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Social workers are an important part of the efforts to combat intellectual deviation among young people in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study was conducted on 102 social workers to examine the social worker's actual role (the practitioner) in protecting university students from the dangers of intellectual deviation by identifying the actual practice roles and the challenges they face in three public universities in Saudi Arabia. The study concluded that social workers play many roles to protect students from intellectual deviation, the most important of which is to develop critical thinking among students to think soundly. Nevertheless, the results also indicate that training female students on cultural openness and interest in consolidating identity was one of the least practiced roles in this field. The social worker faces many obstacles in exercising the preventive role, the most important of which is the lack of a media plan to clarify the role of the university social worker in protecting female students from the dangers of intellectual deviation. The second obstacle is the social workers' lack of sufficient skill in changing students' ideas and concepts. In addition, to the students' lack of awareness of the nature of the role played by the social worker when practicing the preventive approach to confront intellectual extremism. The study suggests focusing on cultural sensitivity in exercising the preventive role in combating intellectual extremism among young people and presenting several strategies that contribute to the development of social work in this field.

The outcomes of patient care are improved by adequate knowledge, practical skills, and positive attitude. Currently, there is a lack of data on medical research activities among resident doctors in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to evaluate the perception, barriers, and research attitudes among various residency programs running in different cities of Saudi Arabia. A total of 434 surgical and medical residents participated in the current study. A cross-sectional study encompassing multiple training centers in the eastern province of Saudi. Convenient sampling technique was used to include all the working training residents. A self-administered questionnaire was formulated for data collection. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. The mean age of the residents with various specialties was 27.83 ± 2.41 years. Approximately 61.7% had participated in research, while 38.3% had never participated in any research. A total of 26% of junior and 44% of senior residents have one publication only. While 11% of junior and 9% of senior residents have three publications or more. Inadequate facilities for research, lack of baseline research skills, and personal commitments were the reasons which over 60% of respondents had agreed on. Institutional reasons: lack of professional supervisor support and lack of research curriculum in the training program was reported by 308 (71%) and 305(70.3%) residents, respectively. A lack of interest for research was prevailed more in males (19%) compared to females (14%) (OR 1.43, 95% CI: 0.86–2.38, p-value 0.17). A subset of residents had one or three publications, while some had none. A lack of baseline research skills and inadequate facilities for scientific explorations, time, and funds were the main constraints among training residents. However, several residents had a positive attitude toward research but fewer publications. Thus, training in medical research methodology should be obligatory in the residency curriculum in all specialties. Further research is needed.

Background Research evidence exists that poor prognosis is common in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) patients. Objectives This study estimates recovery delay intervals and identifies associated factors in a sample of Saudi Arabian patients admitted for suspected MERS‐CoV and diagnosed by rRT‐PCR assay. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted on 829 patients admitted between September 2012 and June 2016 and diagnosed by rRT‐PCR procedures to have MERS‐CoV and non‐MERS‐CoV infection in which 396 achieved recovery. Detailed medical charts were reviewed for each patient who achieved recovery. Time intervals in days were calculated from presentation to the initial rRT‐PCR diagnosis (diagnosis delay) and from the initial rRT‐PCR diagnosis to recovery (recovery delay). Results The median recovery delay in our sample was 5 days. According to the multivariate negative binomial model, elderly (age ≥ 65), MERS‐CoV infection, ICU admission, and abnormal radiology findings were associated with longer recovery delay (adjusted relative risk (aRR): 1.741, 2.138, 2.048, and 1.473, respectively). Camel contact and the presence of respiratory symptoms at presentation were associated with a shorter recovery delay (expedited recovery) (aRR: 0.267 and 0.537, respectively). Diagnosis delay is a positive predictor for recovery delay (r = .421; P = .001). Conclusions The study evidence supports that longer recovery delay was seen in patients of older age, MERS‐CoV infection, ICU admission, and abnormal radiology findings. Shorter recovery delay was found in patients who had camel contact and respiratory symptoms at presentation. These findings may help us understand clinical decision making on directing hospital resources toward prompt screening, monitoring, and implementing clinical recovery and treatment strategies.

