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Against the increasingly internationalized nature of higher education across the world using English as a lingua franca (ELF), the research reported by this paper is focused around an eight-week Facebook-based debate course to assist university learners of English in Iraq and their international counterparts in the US to negotiate and share social practices and other meanings through intercultural communications using ELF. Baker’s (2011) model of intercultural awareness is presented as the model underpinning its aims. Through thematic analysis, the results reveal participants’ ICA development, conceptual change, and representation of both in their intercultural communication as a social practice. Clearly, native-like proficiency in English is not at stake. The results show how dynamically emerging and situated the relationship is between ELF and users' cultures are for self and other (re-)presentation, a point that needs to be given considerable attention in higher-education contexts.

Factors of globalization have led to a constant rise of English as an academic lingua franca (ELFA). This is evidenced not only by the increasing use of English in scientific publications, but also in the attraction held by Anglophone countries as destinations of high-achieving international students and the rise of English-medium instruction (EMI) outside of Anglophone institutions. While ongoing research in ELF has shown that the native-only norms are being challenged through the changed realities of English use, little attention has so far been paid to how similarly or differently ELFA is conceptualized and practiced across academic disciplines within the same international Anglophone University. For this end, this work presents data on the English for Special Purposes/English for Academic Purposes and content teachers’ perceptions on English and how this, in turn, shapes their classroom discourse as a shared practice among members of the same academic discipline in a highly international UK-based university. Findings suggest that ELFA is characterized with its versatility and volatility as part of the dynamic nature of disciplinary norms for meaning-making and knowledge-construction practices.

This paper contributes to the recently increasing literature on the role of English as the Academic Lingua Franca (ELFA) in international research publications, and the potential pros and cons this may entail for non-Anglophone scholars in different contexts. While exploring Turkish and Iraqi scholars’ attitudes to English for research publication purposes (ERPP), their research writing challenges, and the strategies they use for successful publication, which are areas still lagging far behind in the current state of research, will be the main focus. Therefore, an online questionnaire was designed in this context to investigate the experience of academicians of different academic ranks across university disciplines in both Turkey and Iraq to address such a research gap. Findings are expected to enrich the field with respect to the presumed relationship between ELFA and ‘linguistic injustice/hegemony’, problems encountered by non-Anglophone scholars in different contexts, and their strategies for successful publication through English.

A field experiment was conducted on one of the private sector farms in Albuhidari area located in Al-Najaf governorate, Iraq, during the autumn season of 2021. The current research aimed to investigate the influence of polyethylene covering integrated with potassium silicate (K 2 SiO 3 ) spray on the growth and yield of radishes. A split split-plot system was implemented based on RCBD with three replicates. The field plots were divided into two groups (non-covered plots and covered with low tunnel polyethylene sheets) designated as the main plots. While the two varieties of local radish (white and red) were assigned as subplots, and three concentrations of (K 2 SiO 3 ) (0, 400, 600 mg.L -1 ) were assigned as sub-subplots. ANOVA results demonstrated that the main effect of each factor improved radish studied indicators for plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf dry matter%, root dry matter%, and the root yield per plant. The polyethylene covering provided a physical barrier against cold stress, while the silicon treatments at high concentrations enhanced the plants’ tolerance to low temperatures and improved overall plant growth. Bi-interaction effects were almost significant for some indicators. Moreover, the triple interaction (polyethylene covering + red variety + spray with (K 2 SiO 3 ) @ 600 mg.L -1 ) was superior in all indicators except for root dry matter%. The results indicate that polyethylene covering combined with silicon treatments have a significant protective effect on white and red radish plants.