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"Alexander, Lloyd"
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The marvelous misadventures of Sebastian : a grand extravaganza, including a performance by the entire cast of the Gallimaufry-Theatricus
When he loses his place as fourth fiddler in a noble household, Sebastian sets out into the world to seek his fortune.
Book
Volatile loss from melt inclusions in pyroclasts of differing sizes
We have investigated the loss of H
2
O from olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MIs) by designing an experiment using tephra samples that cooled at different rates owing to their different sizes: ash, lapilli, and bomb samples that were deposited on the same day (10/17/74) of the sub-Plinian eruption of Volcán de Fuego in Guatemala. Ion microprobe, laser ablation-ICPMS, and electron probe analyses show that MIs from ash and lapilli record the highest H
2
O contents, up to 4.4 wt%. On the other hand, MIs from bombs indicate up to 30 % lower H
2
O contents (loss of ~1 wt% H
2
O) and 10 % post-entrapment crystallization of olivine. This evidence is consistent with the longer cooling time available for a bomb-sized clast, up to 10 min for a 3–4-cm radius bomb, assuming conductive cooling and the fastest H diffusivities measured in olivine (D~10
−9
to 10
−10
m
2
/s). On the other hand, several lines of evidence point to some water loss prior to eruption, during magma ascent and degassing in the conduit. Thus, results point to both slower post-eruptive cooling and slower magma ascent affecting MIs from bombs, leading to H
2
O loss over the timescale of minutes to hours. The important implication of this study is that a significant portion of the published data on H
2
O concentrations in olivine-hosted MIs may reflect unrecognized H
2
O loss via diffusion. This work highlights the importance of reporting clast and MI sizes in order to assess diffusive effects and the potential benefit of using water loss as a chronometer of magma ascent.
Journal Article
The remarkable journey of Prince Jen
Bearing six unusual gifts, young Prince Jen embarks on a perilous quest and emerges triumphantly into manhood.
Book
Association between thermal responses, medical events, performance, heat acclimation and health status in male and female elite athletes during the 2019 Doha World Athletics Championships
PurposeTo determine associations between thermal responses, medical events, performance, heat acclimation and health status during a World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions.MethodsFrom 305 marathon and race-walk starters, 83 completed a preparticipation questionnaire on health and acclimation. Core (Tcore; ingestible pill) and skin (Tskin; thermal camera) temperatures were measured in-competition in 56 and 107 athletes, respectively. 70 in-race medical events were analysed retrospectively. Performance (% personal best) and did not finish (DNF) were extracted from official results.ResultsPeak Tcore during competition reached 39.6°C±0.6°C (maximum 41.1°C). Tskin decreased from 32.2°C±1.3°C to 31.0°C±1.4°C during the races (p<0.001). Tcore was not related to DNF (25% of starters) or medical events (p≥0.150), whereas Tskin, Tskin rate of decrease and Tcore-to-Tskin gradient were (p≤0.029). A third of the athletes reported symptoms in the 10 days preceding the event, mainly insomnia, diarrhoea and stomach pain, with diarrhoea (9% of athletes) increasing the risk of in-race medical events (71% vs 17%, p<0.001). Athletes (63%) who performed 5–30 days heat acclimation before the competition: ranked better (18±13 vs 28±13, p=0.009), displayed a lower peak Tcore (39.4°C±0.4°C vs 39.8°C±0.7°C, p=0.044) and larger in-race decrease in Tskin (−1.4°C±1.0°C vs −0.9°C±1.2°C, p=0.060), than non-acclimated athletes. Although not significant, they also showed lower DNF (19% vs 30%, p=0.273) and medical events (19% vs 32%, p=0.179).ConclusionTskin, Tskin rate of decrease and Tcore-to-Tskin gradient were important indicators of heat tolerance. While heat-acclimated athletes ranked better, recent diarrhoea represented a significant risk factor for DNF and in-race medical events.
Journal Article
The rope trick
Motivated by her quest to learn a legendary rope trick, the magician Princess Lidi and her troupe embark on a journey through Renaissance Italy that intertwines adventure, love, and mystery.
Book
Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships
PurposeTo characterise hydration, cooling, body mass loss, and core (Tcore) and skin (Tsk) temperatures during World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions.MethodsMarathon and race-walk (20 km and 50 km) athletes (n=83, 36 women) completed a pre-race questionnaire. Pre-race and post-race body weight (n=74), Tcore (n=56) and Tsk (n=49; thermography) were measured.ResultsMost athletes (93%) had a pre-planned drinking strategy (electrolytes (83%), carbohydrates (81%)) while ice slurry was less common (11%; p<0.001). More men than women relied on electrolytes and carbohydrates (91%–93% vs 67%–72%, p≤0.029). Drinking strategies were based on personal experience (91%) rather than external sources (p<0.001). Most athletes (80%) planned pre-cooling (ice vests (53%), cold towels (45%), neck collars (21%) and ice slurry (21%)) and/or mid-cooling (93%; head/face dousing (65%) and cold water ingestion (52%)). Menthol usage was negligible (1%–2%). Pre-race Tcore was lower in athletes using ice vests (37.5°C±0.4°C vs 37.8°C±0.3°C, p=0.024). Tcore (pre-race 37.7°C±0.3°C, post-race 39.6°C±0.6°C) was independent of event, ranking or performance (p≥0.225). Pre-race Tsk was correlated with faster race completion (r=0.32, p=0.046) and was higher in non-finishers (did not finish (DNF); 33.8°C±0.9°C vs 32.6°C±1.4°C, p=0.017). Body mass loss was higher in men than women (−2.8±1.5% vs −1.3±1.6%, p<0.001), although not associated with performance.ConclusionMost athletes’ hydration strategies were pre-planned based on personal experience. Ice vests were the most adopted pre-cooling strategy and the only one minimising Tcore, suggesting that event organisers should be cognisant of logistics (ie, freezers). Dehydration was moderate and unrelated to performance. Pre-race Tsk was related to performance and DNF, suggesting that Tsk modulation should be incorporated into pre-race strategies.