Dental caries in early childhood is a significant global public health issue, affecting children's health, quality of life, and development. This study aims to examine the epidemiological factors contributing to the prevalence of dental caries, explore evidence-based preventive measures, review contemporary management options, and analyze the role of community programs and policies in addressing this challenge. The prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) varies widely, influenced by socioeconomic status and access to dental care. Key risk factors include poor dietary habits, inadequate oral hygiene practices, and lack of caregiver knowledge. Recent advancements in diagnostic techniques, such as laser fluorescence and optical coherence tomography, enhance early detection of carious lesions, enabling timely intervention. The management of dental caries has shifted from traditional restorative approaches to preventive and minimally invasive strategies, emphasizing dietary education, fluoride treatments, and dental sealants. Innovative treatments like silver diamine fluoride and biomimetic materials further support caries management while preserving tooth structure. Community programs and policies play a crucial role in promoting dental health through initiatives that increase access to care, such as school-based dental programs and water fluoridation. These efforts are essential in reducing disparities and ensuring that all children receive the preventive care they need. This study underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach, combining individual, clinical, and community efforts to effectively combat dental caries in early childhood and improve overall oral health outcomes.

Background: Child malnutrition is one of the most serious and least addressed health problems in the world and in Saudi Arabia. Continuous nutritional assessment of the vulnerable groups especially children is very important for the evaluation of health and nutritional status besides the result of evaluation may be a base for future Planning, prevention and control programs of the nutritional problems. Healthy nutrition is a necessary for people mental health, because of that nutritional habits effect on school performance.The study aimed: To assess the nutritional status and to identify the associated risk factors of malnutrition among children in primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 341 children aged (6-12) years in primary healthcare centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The assessment done by filling questionnaire about socio-demographic data, clinical examination, laboratory tests for hemoglobin detection and stool examination for all children.Results: Underweight was present in 21.9% of cases, whereas stunting was present in 21.4% of cases. The frequency of hair lice was 10.9%, parasitosis was 32.8%, and anemia was 53.1%. The findings showed a substantial correlation between stunting and poor socioeconomic class, parasitosis, and underweight. Anemia, parasitosis, and low socioeconomic status were all substantially correlated with underweight.Conclusion and Recommendations: The findings of the current study demonstrated a high frequency of malnutrition in children, which is strongly linked to parasitosis and anemia. Therefore, we advise highlighting the significance of anemia and parasitosis screening programs, with a particular emphasis on schoolchildren.

Introduction: Healthcare is a surface that is highly complicated and dynamic whereby all disciplines come together to form an interconnected process. An example of pillars of modern medicine includes radiology, laboratory services, nursing, and medical secretaries, all of which play integral and interconnected roles. In fact, very important collective efforts to elucidate timely diagnoses and treatments-which all affect patient experience-are happening without bringing in the patient. In recent times when a patient-centered approach has become the gold standard in all care practices, the creation of bridges between these disciplines and professionals is now more critical than ever.Aim of work: To explore and analyze the collaborative roles of radiology, laboratory services, nursing, medical secretaries, pharmacy, emergency medicine in enhancing patient care.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in the MEDLINE database's electronic literature using the following search terms: Enhancing, Patient Care, Collaborative, Role, Radiology, Laboratory Services, Nursing, Medical Secretaries, Pharmacy and emergency medicine. The search was restricted to publications from 2016 to 2024 in order to locate relevant content. We performed a search on Google Scholar to locate and examine academic papers that pertain to my subject matter. The selection of articles was impacted by certain criteria for inclusion.Results: The publications analyzed in this study encompassed from 2016 to 2024. The study was structured into various sections with specific headings in the discussion section.Conclusion: Improving patient care is not a one-person endeavor; it involves the harmony between radiology, laboratory, nursing, and medical secretarial services. Contributions of each department come with immeasurable expertise and functions, making it an integrated system picking patient outcomes. Indeed, collaboration and innovation in resolving barriers and challenges will result in a strong foundation for the aim of high-quality, patient-centered care. Commitment to the enhancement of life through teamwork and newest technologies is the route forward to ensuring all patients receive the best potential care.