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"Ali, Ali A"
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Achieving the 95 95 95 targets for all: A pathway to ending AIDS
In December 2020, UNAIDS released a new set of ambitious targets calling for 95% of all people living with HIV to know their HIV status, 95% of all people with diagnosed HIV infection to receive sustained antiretroviral therapy, and 95% of all people receiving antiretroviral therapy to have viral suppression by 2025. Adopted by United Nations Member states in June 2021 as part of the new Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS, these targets, combined with ambitious primary prevention targets and focused attention to supporting enablers, aim to bridge inequalities in treatment coverage and outcomes and accelerate HIV incidence reductions by focusing on progress in all sub-populations, age groups and geographic settings. Here we summarise the evidence and decisions underpinning the new global targets.
Journal Article
Faisal I of Iraq
\"Born in 1885, King Faisal I of Iraq was a seminal figure not only in the founding of the state of Iraq but also in the making of the modern Middle East. In all the tumult leading to the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of new Arab states, Faisal was a central player. His life traversed each of the important political, military, and intellectual developments of his times. This comprehensive biography is the first to provide a fully rounded picture of Faisal the man and Faisal the monarch. Ali A. Allawi recounts the dramatic events of his subject's life and provides a reassessment of his crucial role in developments in the pre- and post-World War I Middle East and of his lasting but underappreciated influence in the region even 80 years after his death. A battle-hardened military leader who, with the help of Lawrence of Arabia, organized the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire; a leading representative of the Arab cause, alongside Gertrude Bell, at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919; a founding father and king of the first independent state of Syria; the first king of Iraq-in his many roles Faisal overcame innumerable crises and opposing currents while striving to build the structures of a modern state. This book is the first to afford his contributions to Middle East history the attention they deserve\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Hybrid deep learning and RSM modeling of diesel engine performance using TiO2 doped butanol and waste plastic oil blends
This study investigates the performance and emission features of a single-cylinder diesel engine fuelled with waste plastic oil (WPO) blended with diesel, 1-butanol, and TiO
2
nanoparticles. Novelty lies in the synergistic doping of TiO
2
nanoparticles with 1-butanol, which enhances durability, fuel efficiency, and emission reduction compared to conventional diesel. Test blends include 90D7PO3B + 25ppmTiO
2
, 85D10PO5B + 50ppmTiO
2
, 80D13PO7B + 75ppmTiO
2
, 100PO + 100ppmTiO
2
, and neat diesel (100D). The blend 80D13PO7B + 75ppmTiO
2
achieved the highest brake thermal efficiency (37.3%) and the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption (0.22 kg/kWh), while 85D10PO5B + 50ppmTiO
2
recorded the maximum cylinder pressure (72 bar). Hydrocarbon and CO emissions were minimized with 100PO + 100ppmTiO
2
(50 ppm, 0.035% respectively), whereas CO
2
and NOx emissions were lowest for 80D13PO7B + 75ppmTiO
2
(8% and 1800 ppm). To further explore and optimize multi-factor effects, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was combined with deep machine learning models. RSM constructed quadratic surrogates, validated using ANOVA, revealing nonlinear curvature effects across responses. Multi-objective optimization identified an operating point at IMEP 7.7 bar and LCV 42,597 kJ/kg, yielding BTE 35.26%, BSFC 0.22 kg/kWh, CO 0.018%, HC 40.54 ppm, CO
2
5.89%, and NOx 1345 ppm, confirming the classical efficiency NOx trade-off. Predictive modelling using Bayesian neural networks (BNN) and linear regression demonstrated that BNN consistently outperformed LR, achieving higher R
2
, lower MSE, and tighter residual alignment across all responses. The integration of TiO
2
–1-butanol doping with advanced predictive optimization demonstrates a viable alternative fuel pathway, delivering improved performance, reduced emissions, and statistically validated machine learning–RSM frameworks for future engine research.
