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Magnetic refrigeration is a fascinating superior choice technology as compared with traditional refrigeration that relies on a unique property of particular materials, known as the magnetocaloric effect (MCE). This paper provides a thorough understanding of different magnetic refrigeration technologies using a variety of models to evaluate the coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling capacity outputs. Accordingly, magnetic refrigeration models are divided into four categories: rotating, reciprocating, C-shaped magnetic refrigeration, and active magnetic regenerator. The working principles of these models were described, and their outputs were extracted and compared. Furthermore, the influence of the magnetocaloric effect, the magnetization area, and the thermodynamic processes and cycles on the efficiency of magnetic refrigeration was investigated and discussed to achieve a maximum cooling capacity. The classes of magnetocaloric magnetic materials were summarized from previous studies and their potential magnetic characteristics are emphasized. The essential characteristics of magnetic refrigeration systems are highlighted to determine the significant advantages, difficulties, drawbacks, and feasibility analyses of these systems. Moreover, a cost analysis was provided in order to judge the feasibility of these systems for commercial use.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the role of commercial banks in increasing investment and credit facilities in Jordan.   Theoretical framework: The theoretical literature in this study sheds a light on the role of the commercial banks in in increasing investment and credit facilities. It also sheds a light on the role of commercial banks in supporting economy.   Design/methodology/approach:  The researchers adopted a descriptive analytical and quantitative approaches. The study’s sample includes all the commercial banks in Jordan. The researcher collected data on commercial banks from reports issued by the Central Bank of Jordan. The sampled banks include: (Bank of Jordan, Arab Bank, Capital Bank and Etihad Bank). The data targets the period (2017-2020).   Findings: The researcher found that there is an important role for Commercial banks in investment in general, due to an increasing the financial indicators of Commercial banks related to investment during the years (2017-2020). The study reported that the value of Commercial banks credit facilities increased significantly during .The comparison period (2017-2020)   Research, Practical & Social implications: The present study provides information and review of literature for the ones interested in conducting studies about the impact of commercial banks on economic variables. It also provides the decision makers in the Jordanian Ministry of Finance with useful information for supporting and improving investment in Jordan.   Originality/value: The present study is significant because it is the first study that addresses the role of commercial banks in increasing investment and credit facilities in Jordan as far as the researcher knows.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to shed a light on risk management in Jordanian commercial banks in accordance with the Basel Accords.   Theoretical framework: The researcher reviewed the relevant literature related to risk management   Design/methodology/approach: The descriptive analytical approach was adopted. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The sample consists of all the public administrations in banks and employees in risk management and control. It consists from 120 individuals.   Findings: The results of the study showed that the field of \"The application of banking risk management in Jordanian commercial banks in accordance with the Basel Accords\" ranges from strong to medium, while the field of \"Techniques and principles of banking risk management applied by Jordanian commercial banks\" ranges from strong to moderate,   Research, Practical & Social implications: This study allows Jordanian commercial banks to improve their abilities in managing risks based on Basel accords   Originality/value: This study is important because it is one of the few studies that shed a light on Basel Accords along with risk management

Diabetes mellitus is a long-standing progressive disorder. Diabetic retinopathy is the primary cause of blindness among adults suffering from diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is found to be dependent on the length of the period affected by diabetes, glucose control, blood pressure, and lipid profile while age, sex, and type of medical therapy were not found to be risk factors.  Aim: This study attempts to determine the importance of early spotting of diabetic retinopathy in Jordanian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects by family medicine and ophthalmologist physicians, which will help us achieve better health outcomes.  Methods: Our retrospective investigation recruited 950 working-age subjects, of both sexes and with T2DM at three hospitals in Jordan, from September 2019 to June 2022. Early spotting of diabetic retinopathy was done by family medicine physicians and confirmation was done by ophthalmologists using direct ophthalmoscopy. Evaluation of the fundus by pupillary dilation was performed to assess the degree of diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and the number of patients with diabetic retinopathy. The level of severity for diabetic retinopathy at confirmation was done using the classification for diabetic retinopathy produced by the American Association of Ophthalmology (AAO). Continuous parameters and independent t-tests were used to assess the average discrepancy in the degree of retinopathy among subjects. Categorical parameters were mentioned in numbers and percentages and chi-square tests were done to determine discrepancies in proportion among patients.   Results: Early spotting of diabetic retinopathy was recorded by family medicine physicians in 150 (15.8%) of 950 patients with T2DM of whom 56.7% (85/150) were women with an average age of 44 years. Of these 150 subjects with T2DM, who were presumed to have diabetic retinopathy, ophthalmologists diagnosed diabetic retinopathy in 35 patients (35/150; 23.3%). Of these, 33 (94.3%) had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and two (5.7%) had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Of the 33 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 10 had mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 17 had moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and six had severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Subjects aged more than 28 years had a 2.5 times increased risk of experiencing diabetic retinopathy. Awareness and lack of awareness values differed significantly (316 (33.3%), 634 (66.7%); P<0.05, respectively).  Conclusions: Early spotting of diabetic retinopathy by family medicine physicians shortens the delay of diagnosis confirmation by ophthalmologists.

