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The Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) is a robotic arm-mounted instrument on NASA’s Perseverance rover. SHERLOC has two primary boresights. The Spectroscopy boresight generates spatially resolved chemical maps using fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy coupled to microscopic images (10.1 μm/pixel). The second boresight is a Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering (WATSON); a copy of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) that obtains color images from microscopic scales (∼13 μm/pixel) to infinity. SHERLOC Spectroscopy focuses a 40 μs pulsed deep UV neon-copper laser (248.6 nm), to a ∼100 μm spot on a target at a working distance of ∼48 mm. Fluorescence emissions from organics, and Raman scattered photons from organics and minerals, are spectrally resolved with a single diffractive grating spectrograph with a spectral range of 250 to ∼370 nm. Because the fluorescence and Raman regions are naturally separated with deep UV excitation (<250 nm), the Raman region ∼ 800 – 4000 cm−1 (250 to 273 nm) and the fluorescence region (274 to ∼370 nm) are acquired simultaneously without time gating or additional mechanisms. SHERLOC science begins by using an Autofocus Context Imager (ACI) to obtain target focus and acquire 10.1 μm/pixel greyscale images. Chemical maps of organic and mineral signatures are acquired by the orchestration of an internal scanning mirror that moves the focused laser spot across discrete points on the target surface where spectra are captured on the spectrometer detector. ACI images and chemical maps (< 100 μm/mapping pixel) will enable the first Mars in situ view of the spatial distribution and interaction between organics, minerals, and chemicals important to the assessment of potential biogenicity (containing CHNOPS). Single robotic arm placement chemical maps can cover areas up to 7x7 mm in area and, with the < 10 min acquisition time per map, larger mosaics are possible with arm movements. This microscopic view of the organic geochemistry of a target at the Perseverance field site, when combined with the other instruments, such as Mastcam-Z, PIXL, and SuperCam, will enable unprecedented analysis of geological materials for both scientific research and determination of which samples to collect and cache for Mars sample return.

The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum is pleased to present The Domestic Plane: New Perspectives on Tabletop Art Objects, a meta-group exhibition in five chapters-- organized by five curators, including more than seventy artists--that will feature tabletop art objects from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The experience could be likened to theatre, as viewers encounter objects that interact with each other, their audience, their setting, forging relationships to be examined and meanings to be discovered in their adventurous methods of display. The Domestic Plane will be on view at The Aldrich from May 20, 2018 to January 13, 2019.

The purpose of this qualitative case study is to evaluate and explore teachers’ perceptions of Title I schools and why they choose to continue teaching in this environment. The study is centered around the perception of teachers’ motivations to stay in Title I schools versus changing to a less stressful environment. The conceptual framework used in the study is the resilience framework. The collection of data will be accomplished through the use of surveying teachers in a Title I school and follow up interviews of the same teachers. Topics will consist of perceived benefits, rewards, and stresses that the teachers perceive to be happening inside the schools. Factors that are seen to be a benefit, reward, or stressor will be explored to understand the implications and consequences. Based on the results of the research further research could be required to understand more factors that influence the teachers in Title I schools.

