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Background The advent of digital technologies has introduced novel methods for RPD fabrication, potentially enhancing the fit compared to the conventional approaches. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the methods to assess the accuracy of fit and precision of the RPD framework fabricated using conventional and digital (3D printed and milled) methods. Methods A comprehensive literature search (Registration Number CRD42023459566) was conducted across different electronic databases like PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies investigating RPD fit and precision assessment using various techniques (Visual inspection and pressing test using silicone impression material, 3D digital analyses using a software, light microscopy, digital microscope at 50x, superimposition method /surface matching software program, µCT on silicone specimens and direct measurements) in in-vitro studies were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed to evaluate the methodological rigour of the selected studies. A narrative synthesis of the findings was carried out to evaluate the methods to assess the accuracy of fit and precision of the RPD framework fabricated through conventional and digital methods due to heterogeneity in study variables. Results Out of 413 records, a total of 8 in-vitro studies were included in this review. The key findings of the review suggest that RPD fit accuracy varies across fabrication processes including conventional techniques, resin milling, selective laser melting (SLM), and digital superimposition. Resin milling with polyether ether ketone (PEEK) offers the best accuracy. Among the different methods used in assessing the fit accuracy of the RPD framework silicone-based fit evaluation and superimposition techniques/ surface matching are commonly used methods. Conclusion Both traditional (non-computerized) and computerized methods for the assessment of fit and precision of conventional and digital RPD frameworks are used commonly. But still, formulation of a standard method for fit assessment of RPDs is warranted. In future with further refinements, digital methods would completely outperform the traditional methods.

Introduction India has committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 principle of “Leave No One Behind”, which seeks to reduce disparities and vulnerabilities. The dearth of data on the oral health conditions of children with intellectual and developmental (IDD) disabilities in India is significant. Our systematic review intended to collate and synthesise data on the oral health status of children with IDD. Methods Online electronic databases such as PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were searched using appropriate keywords from the earliest available data until 31st March 2024, with no language restriction. Cross-sectional studies conducted amongst individuals below 18 years of age with intellectual, or developmental disabilities, in India were included. Quality assessment and meta-analysis using a random-effects model for variables reported from four or more studies and a prediction interval was calculated. Results Out of 2388 studies, a total of 15 studies were included. Our study showed that 91% (95% [confidence interval] CI: 0.80–0.96) of IDD children use toothbrushes regularly. However, poor oral hygiene was found among 38% (95% CI = 0.21–0.59) of IDD children. The pooled prevalence of dental caries among children was found to be 64% (95% CI: 0.45–0.79). Periodontal disease was reported in only one study among 54.20% of IDD children. Conclusions Our findings suggest that despite brushing regularly the incidence of caries and poor oral hygiene in children with IDD is high. Flexible, tailored interventions that go beyond a uniform approach must be implemented to effectively address oral health requirements of children with IDD. Specific Health Programmes should be established for their preventive oral care.

Objective Incisal composite build-up shows a high failure susceptibility. The incorporation of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) during composite restoration could improve its strength. Hence the study was planned to compare the effect of various positions of FRC on the strength of composite resin incisal build-ups. Methods In maxillary incisors (n = 90), 3 mm of the incisal edge was cut and teeth were categorized into three groups based on the location and number of fibers used during incisal composite build-up - Group I: composite resin; Group II: composite resin and a single fiber palatally and Group III: composite resin along with two fibers palatally. Results The data showed that group II had the maximum load-bearing values followed by group I and group III. Conclusion Within the confines of our study, it can be concluded that the addition of FRC to the conventional incisal composite build-up increased the overall strength restoration. Such composite restoration reinforced with a single fiber on the palatal side showed the highest load-bearing capacity compared to two fibers reinforced and unreinforced composites. The common mode of failure in group I was in composite resin, in two fibers reinforced at fibers-composite junction, and in one fiber reinforced composite was in the remaining part of the tooth.

Background Accurate vertical dimension of rest (VDR) is critical in complete denture fabrication. Along with conventional phonetic and electromyographic (EMG) methods; cephalometric angular reconstruction (CAR) has recently been proposed as a reliable approach that minimizes reliance on patient dexterity. This in-vivo study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the CAR method by comparing it with conventional and electromyographic methods in determining VDR in edentulous subjects. Materials and methods Twenty completely edentulous patients were enrolled. For each patient, VDR was measured using phonetic, CAR, and EMG methods. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 23 using one-way ANOVA and independent t -tests. A sample size of 20 provided 80% power with an effect size of 0.8 at a significance level of 0.05. One month after denture insertion, patient satisfaction was assessed with a structured questionnaire. Results The mean VDR (cm) was 5.36 ± 0.61 for the conventional method, 5.35 ± 0.74 for CAR, and 5.64 ± 0.62 for EMG. Although the EMG method yielded slightly higher values, independent t -tests revealed no statistically significant differences between conventional and CAR ( p  = 0.962), conventional and EMG ( p  = 0.181), or CAR and EMG ( p  = 0.167). Patient satisfaction scores indicated favorable outcomes across all groups. Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference among the three methods, confirming that CAR can serve as a viable alternative to conventional and EMG approaches. Clinical implications The CAR method may be particularly useful for patients with neuromuscular issues, psychological challenges, or limited cooperation during traditional VDR recording.