Journal Article
ابتعد من أمام شمسي
يتناول الكاتب سيرا ذاتية مختصرة لما يقرب من 70 عالما وكاتبا وشاعرا وفيلسوفا ومفكرا وباحثا ورساما وموسيقيا وصوفيا من الشرق والغرب على حد سواء، ويمتلك الكاتب أسلوبا سرديا ممتعا يروي من خلاله صورا من حياة هؤلاء العظماء التاريخيين، إنها رحلة عبر الزمن من الشرق إلى الغرب يتعرف فيها القارئ على مونتين، وديوجين، وشكسبير، ودوستويفسكي، وتولستوي، والإسكندر الأكبر، ونيوتن، وباسكال، وعمر بن عبد العزيز، والإمام البخاري، وابن عطاء الله السكندري، والفارابي، وابن سينا، وابن حنبل، وغيرهم الكثير ممن ضمهم الكتاب وفي عرضه لهذه الشخصيات يمس أورال شغاف قلبك بحديثه الرقيق وأسلوبه الرصين، فيحكي عن هذه الشخصيات عارضا التحديات والصعوبات التي مرت بهم في حياتهم، مستشهدا بالكثير من أقوالهم المأثورة، وفي الواقع أن أهم ما يميز هذا الكتاب هو قدرة أورال على الجمع بين العديد من هؤلاء العظماء على اختلاف مشاربهم وأوطانهم بين دفتي هذا الكتاب في توافق وتناسق فريد، والنظر إلى حياتهم بعدسة مقربة دون ملل كتب السير الذاتية أو جفافها، وهو الأمر الذي يجعل من هذا الكتاب درة من درر كتب علي أورال.
BOOK
Ketamine versus ECT for Nonpsychotic Treatment-Resistant Major Depression
This randomized, noninferiority trial compared ketamine with electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression. Ketamine was noninferior to ECT for treatment-resistant depression without psychosis.
Journal Article
Current concepts in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: from symbiosis to dysbiosis
The primary etiological agent for the initiation and progression of periodontal disease is the dental plaque biofilm which is an organized aggregation of microorganisms residing within a complex intercellular matrix. The non-specific plaque hypothesis was the first attempt to explain the role of the dental biofilm in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. However, the introduction of sophisticated diagnostic and laboratory assays has led to the realisation that the development of periodontitis requires more than a mere increase in the biomass of dental plaque. Indeed, multispecies biofilms exhibit complex interactions between the bacteria and the host. In addition, not all resident microorganisms within the biofilm are pathogenic, since beneficial bacteria exist that serve to maintain a symbiotic relationship between the plaque microbiome and the host's immune-inflammatory response, preventing the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms and the development of dysbiosis. This review aims to highlight the development and structure of the dental plaque biofilm and to explore current literature on the transition from a healthy (symbiotic) to a diseased (dysbiotic) biofilm in periodontitis and the associated immune-inflammatory responses that drive periodontal tissue destruction and form mechanistic pathways that impact other systemic non-communicable diseases.
Journal Article
هارمونيكا من صندوق البريد : رواية
رواية \"هارمونيكا من صندوق البريد\" للكاتب علي أورال هي عمل أدبي يعكس الحياة اليومية والتجارب الإنسانية من خلال رسائل تصل إلى صندوق بريد. الرواية تتناول مواضيع متنوعة مثل الحب، الفقدان، الأمل، والحنين، وتقدمها بأسلوب سردي مميز يجمع بين الواقعية والخيال، تبدأ الرواية بوصول رسائل غامضة إلى صندوق بريد البطل، وكل رسالة تحمل قصة مختلفة تعكس جوانب متعددة من الحياة. من خلال هذه الرسائل، يستعرض الكاتب مشاعر وأفكار الشخصيات بعمق، مما يجعل القارئ يتفاعل مع كل قصة على حدة، الرواية تتميز بأسلوبها الأدبي الراقي واللغة الشعرية التي يستخدمها علي أورال، مما يضفي على النص جمالية خاصة. كما أنها تطرح تساؤلات فلسفية حول معنى الحياة والوجود، مما يجعلها ليست مجرد سرد قصصي بل تجربة فكرية أيضا.
BOOK
Novel Azo dyes containing a hydrazide-hydrazone moiety for dyeing polyester fabric
Novel azo dyes containing a hydrazide-hydrazone moiety linked to the benzothiazole nucleus are synthesized effectively in this study. The primary purpose of the study was to identify the best dyeing parameters, such as shade, temperature, pH, and time, in order to better understand the behaviour of dispersed dyes during polyester dyeing. To achieve excellent colour strength in value (K/S = 26), the ideal dyeing conditions for disperse dye
4
were 30 min, pH of 8, and 110 °C at shade 3%. While the ideal dyeing conditions for disperse dyes dye
10
and dye
11
were 30 min, pH of 2, and 130 °C at a shade of 3%. Depending on the coupler moieties, the coloured polyester samples ranged in hue from beige to dark brown. Furthermore, the impact of substituent’s was examined in relation to colour strength (K/S) measures and colourimetric coordinates (CIEL*a*b*) of dyed polyester fabrics. The synthesized dispersed dyes are good options for giving polyester textiles a variety of stable hues and very good colour strength as well as exceptional fastness to light, washing, and crocking.
Journal Article