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Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, debilitating side effect of cancer treatment. Characterized by symptoms like pain, numbness, and muscle weakness, CIPN significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Current management strategies vary, with limited consensus on effective treatments. This scoping review aims to explore comprehensive rehabilitation interventions for CIPN, focusing on enhancing patient well-being and functional abilities. Methods: A scoping review, guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and Levac et al.’s refinements, was conducted to assess rehabilitation programs for CIPN. Searches across six databases were performed, with inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on studies with physical rehabilitation interventions. Data were charted, detailing interventions, demographics, and outcomes. Results were synthesized descriptively and presented narratively with tables. Results: The review included 24 studies covering diverse cancer types and treatments, involving a total of 1167 participants. Various interventions for CIPN were assessed, and results were thematically categorized according to exercise category. Physical modalities like ultrasound and exercise showed promise in symptom relief for colorectal and breast cancer patients. No distinct advantage was found in the timing of exercise interventions. Complementary therapies such as acupuncture and yoga demonstrated effectiveness in managing CIPN symptoms. Conclusions: This review highlights the effectiveness of diverse physical and complementary interventions in managing CIPN, advocating for their integration into standard protocols. It emphasizes the need for holistic, patient-centered approaches that combine exercises, physical therapy, and complementary therapies to improve patient outcomes. These findings set a direction for future research and clinical practices focused on comprehensive and personalized CIPN management strategies.

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of CRISPR-Cas system genes and their possible association with antibiotic resistance patterns of and species isolated from hospital wastewater (HWW) samples of several hospitals. HWW samples (200 mL) were collected from wastewater discharged from different hospitals from October 2020 to March 2021. The isolation and identification of enterococci species were performed by standard bacteriology tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance was determined using the disc diffusion. The presence of various CRISPR-Cas systems was investigated by PCR. The association of the occurrence of CRISPR-Cas systems with antibiotic resistance was analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. In total, 85 different enterococci species were isolated and identified using phenotypic methods. The results of PCR confirmed the prevalence of 50 (58.8%) and 35 (41.2%) , respectively. In total, 54 (63.5%) of 85 isolates showed the presence of CRISPR-Cas loci. The incidence of CRISPR-Cas was more common in . CRISPR1, CRISPR2, and CRISPR3 were present in 35 (41.2%), 47 (55.3%), and 30 (35.3%) enterococci isolates, respectively. The CRISPR-Cas positive isolates showed significant lower resistance rates against vancomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, imipenem, tigecycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in comparison with CRISPR-Cas negative isolates. The results showed that the presence of CRISPR-Cas genes was lower in multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (53.1%, n = 26/49) compared to the non-MDR enterococci isolates (77.8%, n = 28/36) ( = 0.023). This study revealed the higher prevalence of than in HWWs. Also, the lack of CRISPR-Cas genes was associated with more antibiotic resistance rates and multidrug resistance in and isolates with HWW origin.

Integrating human rights into development as an invaluable resource for those committed to advancing engagement between human rights and development professionals and organizations. This is intended to build upon the review and findings of the first edition, rather than supplant them, so that much of that material in that first edition is preserved in this publication. This is brings together the key political and policy statements of recent years with a discussion of the approaches and experiences of bilateral and multilateral agencies engaged in integrating human rights into their development cooperation activities. While it is acknowledged that the landscape of development cooperation has continued to evolve rapidly, marked by the emergence of new providers of development cooperation, this study retains a focus on providers reviewed in 2006 that have established positions on human rights, even where those are more implicit than strongly articulated. This study is based on a thorough examination of policy, guidance, and operational documents, evaluations, and other analyses of practical experience, as well as interviews with donor agencies.

Background TruNatomy instruments promises a more conservative alternative to conventionally used instruments. They are claimed by the manufacture to decrease the amount of debris extrusion as well as the torque generated during instrumentation, potentially resulting in lower post-operative discomfort and a safer more convenient experience for the patient and clinician. Aim To compare the effect of canal shaping using TruNatomy (TN) rotary system to RaCe (RC) rotary system on post-operative pain in necrotic maxillary bi-rooted premolars, while simultaneously inspecting the real-time dynamic forces produced during instrumentation. Methods In this parallel group superiority trial, following power calculation, 40 patients diagnosed with pulp necrosis in asymptomatic bi-rooted maxillary premolars were recruited and randomly allocated into two equal groups ( n  = 20) according to the instrumentation system used. Treatment was completed in a one visit for all cases. Pain levels were recorded immediately before RCT and at 6,12,24,48, 72 h, and 1-week post RCT using mVAS. The number of analgesics taken if any was also recorded. Operative torque generated during root canal preparation as well as the time taken for the instrument to reach the working length were simultaneously recorded during instrumentation. Outcome data was statistically analyzed using Shapiro Wilk test, independent t test, Mann–Whitney U, Chi square, Fisher exact tests, spearman’s correlation coefficient. Significance level (α) was set at 0.05. Results There was no statistically significant difference between pain scores in the test groups at all time points measured (P > .05). No significant different was also recorded in terms of number of analgesics taken (P > .05). Mean torque, average peak torque and maximum torque values showed no statistically significant difference as well, however the instrumentation time was significantly shorter for the TN Group (P < .05). A moderate significant positive correlation was found between the instrumentation time and generated operative torque. Conclusion TN and RC rotary instruments resulted in similar and acceptable levels of post-operative pain in cases of asymptomatic necrotic teeth. However, TN rotary system combined torque and instrumentation time values suggest an overall higher cutting efficiency and potentially a better safety profile as compared to RC rotary system. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04616469; registration date (10/08/2020).

This report addresses multilevel governance challenges in water policy in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) and identifies good practices for co-ordinating water across ministries, between levels of government, and across local and regional actors.  Based on the OECD Multilevel Governance Framework and a survey on water governance, the report i) maps the allocation of roles and responsibilities in 13 LAC countries’ water policy at central government and sub-national level; ii) identifies the main coordination “gaps” in terms of territorial and institutional fragmentation, funding mismatch, information asymmetry, accountability, objectives and capacity, and iii) provides a range of mechanisms to improve water governance at all levels and foster capacity-building.

Many countries have sought the involvement of the private sector to upgrade and develop their water and sanitation infrastructure and improve the efficiency of water systems. This book provides a coherent catalogue of policy directions, including appropriate allocation of roles, risks and responsibilities, framework conditions and contractual arrangements necessary to make the best of private sector participation and to harness more effectively the capacities of all stakeholders.

The book assesses the current policy context for young enterprises in the MENA region and outlines policy tools and instruments, both indirect and direct, that governments can implement to support new enterprise development.

This study contributes to the current debate on achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), their relevance and what can be done after 2015, by looking at estimates of the cost of reaching the goals in 2015. In particular, it sizes the additional resources needed in developing countries to attain the goals.