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Exosomes are small vesicles produced by almost all cells in the body and found in all biofluids. Cancer cell-derived exosomes are known to have distinct, measurable signatures, applicable for early cancer diagnosis. Despite the present bibliometric studies on \"Cancer detection\" and \"Nanoparticles\", no single study exists to deal with \"Exosome\" bibliometric study. This bibliometric work investigated the publication trends of \"Exosomes\" nanoparticles and its application in cancer detection, for the literature from 2008 to July 2019. The data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. There were variant visual maps generated to show annual publication, most- relevant authors, sources, countries, topics and keywords. The network analysis of these studies was investigated to evaluate the research trends in the field of exosomes. In addition, the data were qualitatively analyzed according to 22 top-cited articles, illustrating the frequently used subjects and methods in exosomes research area. The results showed that the documents in this field have improved the citation rate. The top-relevant papers are mostly published in Scientific Reports journal which has lost its popularity after 2017, while today, Analytical Chemistry is leading in publishing the most articles related to exosomes. The documents containing keywords of plasma, cells, cancer, biomarkers, and vesicles as keywords plus, are more likely to be published in PLoS One journal. The clustering of the keywords network showed that the keyword theme of \"extracellular vesicles\" has the highest centrality rate. In global research, USA is the most corresponding country, followed by China, Korea and Australia. Based on the qualitative analysis, the published documents with at least 50 citations have used exosome release, cargo, detection, purification and secretion, as their targets and applied cell culture or isolation as their methods. The bibliometric study on exosomes nanoparticles for cancer detection provides a clear vision of the future research direction and identifies the potential opportunities and challenges. This may lead new researchers to select the proper subfields in exosome-related research fields.

Overweight and obesity are major global public health concerns, and they are increasingly recognized as side effects of long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLHIV). As ART improves life expectancy, weight gain and associated comorbidities have emerged as new challenges in HIV care. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors with overweight and obesity among people living with HIV(PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Benin’s National Teaching Hospital. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over a three-month period, from December 17, 2023, to February 10, 2024. Data were collected through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, univariable, and multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between overweight/obesity and demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study population was 49.4%, with a significantly higher prevalence in females (36.8%) than males (12.6%). Multivariable analysis identified female sex (aOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.5–4.1; p  < 0.001) and hypertension (aOR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.6–4.1; p  < 0.001) as strong independent predictors of overweight and obesity. Conversely, a high viral load (> 1000 copies/ml) was inversely associated with excess weight (aOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9; p  = 0.050). In summary, nearly half of PLHIV on ART were overweight or obese. Female sex and hypertension increased the risk, while high viral load was linked to lower weight. These findings underline the need for integrated care approaches that address weight management in HIV treatment programs.

Recently, various research studies have been developed to address communication sensors for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs). In particular, when pondering control difficulties, communication is a crucial component. To this end, strengthening a control algorithm with redundant linking sensors ensures the overall system works accurately, even if some components fail. This paper proposes a novel approach to integrate several sensors and actuators for a heavy Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Additionally, a cutting-edge Robust Thrust Vectoring Control (RTVC) technique is designed to control various communicative modules during a flying mission and converge the attitude system to stability. The results of the study demonstrate that even though RTVC is not frequently utilized, it works as well as cascade PID controllers, particularly for multi-rotors with mounted flaps, and could be perfectly functional in UAVs powered by thermal engines to increase the autonomy since the propellers cannot be used as controller surfaces.

