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Background University students use caffeine to cope with stress in spite of its adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to explore caffeine consumption among university students in Saudi Arabia, as well as its correlation with stress and caffeine intoxication. This cross-sectional study examined a convenience sample of 547 students at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU). A self-administrated questionnaire was used to assess caffeine consumption in milligrams per day, stress was assessed by the perceived stress scale (PSS), and caffeine intoxication was assessed using the DSM-5 criteria. Results The mean total caffeine consumption was 424.69 ± 385.31 mg/day. High levels of caffeine consumption were found among students of non-health colleges and students who were undiagnosed with psychiatric disorders ( p values <0.040 and 0.027, respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between caffeine consumption and perceived stress ( p <0.045). Only 13.26% of all participants fulfilled the DSM-5 criteria for caffeine use disorder. The majority of participants showed moderate and high stress levels (69.9% and 18.7%). Conclusion This study revealed high caffeine consumption and perceived stress levels among female undergraduate students with a significant positive association between them. The results emphasize the importance of educational campaigns about caffeine consumption and intoxication. They also encourage the development of stress management programs. Longitudinal studies need to be designed for evidence-based intervention.

Abdominal lymphangiomas are an uncommon form of congenital lymphatic malformation. We describe a case of a six-year-old male child who presented to our hospital with pain in the abdomen after an alleged history of minor trauma to the abdomen. On per abdomen examination there was a visible mass that was cystic on palpation.Abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed large multiloculated, septated intra-abdominal cystic structures. The patient underwent sclerotherapy with doxycycline and resolved completely after one session without complications. Doxycycline sclerotherapy is very effective and safe in treating macrocystic lymphatic malformations.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate functional abdominal pain disorders and functional constipation prevalence in the central region of Saudi Arabia, and compare it to that of the western region. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using online questionnaires targeting the general population of Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Subjects were randomly selected by sharing links on social media groups. Any parent with a 3–18-year-old child was included, and children with chronic medical illnesses or symptoms of organic GI disorders were excluded. Results: Three hundred nineteen subjects were included in the final analysis; the prevalence of functional abdominal pain disorders overall was 6.2% and the prevalence of functional constipation was 8.1%. Conclusions: Functional constipation diagnosis seems to be affected by life stressors or a previous viral illness. Seasonal variations had minimal effect on functional abdominal pain disorder and functional constipation symptom frequency and severity.

Development and evaluation of bucco-adhesive films of Gliclazide for pediatric use. Sixteen films were formulated using a different combination of Gelatin, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol, Hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC), chitosan, polyethylene glycol, sodium alginate, and carbopol. Compatibility study for drug and polymers was conducted using differential scanning calorimetry method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All films were examined for drug content, weight variation, thickness, swelling index, muco-adhesion and folding endurance. In vitro drug release has been completed for two hours. Stability studies were conducted at 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C for selected films. The optimized formulation based on in vitro data was selected for a bioavailability study in rabbits. The selected film formula (carbopol 2%, HPMC 2%) did not demonstrate interactions between the drug and polymers, while it showed accepted content, muco-adhesion, and mechanical properties. The in vitro release study showed rapid and complete release of drug from films. Stability studies confirmed accepted stability of the selected film at 4°C and 25°C, but the film get hard with few particles at 40°C. The bioavailability studies conducted showed that there was 2.1 fold increase in the AUC of selected film compared with oral tablets. Bucco adhesive films of Gliclazide is a promising dosage form for the treatment of diabetes in children.

MRI can be challenging for patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to sensory sensitivities and radiologic technologists (RTs) play a key role in managing these challenges. Therefore, this study aims to assess Saudi RTs' knowledge, practices, and experiences in managing individuals with ASD undergoing MRI, as well as identify barriers and facilitators of effective practice. A cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted using an online questionnaire (n = 335) and semi-structured interviews (n = 8). Data collection occurred between April and May 2023, and the results were analyzed using SPSS v25 and thematic analysis. Only 13% of RTs had formal training in ASD care. While knowledge scores were relatively high (61% high-level), practice and training scores were weak (51% and 50% low-level, respectively). In addition, a modest positive correlation was observed between training and practice domains (r = 0.121, p = 0.027). Moreover, thematic analysis highlighted three themes: RTs' knowledge gaps, variability in practice, and the need for clear guidelines. These results indicate that there is a significant gap between RTs' knowledge and practical readiness in handling individuals with ASD during MRI. Consequently, tailored training programs and standardized protocols are recommended.

( ) is linked to chronic gastritis, duodenal or gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer (GC). Because the oral cavity is the first component of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the entrance point for , it has been proposed as a possible reservoir of . As a result, a putative oral-oral transmission pathway of poses the possibility of whether personal contact, such as kissing or sharing a meal, might trigger transmission. As a result, several investigations have been done on this issue using various approaches for detecting in oral and stomach samples. Furthermore, the relationship between and gastrointestinal disorders has yet to be studied. The evidence for the association between and gastric diseases and their complications is still a controversial subject due to the existing literature in this review. The goal of this comprehensive review was to collect all available published articles and critically evaluate existing investigations looking into the relationship between oral contamination and the danger of gastric complications. Few studies indicated an association between and gastric diseases. Furthermore, more longitudinal randomized clinical studies to further investigate the association between and gastric diseases are warranted.