Journal Article
The iron ring
Driven by his sense of \"dharma,\" or honor, young King Tamar sets off on a perilous journey, with a significance greater than he can imagine, during which he meets talking animals, villainous and noble kings, demons, and the love of his life.
Book
Patch Foraging in Adolescence and Adulthood : Examining the Role of Developmental, Cognitive and Social Factors in Foraging Behaviour
Adolescence, a period of significant physical, social, and neurobiological change, coincides with a rise in novelty-seeking behaviours. Recent theories propose that seeking novel experiences supports adolescents to explore their surroundings and gain the experiential knowledge necessary for adulthood. In Chapters 3, 4 and 5 I address the first aim of this thesis, which was to identify the computational mechanisms that contribute to the rise of novelty-seeking in adolescence. I utilised a patch foraging paradigm which measures the individual's preference for exploiting rewards that are immediately available or exploring novel patches in their environment to search for a potentially larger reward. In Chapters 3 and 4, I demonstrate that adolescents aged 16-17 explored more and integrated reward feedback faster than adults aged 21+. In Chapter 5, I demonstrate that stochasticity is a critical mechanism that facilitates novelty seeking in volatile environments for adolescents aged 16-17 and adults aged 24+. The second aim of this thesis was to test whether social influence differentially affects novelty seeking in adolescence compared to adulthood. However, in Chapter 6 I found that both adolescents' and adults' exploration behaviours are susceptible to social influence. The final aim of this thesis was to test the predictions of a theory that explains how experiences of adversity during childhood impact decision-making in adulthood. In Chapter 7, I demonstrate that adults who have been exposed to adversity explore their surroundings less and underweight reward feedback compared to individuals without these experiences, supporting the predictions of a theory explaining how adversity impacts decision-making. The findings of this thesis demonstrate that heightened exploration in adolescence is associated with positive outcomes, though these behaviours are susceptible to social influence and adverse experiences, highlighting potential avenues for intervention to protect adolescents from harmful outcomes and promote positive outcomes for this age group.
Dissertation
The Arkadians
To escape the wrath of the king and his wicked soothsayers, an honest young man joins with a poet-turned-jackass and a young girl with mystical powers on a series of epic adventures.
Book
Proteomic Analysis of Nuclear HBV rcDNA Associated Proteins Identifies UV-DDB as a Host Factor Involved in cccDNA Formation
Despite the lifecycle of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) being extensively investigated and described, there remains a significant gap in our knowledge of arguably one of the most crucial steps in the HBV lifecycle, the formation and maintenance of a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) reservoir. Advancements in our understanding of host factors and pathways involved in cccDNA formation have been made through hypothesis driven studies and shRNA/siRNA screenings. We sought to create a targeted-unbiased assay to directly observe host factor-rcDNA interactions. This was achieved through an rcDNA Co-Immunoprecipitation paired Mass Spectrometry (rcDNA-CoIP/MS) assay. We created a DNA oligo complimentary to the open portion of the HBV rcDNA, labeled with biotin, to facilitate easy precipitation of nuclear rcDNA and complexed proteins. Proteins precipitated were analyzed through liquid chromatography paired mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Along with previously reported host factors, several factors of DNA damage repair pathways/complexes were also identified. A component of the UV-DDB complex, DDB1, surfaced as a hit. UV-DDB/rcDNA binding was confirmed through ChIP-qPCR. DDB2, the DNA damage binding component of the UV-DDB complex was knocked out in HepG2-NTCP and HepAD38 cells. This resulted in a significant decrease in the formation of cccDNA in DDB2 knockout cell lines following infection or induction. The subsequent reduction of downstream indicators of cccDNA formation such as viral RNA and proteins, HBcAg and HBeAg, showed a consistent decrease with cccDNA levels. Ectopic expression of DDB2 in the knockout cell lines rescued HBV phenotypes of cccDNA levels and its downstream indicators. Inactive mutant DDB2 plasmids were also transfected into the DDB2 K/O cell lines and failed to rescue cccDNA indicators. We therefore showed through a novel assay that we can discover novel viral rcDNA-host interactions, such as the UV-DDB complex recruiting DNA repair pathways to “repair” rcDNA to cccDNA.
Dissertation