Marshmallow candy is a well-known sugar-based confection that is widely consumed among different population groups. However, its high sugar contents and low nutritive value might lead to adverse health outcomes. This study, therefore, aimed to develop optimal formulations for functional marshmallow candy using honey, aqueous hibiscus extract, cow’s milk, and strawberry concentrates with partial replacement of table sugar and glucose syrup. In this regard, six different formulations (F1–F6) were developed, varying in the ratios of key ingredients, such as F1 formulated with honey (9%), sucrose (35%), glucose syrup (33%), milk (4%), and hibiscus extract (1%); F2 containing honey (10%), sucrose (30%), glucose syrup (25%), milk (4%), hibiscus extract (1%), and strawberry concentrate (13%); F3 with honey (15%), sucrose (25%), glucose syrup (20%), milk (4%), hibiscus extract (1%), and strawberry concentrate (16%); F4 formulated with honey (20%), sucrose (20%), glucose syrup (15%), milk (4%), hibiscus extract (1%), and strawberry concentrate (24%); F5 containing honey (30%), sucrose (20%), glucose syrup (5%), milk (4%), hibiscus extract (1%), and strawberry concentrate (24%); and F6 developed with honey (10%), sucrose (30%), glucose syrup (25%), and strawberry concentrate (16%) without milk or Hibiscus extract. These formulations were evaluated for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and textural and sensory characteristics. The results show that all formulations containing functional ingredients had significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, along with stronger antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control. Among the formulations, F5 exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoids contents (89.8 mg GAE/100 g and 1.62 mg RE/100 g, respectively) and reducing power activity (197.8% equivalent to 30 µg vitamin C). Additionally, F3 and F4 showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 8.0 and 5.1 mg/mL, respectively. In terms of texture, the hardness of all formulations was comparable to the control, except for F1 and F6. The results for sensory analysis show that all modified marshmallows received higher consumer acceptance in overall liking, appearance, softness, elasticity, lightness, and flavor compared to the control. Overall, this study shows that the use of functional ingredients significantly enhanced the total phenolic and flavonoid content and improved antioxidant activities in marshmallow production. This functional candy can provide nutrient-rich health-promoting ingredients for consumers.

High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtration plays a crucial role in maintaining air quality in critical environments such as lean rooms, hospitals, and nuclear facilities. The point of this study is to look into how well nuclear-grade HEPA filters work and behave by looking at the main ways they catch particles using two modeling methods to figure out how well the filters work overall. This study encompasses particles with diameters ranging from 0.05 to 5.00 µm and a density of 1500 kg/m3. The current study systematically examined key parameters such as particle size, fiber diameter, and filtration velocity, which revealed their significant influence on the HEPA filter efficiency. Notably, the most penetrating particle size (MPPS) is identified within the expected range of 0.1–0.3 µm for both approaches. A critical threshold in fiber diameter is discovered when it exceeds 0.85 µm, resulting in a substantial shift in particle penetration and overall collection efficiency. This study also explored the impact of filtration velocity on filter performance, demonstrating increasing deviations as velocity rises, following a polynomial trend. The current study also rigorously validated the model predictions against experimental data from uranine particle filtration tests, confirming the model’s accuracy and applicability. These findings provide essential insights for optimizing the design and operation of nuclear HEPA filters, emphasizing the necessity of considering the particle size, fiber diameter, and filtration velocity. Both modeling approaches exhibit a negligible 0.04% deviation in the MPPS efficiency, which increases polynomially with the filtration velocity. Importantly, both approaches consistently identified the same MPPS regardless of the filtration velocity. Additionally, the model reinforces the substantial impact of fiber size on filter efficiency. A comprehensive comparison with the experimental data yielded closely aligned results with a maximum deviation of 1.14%. This validation strengthens the model’s ability to elucidate the underlying physical phenomena governing the influence of filtration velocity on efficiency, making it a valuable tool in nuclear HEPA filter research and development.