Background Periodontal phenotype is regarded to be one of the key factors influencing the efficacy of restorative therapies in dental practice. The objective of the systematic review was to explore the importance of thin and thick periodontal phenotypes and how they affect the outcome of periodontal and restorative therapies by looking at a number of academic publications from various online databases. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review standards), relevant data will be searched and retrieved from three significant scientific databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, and Scopus. The articles with full texts that matched the keywords and published in English between 2018 and 2023 were taken into consideration. Results The majorities of these articles were based on the type of periodontal phenotype and their impact on periodontal and restorative treatment outcomes were selected. The initial search yielded a total of 530 articles. Only 273 were relevant to the review’s objectives, and these were considered for determining eligibility. Only 20 publications were eligible for analysis. Conclusion Understanding these anatomical aspects of periodontal phenotype is crucial to both periodontology and restorative dentistry. The clinical outcome of restorative, prosthetic, orthodontic, surgical, and periodontal therapies is determined in large part by the periodontal phenotype, which also plays a significant role in clinical failure or success in dental treatments. Trial registration This study protocol registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) dated 16th June 2023 with the registration ID CRD42023432568.

Background: At present, the evidence regarding digital impressions’ accuracy recorded by using digital scanners is lacking. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether the type of scanning (intraoral/extraoral) affects the Accuracy of Digital Impressions. Method: Two independent reviewers performed a systematic search in the database both electronically and manually (PubMed, Ebsco HOST, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) for articles published from 1 January 2010 to 1 December 2022. This study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42020188765) and followed the PRISMA statement. The question in focus was as follows: Does the type of scanning (intraoral or extraoral) affect the accuracy of digital impression? Results: A total of 449 papers were obtained by searching electronically and manually. In total, 15 complete-text papers qualified for assessment based on eligibility criteria. After reading the full-text articles, five studies were excluded. Ten studies were selected for the qualitative analysis. The qualitative data reported that the accuracy of both types of scanners (intraoral and extraoral) lies within the range of clinical acceptability. Nevertheless, the intraoral scanners seem to be more accurate when compared to the extraoral scanners for a partial arch situation. Conclusions: Scanning type affects the accuracy of the digital impression. Various factors influence the scanning ability. Intraoral scanners seem to be more accurate compared to extraoral scanners for a partial arch situation. More studies comparing the accuracy of the intraoral scanner and extraoral scanner for a complete arch scan and in an in vivo study setting are needed.

Background Vinyl polyether silicone (VPES) is a novel impression biomaterial made of a combination of vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) and polyether (PE). Thus, it is significant to assess its properties and behaviour under varied disinfectant test conditions. This study aimed to assess the dimensional stability of novel VPES impression material after immersion in standard disinfectants for different time intervals. Methods Elastomeric impression material used –medium body regular set (Monophase) [Exa’lence GC America]. A total of 84 Specimens were fabricated using stainless steel die and ring (ADA specification 19). These samples were distributed into a control group ( n =12) and a test group ( n =72). The test group was divided into 3 groups, based on the type of disinfectant used - Group-A- 2% Glutaraldehyde, Group-B- 0. 5% Sodium hypochlorite and Group-C- 2% Chlorhexidine each test group was further divided into 2 subgroups ( n =12/subgroup) based on time intervals for which each sample was immersed in the disinfectants – subgroup-1- 10 mins and Subgroup 2- 30 mins. After the impression material was set, it was removed from the ring and then it was washed in water for 15 seconds. Control group measurements were made immediately on a stereomicroscope and other samples were immersed in the three disinfection solutions for 10 mins and 30 mins to check the dimensional stability by measuring the distance between the lines generated by the stainless steel die on the samples using a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification. Results The distance measured in the control group was 4397.2078 µm and 4396.1571 µm; for the test group Group-A- 2% Glutaraldehyde was 4396.4075 µm and 4394.5992 µm; Group-B- 0. 5% Sodium hypochlorite was 4394.5453 µm and 4389.4711 µm Group-C- 2% Chlorhexidine was 4395.2953 µm and 4387.1703 µm respectively for 10 mins and 30 mins. Percentage dimensional change was in the range of 0.02 – 0.25 for all the groups for 10 mins and 30 mins. Conclusions 2 % Glutaraldehyde is the most suitable disinfectant for VPES elastomeric impression material in terms of dimensional stability and shows minimum dimensional changes as compared to that of 2% Chlorhexidine and 0.5% Sodium hypochlorite.

