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Background Isolated fallopian tube torsion is a rare but critical gynecologic emergency that often presents a diagnostic challenge owing to its nonspecific symptoms and infrequent occurrence. Case presentation This paper discusses the case of a 37-year-old Saudi female who was hospitalized with acute right lower quadrant pain, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The initial differential diagnosis included ovarian torsion and appendicitis. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a right fallopian tube twisted five times, which was later confirmed to be necrotic. Given the irreversible damage to the fallopian tube, a right salpingectomy was performed. The patient recovered well postoperatively and was discharged after 48 h without complications. Conclusion This case report underscores the importance of considering isolated fallopian tube torsion in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain and highlights the need for prompt surgical intervention to prevent severe complications. The rarity of isolated tubal torsion, normal Doppler findings despite significant torsion, and the surgical management decisions impacting fertility make this case an informative addition to current literature.

Background: Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally, making the effective management of treatment side effects, especially chemotherapy extravasation, crucial. Extravasation can cause severe complications, highlighting the pivotal role of oncology nurses in patient care.Methods: This systematic review examined literature from 2004 to 2023, using databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. The focus was on oncology nurses' knowledge and practices regarding the management of chemotherapy extravasation. Key search terms were based on MeSH descriptors, with Boolean operators used to refine the search results.Results: The review identified significant barriers in nursing practice, including inadequate knowledge of the signs, risk factors, and management protocols related to extravasation. It emphasized the need for specialized training programs, which have been shown to improve nurses' competency and reduce patient complaints about extravasation. Evidence also indicated that well-structured educational initiatives enhanced nurses' ability to recognize early signs of vascular damage and implement the necessary interventions.Conclusion: Effective management of chemotherapy extravasation is critical for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. This review emphasizes the need for continuous education and training for oncology nurses to equip them with the skills necessary to address and reduce complications associated with chemotherapy. Future research should focus on developing targeted training programs and evaluating their impact on nursing practice and patient safety.

Background Dowling–Degos disease is a rare genodermatosis disorder that presents as an autosomal dominant trait during late childhood or in adolescence and is also known as reticulate pigmented anomaly of flexures, Dowling–Degos–Kitamura, or dark dot disease. Dowling–Degos disease is characterized by acquired reticular hyperpigmentation, and manifests as a clustered or reticulated pattern mainly at flexural sites, especially in the folds of the skin with comedone-like follicular papules and pitted perioral scars. It appears in both genders but is more likely in females. Case presentation A 23-year-old Jordanian male presented with progressive hyperpigmented macules and papules on his forehead, initially managed with Triderma cream without improvement. Histopathological examination via punch biopsies revealed features consistent with Dowling–Degos disease, excluding malignancy. Treatment was transitioned to sunblock, depigmenting agents (Isis Unit One 4 White), and moisturizers, resulting in significant fading of lesions after 8 months. Genetic counseling was provided owing to the hereditary nature of Dowling–Degos disease, and long-term management strategies were emphasized. Conclusion Dowling–Degos disease is a rare genodermatosis that can cause significant psychological distress and a decline in quality of life. Despite challenging treatment, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for improving patient outcomes and managing the elevated risk of skin cancers.

Background Mental health treatment, particularly through psychotropic medications, is becoming increasingly prominent worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, the acceptance and understanding of these treatments are shaped by unique cultural and social factors. Despite some awareness, there remains a need for deeper insights into the public's perceptions and knowledge of psychotropic medications. This study aims to examine the awareness levels of psychotropic medications among the Saudi population, their perceived benefits and risks, the prevalence of their use, and any demographic differences in these perceptions. Methods Employing a quantitative, cross-sectional design, this study collected data via an online questionnaire from Saudi residents aged 18 and above. The questionnaire, validated by experts, covered demographic details, awareness and knowledge of psychotropic medications, and personal or vicarious experiences with these medications. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), applying descriptive and inferential statistics to provide a comprehensive view of the current landscape. The study was conducted over four weeks, from May 1, 2024, to May 31, 2024. Results The study indicated a demographic skew towards younger individuals, with a significant predominance of female respondents (70.86%, n=1024). A notable 63.52% (n=922) of participants reported being aware of psychotropic medications. Regarding knowledge, 37.83% (n=549) of respondents were somewhat knowledgeable about the benefits, while 37.57% (n=545) were somewhat knowledgeable about the risks. The prevalence of use was reported by 41.92% (n=608) of respondents, mainly through acquaintances rather than personal use. Younger, predominantly female, and well-educated individuals demonstrated higher levels of awareness and acceptance of psychotropic medications. Significant variations in perceptions were observed based on age, gender, and educational level. Respondents aged 18-24 years (52.52%, n=762) were significantly more likely to be aware of psychotropic medications (p < 0.01), and female respondents showed a higher acceptance rate (p < 0.05). Educational level also played a crucial role, with college-educated individuals (63.38%, n=919) displaying greater acceptance and awareness compared to those with only a high school education (28.24%, n=409) (p < 0.01). The general opinion on the effectiveness and adequacy of public information about psychotropic medications was mixed, with 52.93% (n=768) acknowledging their benefits while 31.92% (n=463) expressed concerns about side effects, indicating a need for improved public education. Conclusion The study emphasizes the importance of enhancing public education and awareness initiatives to improve knowledge and acceptance of psychotropic medications in Saudi Arabia. This could lead to better mental health outcomes and broader acceptance of these treatment options.

