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During the initial stages of copper electrodeposition onto a thin seed layer, a nonuniform potential distribution arises, resulting in local variations in growth rate and deposit morphology. Early stages of morphology evolution during copper electrodeposition are of practical importance but have not been well studied. Here, a new multiscale approach is developed for numerical simulation of the effect of a macroscopic potential distribution along a seed layer on microscopic local roughness evolution. The key contribution is a generic method for coupling multiple computer codes, and the demonstration of its use. The macroscopic code passes the local potential at ten points along the seed layer to ten kinetic Monte Carlo codes, each of which simulates additive-free copper electrodeposition and roughness evolution on an initially flat surface. Periodically, each Monte Carlo code computes the local film thickness and passes it back to the resistance code, which updates the potential distribution for the next iteration. Results are obtained for a wide range of parameter space including both constant-potential and constant-current operation. A confirmation procedure was developed to verify that the multiscale approach (using small Monte Carlo simulation domains with periodic boundary conditions) does not significantly alter the physical accuracy of the simulations. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Sophisticated data-distribution schemes and recent developments in sensors and instruments that can monitor the lower kilometers of the atmosphere at high levels of resolution have rapidly expanded the quantity of information available to mesoscale meteorology. The myLEAD personalized information-management tool helps geoscience users make sense of this vastly expanded information space. MyLEAD extends the general globus metadata catalog service and leverages a well-known general and extensible schema. Its orientation makes it an active player in large-scale distributed computation environments characterized by interacting grid and Web services.

Modern large-scale physics experiments create datasets with sizes and streaming rates that can exceed those from industry leaders such as Google Cloud and Netflix. Fully processing these datasets requires both sufficient compute power and efficient workflows. Recent advances in Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can either improve or replace existing domain-specific algorithms to increase workflow efficiency. Not only can these algorithms improve the physics performance of current algorithms, but they can often be executed more quickly, especially when run on coprocessors such as GPUs or FPGAs. In the winter of 2023, MIT hosted the Accelerating Physics with ML at MIT workshop, which brought together researchers from gravitational-wave physics, multi-messenger astrophysics, and particle physics to discuss and share current efforts to integrate ML tools into their workflows. The following white paper highlights examples of algorithms and computing frameworks discussed during this workshop and summarizes the expected computing needs for the immediate future of the involved fields.

7 photos, box; Photo: (1 -- color) Mexican dancers, left, kick up their heels at El Burro Borracho restaurant in Troncones. At sunrise on the the town beach, leads saddled horses in hopes of finding tourists looking to ride. (2 -- 4 -- color) Fishing boats are lined up along the beach at Zihuatanejo, left. At Playa Ropa, a cafe keeps a tub of baby sea turtles, above, and releases them into the ocean in the evening. (5 -- 6) A tiny baby alligator, left, poses for a photograph on the beach in Zihuatanejo, the quintessential Mexican beach town. A golfer putters around on the course at Club de Golf Marina Ixtapa, which has saltwater canals running through it. (7) The sun rises over the beach in the village Troncones, a small fishing hamlet that seems to come to life early. The modern beachfront house Casa De Oro is available for rent in Troncones, a rough-and-tumble town near Ixtapa. Jay Solmonson/Alameda Newspaper Group Box: IF YOU GO (see text)

11 photos, box; Photo: (1 -- 3 -- color) A baby gray whale delights tourists off the coast of Baja California by nearly climbing into their boat, top. An excursion here also delivers dolphis frolicking alongside the cruise ship, above, and a sunset barbecue on the beach, left. (4 -- 5 -- color) Sea lions nap and squabble on a rocky island off the Baja California coast, and a humpback whale flaps its fluke as it dives to the depths. (6) Dwarfed by an enormous cruise ship, a lone fishing boat motors its way through El Arco, a natural rock arch at the tip of Baja California. (7 -- 8) The long and short of it: A kayaker, a Zodiac and the Lindblad Expeditions' Sea Lion share the waters off Baja California. A humpback whale breaches, left, displaying its flukes, in the warm waters off the coast of San Ignacio, Mexico. (9 -- 10) A mother whale and her calf get close enough to touch - the high point for those on a whale-watching trip. Filled with passengers, a Zodiac, above, approaches the cactus- covered shoreline of a Baja island. (11) Binoculars are an essential part of a sunrise search for whales. A geyser of mist or an enormous body breaking the water's surface are the hoped-for payoffs. Jay Solmonson/Alameda Newspaper Group Box: IF YOU GO (see text)

9 photos, box; Photo: (1 -- 5 -- color) Among the animals and birds that can be seen in the Galapagos Islands are marine iguanas, above, and penguins, right. Also, top, left to right, are boobies, such as this chick squawking at a nosy cameraman; tortoises, such as Lonesome George, who is the last of his species; and frigate birds, like this one, which is showing off in the hope of attracting a mate. (6 -- color) Following a day of island exploration, tourists on a panga return at sunset to their ship, which lies at anchor in the Galapagos. (7) After an easy hike to the top of Bartolome Island in the Galapagos, the view of Santiago Island in the distance is spectacular. (8 -- 9) A colony of male iguanas, left, is ready to greet visitors who arrive on their chunk of land in the Galapagos Islands. In one of many wildlife encounters on a Galapagos walk, a brown pelican, above, guards her chicks on a hillside. Box: IF YOU GO (see text)

Both the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) recommend that patients with type 2 diabetes should have therapy titrated and/or intensified every three months and should be started on insulin therapy within nine months after being treated with oral medications if their blood glucose levels are not at goal.1,2 Some studies have shown that using insulin as the initial treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes can provide a period of diabetic euglycemia or remission.3,4 Despite the well-established clinical treatment guidelines and research findings advocating the use of insulin as the initial agent after the diagnosis, early insulin initiation or insulin intensification as recommended does not occur often enough during medical appointments. [...]it is important to have strategies for clinicians to overcome any barriers that are prohibiting the provision of insulin therapy to patients. Because of the long-acting component, insulin degludec has an ultra-long half-life of ~25 hours; this insulin combination matches those who have irregular schedules, leading to less than optimal adherence to injection, and who are on a basal-plus-one or basal-plus-two insulin regimen who wish to reduce the injection burden.32 In a clinical trial comparing degludec/aspart combination and biphasic aspart in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients, researchers found that degludec/aspart given twice daily was more effective in reducing HbA1c levels and fasting blood glucose levels.33 This combination also has been shown to result in fewer episodes of hypoglycemia. Because of the GLP-1 RA component, both products carry a boxed warning for the risk of thyroid c-cell tumors and are contraindicated in patients with a history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).47,48 Both products are available in a pen device with a display showing even dose steps for dosing purposes.