Esthetically pleasing temporary prostheses are often necessary for extended periods in a variety of clinical scenarios. Adjustments to the occlusion or margins are commonly needed before cementing the temporary prosthesis. Therefore, it is clinically necessary to repolish the rough surface to avoid biological and esthetic issues associated with rough surfaces. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the impact of various polishing protocols on the surface roughness and color stability of three resin materials used for provisional crowns. A total of 150 specimens were fabricated from auto-polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate, bis-acryl composite, and Methyl methacrylate-LC resin using a stainless steel mold. Each material group was divided into five groups (n = 10) based on the applied surface treatment: positive control group (G1): no roughening or surface treatment, Negative control group (G2): acrylic bur-roughened surface without any polishing, the different surface treatment groups of silicon carbide and aluminum oxide stone polishing (G3), diamond-coated rubber twist (G4), and Surface Glaze (G5). An optical profilometer was used to assess the surface roughness of all samples. After undergoing 6000 cycles of thermocycling followed by immersion in a coffee solution for 15 days at 37 °C, color parameters were measured using a spectrophotometer both before and after a storage period to evaluate color differences. A two-way ANOVA test with α = 0.05 significance level was carried out to determine the impacts of both the materials utilized and the polishing protocol. Among the three types of resin examined, the bisacryl group exhibited superior surface quality in positive control groups, while PMMA resin demonstrated higher polishability. The diamond-coated rubber twits resulted in lower Ra values of 0.36 (0.01) µm, 0.52 (0.11) µm, and 0.28 (0.05) µm for PMMA, BAMA, and MMLC resins, respectively. The application of photo-polymerized surface glaze led to a plaque accumulation threshold of 0.2 µm across all resin groups. The greatest mean color change occurred in the negative control group, indicating a propensity for more staining on rougher surfaces. The Bisacryl resin exhibited higher ΔE values, whereas PMMA showed better color stability. The lowest ΔE values were found when the surface glaze was applied to all of the provisional crown resins. Untreated Bisacryl resin exhibited the lowest Ra values, while PMMA resins demonstrated superior surface morphology after polishing. PMMA provisional crown resins showed increased resistance to staining. The use of surface glaze enhanced both smoothness and color stability on the surfaces.

Many patients experience vertical root fractures, and clinicians often consider conservative treatment options like reattaching the fractured root segments. The study investigated the impact of different bonding agents on the fracture resistance of rebonded vertically fractured teeth with various alveolar bone defects. Human premolar teeth with a single root were sectioned and reattached using dual-cure resin cement (DCRC), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and cyanoacrylate. The reattached teeth were then restored with a resin fiber post, composite resin core, and full veneer metal copings. These teeth were embedded in acrylic blocks with angular, V-shaped, and step-shaped bone defects to simulate various alveolar bone conditions. After subjecting the samples to thermal cycling, the fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Teeth samples reattached with RMGI exhibited a higher average fracture resistance. The study also found that DCRC proved to be an effective bonding agent for VRF teeth. However, cyanoacrylate-rebonded teeth exhibited the lowest fracture resistance. The V-shaped defects had a significant impact on the fracture resistance of reattached VRF teeth, with largely unfavorable fractures observed in these cases. Predominantly favorable fractures were observed in the teeth treated with RMGI. The fracture loads in both RMGI and DCRC groups exceeded the expected masticatory load.

Background: Minimally invasive periodontic (perio) surgical procedures, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation are useful techniques for accelerating tooth movement. These techniques also offer advantages in the orthodontic (ortho) and aesthetic domains. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the rates of lower anterior decrowding with piezocision and micro-osteoperforation. Methods: This clinical study included 24 patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatments. Two periodontic techniques (piezocision (PZ) and micro-osteoperforation (MOP)) were considered for the orthodontic treatments. Each patient was randomly allocated to either the piezocision (PZ) group or the micro-osteoperforation (MOP) group. The piezocision group received five radiographically guided incisions on the labial surface of the alveolar bone, whereas the micro-osteoperforation group received one to three MOPs each using a mini-implant drill between the six lower anterior teeth, and later, an initial arch wire was ligated to each bracket. Little’s irregularity index (LII) was calculated using a digital vernier caliper on study models every four weeks until decrowding was achieved. The difference in the rates of lower anterior crowding between the piezocision and micro-osteoperforation groups was analyzed to determine the statistical significance. Results: The rates of irregularity index change during decrowding were 4.38 ± 0.61 in the piezocision group and 3.82 ± 0.47 in the micro-osteoperforation group. Piezocision was found to be 1.2 times faster than micro-osteoperforation in terms of the rate of decrowding. Conclusion: The advanced perio–ortho combination technique was advantageous in accelerated decrowding. In comparison to MOP, there was an increase in the rate of decrowding with PZ. Decrowding can be completed quickly with PZ, and it can thus be used to treat crowding effectively in a limited time frame.