The rapid progress of nanotechnology has inevitably led to the increasing presence of nanopollutants in aquatic environments. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), or nanosilver, are among the most widely used nanomaterials owing to their unique biocidal properties; however, nanotoxicological concerns have risen in parallel with their expanding applications. Freshwater systems represent one of the most important final sinks for these contaminants, and fish are widely used test organisms for toxicological assessment due to their sensitivity, physiological complexity, and multiple exposure routes. This mini-review aimed to synthesize current knowledge on surface-driven AgNP toxicity in freshwater fish, focusing on the role of capping agents, eco-corona formation, and environmentally relevant transformations. A structured literature search across five databases was conducted following the reporting guidelines of the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), retrieving 21 studies that met the inclusion criteria of waterborne exposure and at least one comparative ecotoxicological assessment of surface modulators. Evidence indicates that surface coating clearly influences toxicological outcomes; however, contradictions remain regarding whether toxicity is driven by the coating itself, the nanoparticle, or Ag⁺ release, with particle size and surface charge emerging as the most consistent physicochemical drivers. Humic and fulvic substances represent the most studied environmental modifiers and generally exert mitigating effects on AgNP toxicity, while also markedly influencing particle fate and bioavailability. Knowledge gaps persist regarding exposures at environmentally relevant concentrations, the ecotoxicity of green-synthesized AgNP in fish, and the underrepresentation of eco-corona studies relative to coating-focused research, reflecting the current state of the literature in this field.

This bibliometric study investigated the public trends in the fields of nanoparticles which is limited to drug delivery and magnetic nanoparticles’ literature published from 1980 to October 2017. The data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collections, and a network analysis of research outputs was carried out to analyse the research trends in the nanoparticles literature. Nanoparticles and its applications are progressing in recent years. The results show that documents in the field of nanoparticles in chemistry and material science have improved in citation rate, as the authors were researching in multidisciplinary zones. Top-cited documents are mainly focusing on drug delivery, magnetic nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles which are also the top research keywords in all papers published. Top-cited papers are mostly published in Biomaterials journal which so far has published 12% of top-cited articles. Although research areas such as contrast agents, quantum dots, and nanocrystals are not considered as the top-ranked keywords in all documents, these keywords received noticeable citations. The trends of publications on drug delivery and magnetic nanoparticles give a general view on future research and identify potential opportunities and challenges.

BackgroundOverminus lens is an effective non-surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT). Whether this treatment causes development of myopia is recently debated. This study evaluated ocular biometric changes in IXT children treated with and without overminus lens.MethodsChildren with IXT were randomly assigned to control and overminus groups. Cycloplegic refraction, axial length and other parameters (keratometry, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness) were evaluated for up to 30 months and compared between the groups. Axial length to corneal curvature (AL/CR) ratio was examined as an indicator of myopia progression. Changes prior to and after overminus were also assessed in a subgroup.ResultsMean age of the total 84 subjects (58% women) was 7.2 years (range 4–15 years). Baseline refractive and biometric parameters of 39 control and 45 overminus subjects were not significantly different. Mean±SD change in refraction was −0.34±0.45D in controls and −0.41±0.66D in overminus group (p=0.527). AL increased by 0.29±0.20 millimetre (mm) in controls and 0.28±0.23 mm in overminus group (p=0.766). In the subgroup, the changes before and after overminus therapy was not significantly different (p>0.05). AL/CR ratio was maintained from baseline to follow-up visit (p=0.298) in both groups.ConclusionNo significant differences in biometry or refraction were found between the two groups and before and after the therapy. We conclude that the overminus therapy in children, not accounting for other myopia risk factors, does not affect normal refractive growths.

This systematic literature review describes the epidemiology of dengue disease in Mexico (2000-2011). The annual number of uncomplicated dengue cases reported increased from 1,714 in 2000 to 15,424 in 2011 (incidence rates of 1.72 and 14.12 per 100,000 population, respectively). Peaks were observed in 2002, 2007, and 2009. Coastal states were most affected by dengue disease. The age distribution pattern showed an increasing number of cases during childhood, a peak at 10-20 years, and a gradual decline during adulthood. All four dengue virus serotypes were detected. Although national surveillance is in place, there are knowledge gaps relating to asymptomatic cases, primary/secondary infections, and seroprevalence rates of infection in all age strata. Under-reporting of the clinical spectrum of the disease is also problematic. Dengue disease remains a serious public health problem in Mexico.

Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and may be influenced by sleep quality; evidence from Benin remains limited. We assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety among PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and evaluated their association with sleep quality. We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study at Benin's National Teaching Hospital from December 2023 to February 2024. Adults on ART ≥ 6 months were randomly sampled from the clinic registry. Validated tools were used: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, moderate-or-worse threshold ≥ 10; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, poor sleep > 5. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors independently associated with depression and anxiety. Among 312 participants (68.3% female; mean age 44.3 ± 12.3 years), the prevalence of depression and anxiety was 20.8% (n/N = 65/312) and 12.8% (n/N = 40/312), respectively; poor sleep quality was common (57.1%, n/N = 178/312). Good sleep quality was independently protective for both depression with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.2-0.6 and anxiety (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.9). Age ≥ 44 years was associated with higher odds of anxiety (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.0-4.5), while other sociodemographic and clinical covariates were not independently associated. Moderate-or-worse depressive and anxiety symptoms are frequent among PLHIV in this setting, and sleep quality shows a robust independent association with both outcomes. Integrating routine mental-health and sleep screening with clear referral pathways within ART services is warranted; longitudinal and interventional studies should test whether improving sleep reduces symptoms and enhances ART outcomes.

The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis and has been a key driver in the catastrophic decline of amphibians globally. While many strategies have been proposed to mitigate Bd outbreaks, few have been successful. In recent years, the use of probiotic formulations that protect an amphibian host by killing or inhibiting Bd have shown promise as an effective chytridiomycosis control strategy. The North American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is a common carrier of Bd and harbours a diverse skin microbiota that includes lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a microbial group containing species classified as safe and conferring host benefits. We investigated beneficial/probiotic properties: anti-Bd activity, and adhesion and colonisation characteristics (hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide-EPS production) in two confirmed LAB (cLAB-Enterococcus gallinarum CRL 1826, Lactococcus garvieae CRL 1828) and 60 presumptive LAB (pLAB) [together named as LABs] isolated from bullfrog skin.We challenged LABs against eight genetically diverse Bd isolates and found that 32% of the LABs inhibited at least one Bd isolate with varying rates of inhibition. Thus, we established a score of sensitivity from highest (BdGPL AVS7) to lowest (BdGPL C2A) for the studied Bd isolates. We further reveal key factors underlying host adhesion and colonisation of LABs. Specifically, 90.3% of LABs exhibited hydrophilic properties that may promote adhesion to the cutaneous mucus, with the remaining isolates (9.7%) being hydrophobic in nature with a surface polarity compatible with colonisation of acidic, basic or both substrate types. We also found that 59.7% of LABs showed EPS synthesis and 66.1% produced biofilm at different levels: 21% weak, 29% moderate, and 16.1% strong. Together all these properties enhance colonisation of the host surface (mucus or epithelial cells) and may confer protective benefits against Bd through competitive exclusion. Correspondence analysis indicated that biofilm synthesis was LABs specific with high aggregating bacteria correlating with strong biofilm producers, and EPS producers being correlated to negative biofilm producing LABs. We performed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis and demonstrated a higher degree of genetic diversity among rod-shaped pLAB than cocci. Based on the LAB genetic analysis and specific probiotic selection criteria that involve beneficial properties, we sequenced 16 pLAB which were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus thailandicus, Lactobacillus pentosus/L. plantarum, L. brevis, and L. curvatus. Compatibility assays performed with cLAB and the 16 species described above indicate that all tested LAB can be included in a mixed probiotic formula. Based on our analyses, we suggest that E. gallinarum CRL 1826, L. garvieae CRL 1828, and P. pentosaceus 15 and 18B represent optimal probiotic candidates for Bd control and mitigation.

Abstract Prior to the abolition of slavery, the colonial administration of Saint Barthélemy instituted a system of convict labor for convicts of minor crimes, intended to institute labor discipline as well as reducing the cost of clearing up public lots. In accordance with this system, a person who could not pay their fine would have it converted to convict labor for a period ranging from a week up to a year. While this system was inspired by other legal systems of labor discipline on nearby islands, in particular St Kitts, in St Barthélemy it operated under different circumstances, due to the lack of plantations. Even if it was ostensibly intended to support a struggling economy and reduce public expenditure, it primarily functioned to enforce social structures between classes and races through largely unproductive labor tasks.