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Developments in human rights during 2011 - situation in Syria - decisions of the European Court of Human Rights - bans on the burqa in Europe - Australian High Court decision to invalidate the transfer of asylum seekers to Malaysia - liability of corporations under the US Alien Tort Claims Act - cases relating to the death penalty in the US - capital punishment in other jurisdictions.

Developments in law and policy relating to international human rights law during 2010 - UN Summit on the millennium development goals - women's rights - family life - right to health care - impact of airport security measures on Sikhs - Alien Tort Statute decisions - capital punishment - US developments - brief survey of other jurisdictions.

Establishment of the United Nations Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review (UPR) - review of human rights protection in 48 member nations - 30th anniversary of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) - developments relating to the Convention - elections in Moldova - criticism of the US practice of transferring suspected terrorists to foreign countries without express legal authority - apartheid claims under the Alien Tort Claims Act - death penalty in the US and other jurisdictions - landmark decision of the European Court of Human Rights in Opuz v Turkey.

Review of legal developments in international human rights law during 2005 - the death penalty in the United States - the International Criminal Court - selected decisions of the European Court of Human Rights - rights of the child - Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions - European Union's Age Directive as implemented in the UK - bilateral agreements on deportation of terror suspects to countries with poor human rights records.

In 2006, the United Nations made profound and long-awaited strides in reforming the international human rights system, as member states voted to replace the much-maligned Commission on Human Rights with the new Human Rights Council. The Commission was roundly condemned both within and outside the United Nations for rampant corruption, politicization, and partisanship.

The prosecution made its final oral argument in February 2011, and the defense made its closing arguments in March 2011.48 On April 26, 2012, the Chamber delivered the final judgment in court, and on May 30, 2012, it sentenced Taylor to fifty years in prison.49 Both the prosecution and the defense have appealed various aspects of the judgment and sentence delivered by the Court.126 Iran sentenced five Arab minorities to be executed for terrorism-related charges in closed judicial proceedings and executed three Ahwazi Arab minorities for murder following secret proceedings.127 H. Iraq In Iraq, at least sixty-five people were executed in the first forty days of 2012, including fourteen on a single day, according to a Human Rights Watch report detailing over fifty crimes for which the death penalty is authorized.128 Saddam Hussein's former personal secretary, Abed Hamid Hmovd, was executed by hanging for crimes related to the violent crushing of the Shiite rebellion after the 1991 Gulf War.129 Iraq also imposed the death sentence on its former Sunni Vice-President, Tariq al-Hashimi, who was tried and convicted in absentia.130 I. Pakistan The fate of a Christian girl who potentially faced a death penalty for allegedly burning Islamic texts focused worldwide attention on capital blasphemy offenses.131 Judges in Pakistan are politically intimidated and pressured to impose the death sentence on anyone who insults Islam, a practice condemned in a statement issued by the Commonwealth Lawyers Association and the Bar Human Rights Committee.132 J. Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia executed at least sixty-five people in 2012 for a wide array of capital offenses.133 Capital offenders executed included individuals convicted of murder, robbery, drug offenses, \"witchcraft,\" adultery, and a joy-rider who struck and killed two people during a car stunt.134 K. Sudan Sudan sentenced a young woman convicted of adultery to death by stoning after she allegedly confessed following beatings from her brother.

Valparaiso University School of Law and the Christian Legal Society annually present a symposium on a critical public issue which is examined from a variety of perspectives. Between October 28-31, 1987, a major symposium was held entitled: “Perspectives on South African Liberation.” In the light of press and other media restrictions in effect since a state of emergency was declared in South Africa on June 12, 1986, and the banning of all political activity by 17 anti-apartheid organizations on February 24, 1988, it is crucial that the world community have access to current information and analysis concerning developments in that tragic land. The Pretoria regime has renewed the state of emergency for a third year following an unprecedented three-day nationwide protest strike on June 6-8 by more than two million black workers mobilized by the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and other anti-apartheid groups to protest the recent bannings, a proposed restrictive labor bill, the continuation of apartheid and the regime's violence. These comments are written on June 16, the 12th anniversary of the Soweto student uprising (now commonly known as South African Youth Day) as several million black workers again defied the regime by staying away from work in honor of the hundred of blacks killed following the 1976 protests against apartheid education.

\"18 Mozambique, like other African countries, is both \"a source and a destination country\" for human trafficking19 and the new law was a promising step forward in a region that had previously done litde to combat either internal or cross-border trafficking.20 C. SOUTHEAST ASIA Leaders of China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam signed the Joint Declaration of the Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative Against Human Trafficking (COMMIT Declaration) on December 14, 2007.21 The region is widely known as a hotbed of human trafficking,22 and the Declaration was \"aimed at identifying and protecting trafficked persons at every point in the trafficking cycle, and to ensure that all official actions with respect to trafficked persons protect their safety, dignity and rights.

In another war crimes case transferred from the ICTY to Bosnia, the Appellate Chamber of the Bosnian State Court increased the prison term of Radovan Stankovic from sixteen years to twenty years, stating that the original sentence had not met the purpose of punishment. Of approximately 240 cases of disappearances received by the Pakistan Supreme Court, 105 of the detainees were released, as reported by the government.328 Insofar as these releases were verified, they primarily came about due to increased pressure in 2007 by key individuals in the Pakistani judiciary emphasizing the rule of law and from international human rights groups, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. Accompanied by family or not, children displaced by the Iraq war face overcrowded living conditions, inadequate medical services, and deficient or nonexistent educational opportunities.335 In January 2007, UNHCR issued a \"Supplementary Appeal Iraq Situation Response\" (the \"Supplementary Appeal\") and then a joint appeal with UNICEF in July 2007, entitled, \"Providing Education Opportunities to Iraqi Children in Host Countries\" (the \"Joint Appeal\"), which focused on replenishing depleted funds that provide refugees with essential medical care, educational facilities, and healthy living conditions.336 The main objectives of the Supplementary Appeal are to provide emergency services by targeting the needs of the most vulnerable displaced persons.