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Star Wars origami : 36 amazing paper-folding projects from a galaxy far, far away--
Everything you need to create a galaxy of Star Wars characters, ships, droids, weapons, and more.
Book
Negative order sobolev cubatures: preconditioners of partial differential equation learning tasks circumventing numerical stiffness
We present a variational approach aimed at enhancing the training of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and more general surrogate models for learning partial differential equations (PDE). In particular, we extend our formerly introduced notion of Sobolev cubatures to negative orders, enabling the approximation of negative order Sobolev norms. We mathematically prove the effect of negative order Sobolev cubatures in improving the condition number of discrete PDE learning problems, providing balancing scalars that mitigate numerical stiffness issues caused by loss imbalances. Additionally, we consider polynomial surrogate models ( PSMs ), which maintain the flexibility of PINN formulations while preserving the convexity structure of the PDE operators. The combination of negative order Sobolev cubatures and PSMs delivers well-conditioned discrete optimization problems, solvable via an exponentially fast convergent gradient descent for λ -convex losses. Our theoretical contributions are supported by numerical experiments, addressing linear and non-linear, forward and inverse PDE problems. These experiments show that the Sobolev cubature-based PSMs emerge as the superior state-of-the-art PINN technique.
Journal Article
‘The Most Saving Slum in Glasgow, and the Most Abandoned’: Twentieth-Century Materiality and Twenty-First Century Virtuality in the Jewish Gorbals, Scotland
In 1905, Yiddish poet and Glasgow union activist Avrom Radutsky described the Jewish population of Scotland as ‘a mere drop in the ocean’. Nevertheless, by 1920 this drop had swelled to 20,000 people, centred primarily (though by no means exclusively) around the Gorbals in Glasgow. The area was characterised by vibrant community life, but also cramped low-quality housing, poor sanitation and harsh economic inequality. Many of Glasgow’s Jews began to climb a social ladder that would lead them out of the Gorbals and towards more spacious residences in the south-west of the city, but maintained regular contact with its streets, shops and places of worship. Large-scale demolition of the neighbourhood in the 1960s mean that the Gorbals looks very different today, and the Jews are gone. The Jewishness of this space, however, still remains: a remembered or imagined presence in the minds of second and third generations, celebrated through community outreach, or romantically evoked in popular narratives. Equally, an absence of Jewish life in today’s Gorbals has been paralleled by the emergence of wide-ranging and socially minded virtual networks of shared memory. Through analysis of contemporary accounts and archival sources, oral histories, fieldwork interviews, and lively online discussion groups, this article examines how this former densely populated Jewish neighbourhood now functions as an important lieu de memoire, but in a significantly different way to Eastern Europe’s pre-war Jewish spaces. At the geographical edges of more traumatic histories, the Gorbals instead provides an affective link for contemporary, assimilated Scottish Jews, while at the same time the area’s Jewish history becomes part of a wider virtual online community – signifying an emotional connection to immigrant narratives and grounding personal and social histories.
Journal Article
“It’s Not a Specific Klezmer Thing, It’s a Specific Me Thing”: Klezmer Accordion in Berlin
Historically an instrument of indeterminate status, the klezmer accordion in Berlin is today a creative space around which concepts of style, idiom, and ensemble communication are performed and negotiated. Through detailed interview material with the disproportionate number of world-class practitioners active in the city, this article traces the role and network relations of the instrument in contemporary klezmer music. In the process it reveals a richly textured approach that makes creative use of the accordion’s cultural ambiguity and musical versatility while at the same time highlighting the tensions surrounding performance aesthetics, personal expression, and being “in the tradition.”
Journal Article
Narratives of Here and of Elsewhere in Scottish-Jewish Music: Meyer Fomin and Isaac Hirshow
This article analyzes the role of music in the negotiation of Scottish-Jewish identity in early twentieth-century Glasgow through the lives and work of Isaac Hirshow (1883-1956) and Meyer Fomin (1888-1960), cantors of Garnethill and South Portland Street synagogues, respectively. Both men were born in Vitebsk Guberniya, both established their reputations in Warsaw, and both moved to Glasgow in the early 1920s, remaining there for the rest of their lives. An analysis of these men's parallel journeys suggests a fruitful dialogue between their own backgrounds and the varied identities of their Scottish congregations. Drawing on archive materials, newspaper reports, and musical examples, I therefore explore the ways in which these cantors and their music were both metonymic of a real and known Eastern Europe for immigrant populations, but also metaphoric of an (often fondly) imagined Eastern Other to those for whom roots were often multiple. I then discuss in detail a number of musical texts created by the two men after their arrival in the United Kingdom: a series of commercial recordings made by Fomin in 1922, and a cantata written by Hirshow as part of his 1938 BMus degree. These texts capture a perspective that looks two ways at once—to the “tradition” and history of Eastern Europe, and to the modernity of the West and the acculturation of an immigrant experience. They thus speak to a moment of transition, simultaneously framing and problematizing discourses of authenticity as expressed through material cultural production.
Journal Article
'Our city of love and of slaughter': Berlin klezmer and the politics of place
Although it claims little historical connection to klezmer music or Yiddish culture, the city of Berlin has hosted one of the most dynamic klezmer scenes of the past 20 years. This article analyses ways that place has been made to function as a meaningful unit in the music and lyrics of several artists living and working in Berlin, localising the transnational klezmer revival discourse by rooting the city in their music. Building on Adam Krims' theory of 'urban ethos', I explore how the contemporary city is emplaced in its klezmer music, arguing that these processes of signification allow us to hear contrasting articulations of Berlin. The native Berliners ?Shmaltz! frame their city as an escapist gateway, the American songwriter Daniel Kahn sees a site of painfully unresolved history and the internationalist Knoblauch Klezmer band locate Berlin as an embodiment of playfully multilingual performativity.
Journal Article
PyLIT: Reformulation and implementation of the analytic continuation problem using kernel representation methods
Path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations are a cornerstone for studying quantum many-body systems. The analytic continuation (AC) needed to estimate dynamic quantities from these simulations is an inverse Laplace transform, which is ill-conditioned. If this inversion were surmounted, then dynamical observables (e.g. dynamic structure factor (DSF) \\(S(q,\\omega)\\)) could be extracted from the imaginary-time correlation functions estimates. Although of important, the AC problem remains challenging due to its ill-posedness. To address this challenge, we express the DSF as a linear combination of kernel functions with known Laplace transforms that have been tailored to satisfy its physical constraints. We use least-squares optimization regularized with a Bayesian prior to determine the coefficients of this linear combination. We explore various regularization term, such as the commonly used entropic regularizer, as well as the Wasserstein distance and \\(L^2\\)-distance as well as techniques for setting the regularization weight. A key outcome is the open-source package PyLIT (\\textbf{Py}thon \\textbf{L}aplace \\textbf{I}nverse \\textbf{T}ransform), which leverages Numba and unifies the presented formulations. PyLIT's core functionality is kernel construction and optimization. In our applications, we find PyLIT's DSF estimates share qualitative features with other more established methods. We identify three key findings. Firstly, independent of the regularization choice, utilizing non-uniform grid point distributions reduced the number of unknowns and thus reduced our space of possible solutions. Secondly, the Wasserstein distance, a previously unexplored regularizer, performs as good as the entropic regularizer while benefiting from its linear gradient. Thirdly, future work can meaningfully combine regularized and stochastic optimization. (text cut for char. limit)
Paper