Nasal decongestants, like phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine, are commonly used to relieve nasal obstruction in conditions such as allergic rhinitis. They induce nasal passage dilation through vasoconstriction but can lead to serious side effects like hypertension and rebound congestion. Despite being easily accessible over the counter, their usage patterns and awareness of side effects are not well studied. The study aimed to assess the utilization pattern and public knowledge of nasal decongestants in Al-Qunfudah governorate, Saudi Arabia, in 2023. This observational cross-sectional study assessed the utilization pattern of nasal decongestants among those who were 10 years of age and older and resided in Al-Qunfudah governorate and its villages. Data were collected in three months, from June to August 2023, using a self-administered survey that was disseminated among the general population at Al-Qunfudah governorate on different electronic platforms like Twitter (X Corp., San Francisco, CA, United States) and Snapchat (Snap Inc., Santa Monica, CA, United States). RStudio (version 4.3.0) was used for the statistical analysis. The knowledge score showed a non-normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test p value < 0.001). For normally distributed qualitative variables, the factors related to nasal decongestant use were assessed using Pearson's Chi-squared test. Fisher's exact test was applied when more than 20% of cells had frequencies less than 5. A generalized linear regression model was used to assess the independent predictors of higher knowledge scores. A p-value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Based on 410 responses, nearly 77% (n = 314) of the participants have ever used nasal decongestants. A total of 118 out of 314 (37.6%) used these medications twice daily for less than five days (81.2%, n = 255). A total of 192 (61.1%) participants used nasal decongestants based on physicians' prescriptions. Few respondents (12.9%, n = 53) and (33.2%, n = 136) correctly identified nasal mucosal ulceration and nasal dryness as adverse effects of prolonged nasal decongestants' use. However, 84.6% (n = 347) ignored their contraindications, and 55.1% (n = 226) had no idea about rebound congestion. Overall, participants displayed a moderate level of knowledge regarding nasal decongestants, with a median knowledge score of 5.0. Being a student (beta = 1.12, 95%CI, 0.19 to 2.05, p = 0.019) and being a female were independently associated with better knowledge scores (beta = 0.97, 95%CI, 0.40 to 1.54, p < 0.001). Those who ever used nasal decongestants (beta = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.07 to 1.34, p = 0.030) and those who used them three times a day (beta = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.11 to 1.99, p = 0.029) had higher knowledge scores. More than two-thirds (76.6%) of the Al-Qunfudah general population in Saudi Arabia utilized nasal decongestants. The utilization pattern of nasal decongestants highlighted short-term usage for nasal obstruction. Despite the moderate level of knowledge of the general population about nasal decongestants, many gaps were noted regarding their systemic contraindications, side effects, and the risks of rebound congestion. A focus group discussion is advised to get a full and deep perception of the public regarding this common type of medication. Health education programs are recommended regarding this category of medications, warning them about ineffective self-medication.

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently encounter balance difficulties during physical activity. Multiple sclerosis is a gradually progressive condition; immunosuppressants and other medications may postpone its advancement, yet most patients will experience varying degrees of neurological deficits, including muscle weakness, muscle spasms, ataxia, sensory impairments, dysphagia, cognitive dysfunction, and psychological disorders. The aim of this review was to adress the variable rehabilitation Strategies for Improving Balance in Multiple Sclerosis. Professional rehabilitation treatment can mitigate functional impairments in multiple sclerosis patients from the initial phase of the disease through its course, enhance neurological function, and alleviate familial and societal obligations. The advancement of diverse rehabilitation technologies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation, virtual reality, robot-assisted gait, telerehabilitation, and transcranial direct current stimulation, has further solidified the benefits of rehabilitation therapy in multiple sclerosis treatment, offering additional therapeutic options for patients.