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Metal alloy matrix composites are generally lightweight structural materials with a high strength-to-weight ratio. They can be extensively used in various fields of modern engineering applications, such as aerospace and automotive components and biomedical engineering. This study focuses on the development and characterization of lightweight metal alloy matrix composites for industrial applications, with a particular emphasis on magnesium (Mg) alloys as a replacement for aluminum-based alloys. Mg alloys offer significant weight advantages, being 33% lighter than aluminum and 75% lighter than steel, making them highly desirable for use in various engineering fields. In the present study, Mg (AZ91) alloy reinforced with x-Si3N4 composites (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 wt.%) were fabricated using a liquid state process. The AZ91/x-Si3N4 composites were evaluated through physical, mechanical, wear, and microstructural characterization. The experimental results, supported by statistical analysis, demonstrated that the incorporation of Si3N4 particles amplified the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and porosity of the composites. However, the presence of the reinforced particles resulted in reduced forgeability and elongation, limiting certain deformation characteristics. The existence of the reinforced particles within the composites was confirmed through SEM analysis, providing visual evidence of their distribution and interaction within the Mg alloy matrix. Finally, it was concluded that the implication of the study could be sought for the light structural parts of aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and prosthetic applications.

Supercapacitors are the cutting-edge, high performing, and emerging energy storage devices in the future of energy storage technology. It delivers high energy and produces higher specific capacitances. This research study provides insights into supercapacitor materials and their potential applications by examining different battery technologies compared with supercapacitors’ advantages and disadvantages. Transition metal hydroxides (cobalt hydroxides) have been studied to develop electrodes for supercapacitors and their use in various fields of energy and conversion devices. Cobalt-based metal oxides and hydroxides provide high-capacitance electrodes for supercapacitors. Metal hydroxides combine high electrical conductivity and excellent stability over time. The metal oxides used to prepare the electrodes for supercapacitors are cobalt-based metal oxides and hydroxides. It is stronger than most of the other oxides and has tremendous electrical conductivity. Cobalt hydroxides are also used in supercapacitors instead of other metal hydroxides, such as aluminum hydroxide, copper hydroxide, and nickel hydroxide. This study gives a complete overview of the preparation, synthesis, analysis, and characterization of cobalt hydroxide thin film electrodes by using the electrochemical deposition technique, parameters measurements, important characteristics, material properties, various applications, and future enhancement in supercapacitors.

This experimental work is based on the effect of the addition of SiC particles in the pure aluminum matrix synthesized by powder metallurgy technique. The SiC reinforcement is varied form 0 % to 15 % in a step of 5 %. The morphology of the worn out surface were also analyzed to recognize wear mechanism. The impact of filler reinforcement, sliding distance and sliding speed on the wear were studied with the help of pin on disc wear tester. The hardness of fabricated composites increases with the increases in SiC percentage. Finally, through this experimental work it can be concluded that reinforcement of SiC enhances the hardness and wear resistance of aluminum composite.

In this research an attempt has been made to explore the experimental investigation of A356/SiC nanocomposites using two step stir casting process. A356 alloy ingot was selected for the matrix and the reinforcement (aluminium fine powder (99.9%) plus nano size SiC mechanically forged by using ball mill at 100 rpm for duration of 10 hours). Ball milling process enhances the wettability of the particles. Reinforcement was varied from 1% to 5% with a step of 1% by weight. The stirring process was carried out at 500±50 rpm with stirring duration 10 minutes in two steps. The melt composites were poured at 680±20° C into the die to fabricate the composites. In this process of fabrication, less oxides/segregations were depicted. Tensile strengths of fabricated composites were evaluated by using UTM and toughness was calculated from area under stress-strain curve. To identify the involvement and presence of the nanoreinforcement into the matrix alloy (A356), fractured surfaces of the fabricated nanocomposites were examined using SEM and EDX. Tensile test results have shown the fracture mechanism and enhanced mechanical properties with the addition of forged nanoreinforcements. Yield tensile strength (YTS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of A356 parent alloy found as 212.76 MPa and 219.90 MPa respectively. The improvement of 41% in YTS and 45% in UTS in case of A356/SiC nanocomposites were investigated. Decrease in % elongation and toughness with increase in forged nanoreinforcement were predicted. Proper distribution of reinforcement was attributed by SEM micrographs. EDX spectrum disclosed the presence of the constituents in the parent alloy (A356) and stir cast nanocomposites.

Dopant-free Co(OH) 2 was synthesized from a precursor of 0.1 M CoCl 2 on the single-sided conducting surface area of 1 cm 2 of stainless steel strip (SSS) substrate. It was developed by using a low-cost two-electrode technique at 0.5 V, 28 °C, 50 s reaction time, and in 50 ml double distilled water. Further, electrochemical properties are measured by a three-electrode technique. The charge/discharge characteristic testing of Co(OH) 2 at different current densities (1 A/g, 3 A/g, 5 A/g) were studied which results in shifting of peaks toward the positive direction. CV examination of Co(OH) 2 material as electrode was carried out at different scan rates (10 mV/s, 20 mV/s, 30 mV/s) in 0.1 M potassium hydroxide solution ranging − 0.2 to 0.5 V. A pair of redox peaks was noticeably observed in CV trace, demonstrating the typical capacitive behavior of Co(OH) 2 electrode. The specific capacitances (87.5 to 262.5 F/g), specific energy densities (28 to 84 Wh/kg), and specific power densities (0.08 to 0.24 W/kg) were measured from GCD. Additionally, morphological studies such as XRD, SEM, and EDS were investigated. The morphological results show Co(OH) 2 is having crystalline structure, average crystallite size of 37.88 nm, particle size of 180 nm, and elemental analysis confirms the presence of the elements. Further, it can be concluded that the Co(OH) 2 has good electrochemical performance which is suitable for supercapacitor electrode material. This cobalt hydroxide electrode is a favourable candidate for electrochemical energy-storage devices. Graphical abstract

Metal alloy matrix composites are generally lightweight structural materials with a high strength-to-weight ratio. They can be extensively used in various fields of modern engineering applications, such as aerospace and automotive components and biomedical engineering. This study focuses on the development and characterization of lightweight metal alloy matrix composites for industrial applications, with a particular emphasis on magnesium (Mg) alloys as a replacement for aluminum-based alloys. Mg alloys offer significant weight advantages, being 33% lighter than aluminum and 75% lighter than steel, making them highly desirable for use in various engineering fields. In the present study, Mg (AZ91) alloy reinforced with x-Si[sub.3]N[sub.4] composites (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 wt.%) were fabricated using a liquid state process. The AZ91/x-Si[sub.3]N[sub.4] composites were evaluated through physical, mechanical, wear, and microstructural characterization. The experimental results, supported by statistical analysis, demonstrated that the incorporation of Si[sub.3]N[sub.4] particles amplified the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and porosity of the composites. However, the presence of the reinforced particles resulted in reduced forgeability and elongation, limiting certain deformation characteristics. The existence of the reinforced particles within the composites was confirmed through SEM analysis, providing visual evidence of their distribution and interaction within the Mg alloy matrix. Finally, it was concluded that the implication of the study could be sought for the light structural parts of aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and prosthetic applications.

Coronavirus disease-2019 is a serious health threat around the globe. Across the world, approximately 142 million people were infected, and three million deaths happened. The fast propagation is also associated with constant anxiety, mental stress, and discomfort in public and health-care professionals. Lack of approved drugs regimen to combat the pandemic challenge concretely is a challenging project for all who are committed to developing remedial assistance. However, the successful development of three vaccines gives a solid roadmap to combat this disease. In this review, we highlighted the current development and challenges of this pandemic.