This research investigates and evaluates the University Politehnica of Bucharest (UPB) possibilities to become an energy self-supplying by building up its own power plant and becoming an energy distributor. The campus has already been connected to the national natural gas supplying pipe and the local district heating and electrical network.A set of criteria was used to evaluate the feasibility of this project. Technical, financial, and environmental considerations were taken into account to determine the most suitable solution. The feasibility study assumed three proposals of an energy supply system considered for the university buildings / campus. Gas-fired heating plant, gas-fired Internal Combustion Engine cogeneration plant and gas fired Internal Combustion Engine for cogeneration with an Organic Rankine Cycle ORC.The details of each proposal were discussed to obtain the optimum solution. Elaborate. It was found from a financial and environmental perspective that the most feasible project is gas-fired Internal Combustion Engine cogeneration, considering profit revenue from selling / exporting power to the domestic electricity grid. And the Net Present Value was around one million euros for 15 years life.

The production of functional candies has garnered significant attention due to the growing consumer demand for healthier confectionery options. This study investigates the production of functional jelly gum by replacing table sugar and glucose syrup with honey and blueberry concentrate. Various formulations were developed and tested for phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, textural properties, and consumer acceptance. Results showed that the addition of functional ingredients increased the phenolic and flavonoid content compared to the control. The modified jelly gums exhibited strong antioxidant activities, as evidenced by the DPPH assay, with significant differences (p < 0.05) from the control. The DPPH radical scavenging activity correlated strongly with phenolic content (R2 = 0.88) and flavonoid content (R2 = 0.89). Reducing power ranged from 32.31% to 78.45%, with the T5 sample (containing 30 g honey and 60 g blueberry concentrate) showing the highest activity. The reducing power of all treatments correlated significantly with flavonoid content (R2 = 0.75) and phenolic content (R2 = 0.83). Sensory analysis revealed that the T4 sample (containing 30 g of honey and 30 g of blueberry concentrate) was the most favorably received by consumers. These findings highlight the potential of using natural ingredients to develop healthier confectionery products that meet consumer demand for confectionery that is both nutritious and appealing.

Introduction Despite the fact that smoking has been identified as a risk factor for respiratory diseases and lung infections, the relationship between smoking and coronavirus severity remains ambiguous. It is believed that smoking is a risk factor for pulmonary infections. However, the effect of smoking on COVID-19 patients is still controversial. Objective The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the distinct radiological features in COVID-19 patients with different smoking statuses. Additionally, the study sought to examine the association between smoking and the severity of pulmonary changes. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 111 patients who were referred to Al-Salt/Hussein Hospital, Al-Salt, Jordan, from January to June 2021, with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and smoking status recorded. Patients' demographics, medical history, age, gender, comorbidity, and length of hospitalization were obtained from their medical records. Results Study groups were similar in median age, prevalence of chosen chronic diseases, and median length of hospital stay. Based on the median scores of the radiological findings in each lung lobe, no statistically significant differences were found between the scores and smoking status (p-values of >0.05; Mann-Whitney test). Conclusion Smoking is an independent risk factor for the severity of COVID-19. Smoking has no noticeable impact on interstitial manifestation in COVID-19 patients.

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) represents approximately 3-5% of all acute leukemia cases and is defined by blast populations that co-express markers from more than one hematopoietic lineage. In most cases, blasts exhibit myeloid markers together with either B-cell or T-cell markers. The rarest subtype is mixed B/T acute leukemia. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with weakness and fatigue and was diagnosed with MPAL, not otherwise specified, B/T rare type, based on bone marrow examination and immunophenotyping. This case highlights the essential role of comprehensive immunophenotyping in establishing an accurate diagnosis of MPAL. Given the limited information in the literature, case series and prospective studies are needed for a better understanding and successful treatment.