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In this paper, we propose a novel fiber-optical dosimetry sensor for radiation measurement in biological applications. A two-dimensional (2D) fiber-optical dosimeter (FOD) for radiation measurement is considered. The sensors are arranged as a 2D array in a tailored holder. This FOD targets accurate industrial and medical applications which seek more tolerant radiation dosimeters. In this paper, the FOD sensors are subjected to gamma-ray radiation facilities from the 137Cs gamma-ray irradiator type for low doses and 60Co gamma-ray irradiator for high doses. For better evaluation of radiation effects on the FOD sample, the measurements are performed using eight sensors (hollow cylinder shape) with two samples in each dose. The sensors were measured before and after each irradiation. To the author’s knowledge, the measurements of FOD transplanted inside animals are presented for the first time in this paper. A 2D simulation program has been implemented for numerical simulation based on the attenuation factors from the absorbed dose inside the in vivo models. A comparison between the FOD and the standard thermo-luminescence detector is presented based on the test of in vivo animal models. The results indicate that the proposed FOD sensor is more stable and has higher sensitivity.

The current work is aimed to study the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of natural milky quartz associated with Metamorphic Rocks extracted from the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Atomic absorption spectrometer was used to assess the chemical compositions of the samples, and X-ray diffraction was used to examine the structural properties (XRD). The deconvolution of the glow curve was carried out and revealed that there were ten trapping sites at 0.623, 0.936, 1.02, 1.06, 1.31, 1.47, 1.58, 1.76, 2.49, and 2.96 eV. The linearity of the sample was examined for each glow peak. The analysis of the glow curve was studied also by T m  −  T stop and various heating rates (VHR) giving the kinetics parameters (activation energy E , eV).The minimum detectable dose of the investigated samples was found to be 24 µGy. The dosimeter demonstrated a high level of repeatability. The fading signal was investigated for varying storage times up to 30 days . Graphical abstract

Commercial window glass (CWG) is studied for application as a bandpass filter, dosimetric system, and for shielding low-gamma ( γ ) energy. To evaluate its dosimetric characteristics, optical transmission ( T %) and thermoluminescence (TL) were measured, dosimetric features were determined, and the impact of CoO on the observed properties is discussed in detail. Transmission spectra before and after irradiation with γ-irradiation (1, 5, 10, and 20 kGy) were measured over a wavelength range of 200–900 nm. Differences in transmission bands at ~ 380, 530, 590, and ~ 645 nm were observed as a function of irradiation level, designating the usefulness of CWG as a bandpass filter. A broad TL glow peak at 210 °C was also observed before and after irradiation. The increase in TL intensity after irradiation suggests that additional luminescence trapping centers were created when the CWG was subjected to different irradiation doses. Additionally, the simple glow curve, linear TL response to a range of γ -doses, and a fading investigation of the CWG reveal its absorbed dose repeatability for periods of up to 32 days post-exposure. These results make CWG a good material for use in TL dosimetry. The linear attenuation coefficients were also experimentally and theoretically determined by γ -beam spectroscopy and the WinXCOM program, respectively. Gamma shielding parameters were also calculated for different γ energies. The obtained results demonstrate that the CWG is suitable for use as a protective shield against low-energy gamma rays (less than 60 keV). Furthermore, the fast neutron removal cross section was determined to be 0.087 cm −1 .

This study is carried out to predestine barium directly affects the shielding properties of the array of nickel-strengthened borosilicate glass composite. Accordingly, 20 Na 2 CO 3 –15 SiO 2 - 5NiO - (60-x) H 3 BO 3 - x BaCO 3 glass system where (x = 0, 5,10, 20, 30) has been prepared by using the melt cooling method. The physical and gamma attenuation properties are studied both in practice and theoretically using Phy-X online software. The recorded patterns of XRD for the prepared samples confirmed its amorphous nature. The molar volume and mass density of the prepared glass is linearly increased with BaCO 3 concentration. The coefficient of mass attenuation (μ m ) is directly proportional to BaCO 3 concentration at all photon energies. Shielding parameters such as half-value layer (HVL), exposure build-up factor (EBF) up to 40 mfp penetration depth, effective atomic number (Z eff ), at the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV, and the corresponding equivalent atomic number (Z eq ) were investigated. Fast neutron removal cross-section of the low concentration of BaCO 3 have a higher fast neutron removal cross-section than those doped previously prepared with a higher PbO mol%. The obtained results nominate the prepared glass composite for several shielding applications preferring the lead-free composites.

This paper presents an efficient and novel approach for malware detection. The proposed approach uses a hybrid wrapper-filter model for malware feature selection, which combines Maximum Relevance (MR) filter heuristics and Artificial Neural Net Input Gain Measurement Approximation (ANNIGMA) wrapper heuristic for sub-set selection by capitalizing on each classifier's strengths. The novelty of the proposed approach is that it injects the intrinsic characteristics of data obtained by the filter into the wrapper stage and combines this with wrapper's heuristic score. This in turn can reduce the search space and guide the search for the most significant malware features that assist in detection. The results of the model's performance on both obfuscated malware as well as benign datasets showed that the proposed hybrid MRANNIGMA model out-performed the independent filter and wrapper approaches by achieving the highest accuracy of 97%. Furthermore, this hybrid model improved execution time by using a more compact set of operation code features, and also reduced the rate of false positives.