Current dietary recommendations include 0.8 g/kg/day of protein to meet metabolic requirements of nitrogen and amino acids; however, a growing body of data has identified positive changes in weight, body composition, blood pressure, and metabolic markers with increased intake of protein. Related to increased protein intake, research has been directed toward various sources of protein and composition responsible for specific metabolic responses. Therefore, more research is needed to evaluate the effective use of protein to improve body weight and composition, and perceptions consumers have regarding the role of dietary protein in weight control/maintenance. The focus of this dissertation was two-fold, 1) to evaluate the effectiveness of increased protein intake for promoting weight loss and improving body composition in a controlled weight loss study, and 2) to evaluate the use of the practice of \"eating more protein\" to prevent weight gain among midlife women. Additionally, the activity of the Renin-Angiotensin system (RAS) was evaluated to assess related metabolic effects with protein intake. The first study described the effect of three weight loss diets on body composition, blood pressure, and RAS metabolites. Midlife participants were randomly assigned a control diet (15% protein), a mixed protein diet (30% protein), and a whey protein diet (15% mixed, 15% whey) condition for a 5 month period. Total body weight and fat loss between groups was not significantly different, but a trend toward greater body weight and fat loss was observed with the whey protein diet. No differences in RAS metabolites were observed between diets, but a statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure was observed with the whey protein diet. These results confirm that reduction of energy intake is the primary effective step in weight loss, but secondary effects of regional fat loss and decreased blood pressure may be achieved with a high protein diet containing whey protein. The second study described survey results of a national panel of midlife women regarding weight maintenance practices and weight self-efficacy. In this cross-sectional survey, \"eating more protein\" was identified as the fourth most common practice used to prevent weight gain. Self-reported weight loss over 2 years was associated with reporting the use of the eating more protein practice. Although those who gained and lost weight reported similar weight maintenance practices, those who lost weight had significantly higher Weight Efficacy Lifestyle scores than those who gained weight. Educating individuals on the best use of protein to encourage successful weight maintenance may enhance the results. In conclusion, while many metabolic effects have been identified with increased protein intake, the best use practices for weight maintenance and weight loss continue to be a significant research topic. Increased protein intake has been associated with increased satiety and insulin sensitivity, and decreased blood pressure. Whey protein intake in a high protein weight loss plan may further result in regional fat loss and decreased blood pressure, but the specific mechanisms have not been determined. Among a national sample, midlife women reported eating more protein to maintain weight, and high self-efficacy was associated with successful weight maintenance.

Pure cultures of the Florida \"red-tide\" flagellate required light and carbon dioxide for growth. Multiplication in darkness was not supported by any of a number of organic compounds and mixtures. The ecological importance of micro-nutrients is suggested.

Oysters exposed to laboratory cultures of the fish-killing dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve, are toxic when fed to chicks. The ecological significance of this result is interpreted in relation to the scarcity of well-documented reports of shellfish poisoning in higher animals from those areas of the Gulf of Mexico in which G. breve \"blooms\" occur.

The purpose of this research was twofold. First, develop an understanding of the properties of the Ti-Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ solid phase reaction and the crystalline phases which form during the reaction. Second, develop models to explain the observed reaction properties and phase instabilities; models based on the Ti-Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ solid phase reaction but applicable to other metal-semiconductor ternary alloys. Initially the Ti-Si and Ti-Ge solid phase reactions and Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ binary alloys were investigated to gain insight into the reactions and properties of these materials. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis was used to investigate the atomic bonding structure and composition of C54 TiSi$\\sb2$, C54 TiGe$\\sb2$, and Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ alloys (the Ge-Ge and Ge-Si bond lengths in crystalline Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ alloys were compared with the conflicting results of existing analytical models and previous XAFS studies). The binary and ternary reactions were also characterized using Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and four point probe resistivity measurements. The Ti-Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ solid phase reaction and the effects of Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ alloy composition on the reaction were examined. It was determined that the Ti-Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ reaction follows one of three different reaction paths depending on the initial alloy composition. The C54 Ti(Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x)\\sb2$ nucleation temperature was observed to be a function of alloy composition. The morphology and stability of the resulting C54 germanosilicides were also directly correlated to the Ti-Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ reaction path. It was observed that during the Ti-Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ reaction C54 Ti(Si$\\rm\\sb{1-y}Ge\\sb y)\\sb2$ initially forms with a Ge index y approximately the same as the Ge index x of the Si$\\rm\\sb{1-x}Ge\\sb x$ substrate (i.e., y $\\approx$ x). However, with subsequent annealing Ge segregates out of the C54 (which promotes the agglomeration of the C54 grains). Similar Ge segregation was observed for the C49 phase of TiM$\\sb2$. The segregation was modeled in terms of the energetics and kinetics of the reaction. The models were developed specifically for the Ti-Si-Ge ternary system but are generally applicable to other ternary metal-semiconductor systems.