary teeth using outcomes such as gingival and periodontal health, parental satisfaction, color stability, crown retention, contour, fracture resistance, marginal integrity, surface roughness, and recurrent caries were included. Risk of bias was assessed using different assessment tools depending on the type of the assessed study. Results: Out of the 2400 retrieved records, 73 full-text records were assessed for eligibility. Thirty-six studies were included for qualitative analysis. The included studies reported that zirconia crowns for primary teeth were associated with better gingival and periodontal health, good retention, high fracture resistance, color stability, high parental acceptance, good marginal adaptation, smooth cosmetic surface, and no recurrent caries. Conclusion: Zirconia crowns are promising alternative to other restorative materials and crowns in the field of pediatric dentistry. They showed higher properties and performance in different clinical aspects and great parental satisfaction.

Background Liver diseases post-COVID-19 vaccination is extremely rare but can occur. A growing body of evidence has indicated that portal vein thrombosis, autoimmune hepatitis, raised liver enzymes and liver injuries, etc., may be potential consequence of COVID-19 vaccines. Objectives To describe the results of a systematic review for new-onset and relapsed liver disease following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods For this systematic review, we searched Proquest, Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus and Nature through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses PRISMA guideline for studies on the incidence of new onset or relapsed liver diseases post-COVID-19 vaccination, published from December 1, 2020 to July 31, 2022, with English language restriction. Results Two hundred seventy-five cases from one hundred and eighteen articles were included in the qualitative synthesis of this systematic review. Autoimmune hepatitis (138 cases) was the most frequent pathology observed post-COVID-19 vaccination, followed by portal vein thrombosis (52 cases), raised liver enzymes (26 cases) and liver injury (21 cases). Other cases include splanchnic vein thrombosis, acute cellular rejection of the liver, jaundice, hepatomegaly, acute hepatic failure and hepatic porphyria. Mortality was reported in any of the included cases for acute hepatic failure (n = 4, 50%), portal vein thrombosis (n = 25, 48.1%), splanchnic vein thrombosis (n = 6, 42.8%), jaundice (n = 1, 12.5%), raised liver enzymes (n = 2, 7.7%), and autoimmune hepatitis (n = 3, 2.2%). Most patients were easily treated without any serious complications, recovered and did not require long-term hepatic therapy. Conclusion Reported evidence of liver diseases post-COIVD-19 vaccination should not discourage vaccination against this worldwide pandemic. The number of reported cases is relatively very small in relation to the hundreds of millions of vaccinations that have occurred and the protective benefits offered by COVID-19 vaccination far outweigh the risks.

In clinical practice, ocular emergencies provide a considerable challenge, typically necessitating prompt and precise diagnosis to avoid irreversible vision impairment. The accessibility, speed, and diagnostic capability of conventional imaging modalities are limited in specific situations, notwithstanding their effectiveness. In the management of ocular emergencies, ultrasound has become a revolutionary technology, providing real-time, non-invasive, and very precise diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. The present narrative review examines the dynamic nature of ultrasonography in the management of ocular emergencies. It assesses the diagnostic precision, clinical use, therapeutic effectiveness, prospects, and the necessary training for healthcare practitioners. Through the synthesis of existing empirical data, this study emphasizes the capacity of ultrasound to improve patient outcomes and optimize emergency ophthalmic care.

Cancer is a significant public health challenge globally, marked by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Modifiable lifestyle factors significantly influence cancer risk. The study aimed to investigate the behavioral risk factors of cancer among Yemeni adults, highlighting the critical need for targeted prevention strategies. A matched case-control study design was used. It carried out at the National Center of Oncology in Sana'a, Yemen, and the largest referral center for cancer patients in Yemen. The study included 680 participants, consisting of 340 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 340 matched controls. Controls matched cases on age, sex, and place of resident. All subjects volunteered to participate and were personally interviewed using a structured questionnaire that covered socio-demographic, behaviors and dietary intake data. Crude odd ratios (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were estimated using conditional logistic regression and the level of significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Our analysis found that those who have any family member with a history of cancer (AOR = 2.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59-5.06), consuming bread or food made from white flour more than once a day (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.03-4.73), frequently consuming animal oil three to seven times per week (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.76-6.70), and consuming soft drinks three to seven times per week (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.08-4.01) were at higher risk of cancer. However, those who had no formal work but supporting family activities (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15-0.79), consuming fruit frequently during its seasons (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09-0.67), consuming coffee three to seven times (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21-0.62) or one to two times per week (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23-0.81) were less likely to have cancer. Additionally, no significant differences found between cases and controls regarding education level, smoking, chewing shamma, and frequent consumption of other food and beverages. Frequent consumption of bread or products made from white flour, animal fats, and soft drinks were statistically associated with cancer. On the contrary, moderate coffee consumption and frequent intake of seasonal fruits showed to be protected from cancer. Additionally, a family history of cancer was identified as a significant risk factor for developing the disease. To mitigate cancer risk in Yemen, implementing health education campaigns through media to promote awareness of these dietary influences are needed. Additionally, community initiatives should encourage healthier eating habits, emphasizing the importance of fresh fruits and moderate consumption of coffee, and reducing the intake of food made from white flour, animal fat and sugary beverages.

Cancer is a significant public health challenge globally, marked by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Modifiable lifestyle factors significantly influence cancer risk. The study aimed to investigate the behavioral risk factors of cancer among Yemeni adults, highlighting the critical need for targeted prevention strategies. A matched case-control study design was used. It carried out at the National Center of Oncology in Sana'a, Yemen, and the largest referral center for cancer patients in Yemen. The study included 680 participants, consisting of 340 newly diagnosed cancer cases and 340 matched controls. Controls matched cases on age, sex, and place of resident. All subjects volunteered to participate and were personally interviewed using a structured questionnaire that covered socio-demographic, behaviors and dietary intake data. Crude odd ratios (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were estimated using conditional logistic regression and the level of significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Our analysis found that those who have any family member with a history of cancer (AOR = 2.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59-5.06), consuming bread or food made from white flour more than once a day (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.03-4.73), frequently consuming animal oil three to seven times per week (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.76-6.70), and consuming soft drinks three to seven times per week (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.08-4.01) were at higher risk of cancer. However, those who had no formal work but supporting family activities (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15-0.79), consuming fruit frequently during its seasons (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09-0.67), consuming coffee three to seven times (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21-0.62) or one to two times per week (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23-0.81) were less likely to have cancer. Additionally, no significant differences found between cases and controls regarding education level, smoking, chewing shamma, and frequent consumption of other food and beverages. Frequent consumption of bread or products made from white flour, animal fats, and soft drinks were statistically associated with cancer. On the contrary, moderate coffee consumption and frequent intake of seasonal fruits showed to be protected from cancer. Additionally, a family history of cancer was identified as a significant risk factor for developing the disease. To mitigate cancer risk in Yemen, implementing health education campaigns through media to promote awareness of these dietary influences are needed. Additionally, community initiatives should encourage healthier eating habits, emphasizing the importance of fresh fruits and moderate consumption of coffee, and reducing the intake of food made from white flour, animal fat and sugary beverages.

Due to enhanced heat transfer rate, the nanofluid and hybrid nanofluids have significant industrial uses. The principal objective of this exploration is to investigate how thermal radiation influences the velocity and temperature profile. A water-based rotational nanofluid flow with constant angular speed Ω is considered for this comparative study. A similarity conversion is applied to change the appearing equations into ODEs. Three different nanoparticles i.e., copper, aluminum, and titanium oxide are used to prepare different nanofluids for comparison. The numerical and graphical outputs are gained by employing the bvp-4c procedure in MATLAB. The results for different constraints are represented through graphs and tables. Higher heat transmission rate and minimized skin friction are noted for triple nanoparticle nanofluid. Skin coefficients in the x-direction and y-direction have reduced by 50% in trihybrid nanofluid by keeping mixed convection levels between the range 3 < ϵ ≤ 11 . The heat transmission coefficient with raising the levels of thermal radiation between 0.5 < π ≤ 0.9 and Prandlt number 7 < Pr ≤ 11 has shown a 60% increase.

Indigenous chickens are raised in various rural areas in large quantities throughout Sudan. They must be transported over various distances to centralized slaughterhouses or for other purposes. In this study, we examined indigenous chicken farmers’ perceptions of chicken welfare during transportation. A total of 160 indigenous chickens (80 control + 80 transported with their owners) participated in this study. Our findings revealed that 69% and 88% of the farmers indicated that they were not knowledgeable about animal rights and animal welfare, respectively. The majority of the farmers (86%) reported that they were unaware of animal protection laws. Furthermore, the transported chickens showed a significantly long tonic immobility duration (p < 0.05) compared to the control chickens. Moreover, low pecking behavior was significant (p < 0.05) in transported chickens compared to control, particularly on day one of the experiment. In addition, the mean values of glucose, TWBCs, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, H/L ratio, Hb, MCHC, and PLT were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in transported chickens compared to the controls. In addition, TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17, as well as ROS, MDA, cortisol, glucose, and total cholesterol were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in transportation chickens compared to control, while CAT, GSH, ATP, and SOD were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in transportation chickens compared to control. We conclude that the traditional transportation of indigenous Sudanese chickens affected their welfare, and this was associated with farmers’ low perceptions of chicken welfare, and stress-induced blood profile changes.

The current study investigates different methods to minimize the drag coefficient ( C D ) without ignoring the safety factor related to the stability of a vehicle, i.e., the lift coefficient ( C L ). The study was carried out by employing an SUV car analyzed numerically using one of the CFD software, Ansys. Four different models such as realizable k–ε , standard k–ω , shear stress transport k–ω , and Reynolds stress model (RSM). The considered models have been validated with experimental data and found in good agreement. The considered inlet velocity varies from 28 to 40 m/s, the results showed that the drag coefficient and the stability are both improved by applying a modification on the roof of the considered car.

A practical study was conducted to improve the performance of conventional pyramidal solar stills (CPSS) using two types of fins with differing geometries, as well as nanocomposites of TiO2 and graphene. The first fin was hollow, cylindrical, and perforated (HCPF), whereas the second fin was an inclined perforated rectangular fin (IPRF). The fins were integrated with the base of a solar still to evaluate their performance in comparison with a CPSS. The obtained experimental results demonstrated that the pyramidal solar still with hollow perforated cylindrical fins (PSS-HCPF) and the pyramidal solar still with inclined perforated rectangular fins (PSS-IPRF) produced more distillate than the PSS-HCPF and CPSS under all examined conditions. The daily productivities of the CPSS, PSS-HCPF, and PSS-IPRF were 3718, 4840, and 5750 mL/m2, respectively, with the PSS-HCPF and PSS-IPRF improving the productivity by 31.3% and 55.9%, respectively, compared to that of the CPSS. In addition, using nanocomposites with PSS-IPRF improved the daily distillate production by 82.1%.