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Qubit realized via photon polarization is a promising candidate for quantum information processing applications. Polarization decoherence mediated by a birefringent environment destroys the coherence in such qubits. Open-loop dynamical decoupling schemes are found to be good to control these kinds of decoherence. But simple open-loop control strategies are not effective to control higher-order decoherence. In the study, the effectiveness of concatenated dynamical decoupling schemes in controlling decoherence in photon polarization qubits was investigated. The propagation of different optical qubits in a birefringent channel environment was modeled, and numerical methods were used to compare the effectiveness of periodic dynamic decoupling (PDD) schemes with concatenated dynamical decoupling (CDD) schemes. The results showed that the CDD schemes were superior to PDD schemes in controlling the tested decoherence.

We analyze a 2006 landslide disaster in Indonesia that caused two neighboring villages to rebuild on increasingly precarious terrain. We use the pressure and release (PAR) model to examine natural hazards and disaster from a historical perspective, situating the origins of vulnerability among communities pushed to resettle in increasingly dangerous areas. From 2011, we conducted an initial five months of field research in two villages in Upland Sulawesi, followed by sustained engagement to trace the siting and reconstruction of settlements in locations highly prone to landslides in order to understand the conditions that led communities to rebuild in locations at heightened risk from similar landslide events. In doing so we extend research on the ways vulnerability and disaster risk extend into processes of recovery. Our extended analysis highlights the relational and unequal adaptive capacities unfolding among villagers. Our findings revealed that a combination of government development policies and market mechanisms established the roots of differentiated vulnerabilities, which were thereafter reinforced through disaster recovery planning and reconstruction initiatives. Thus, we show that risk and resilience are not only connected to a disaster event but also to efforts to rebuild and recover, illustrating how vulnerability is reproduced alongside initiatives intended to help communities recuperate and build resilience.

Tumor necrosis factor- α inhibitors (TNFi) have been a standard treatment in ulcerative colitis (UC) for nearly 20 years. However, insufficient response rate to TNFi therapies along with concerns around their immunogenicity and inconvenience of drug delivery through injections calls for development of UC drugs targeting alternative proteins. Here, we propose a multi-omic network biology method for prioritization of protein targets for UC treatment. Our method identifies network modules on the Human Interactome—a network of protein-protein interactions in human cells—consisting of genes contributing to the predisposition to UC (Genotype module), genes whose expression needs to be modulated to achieve low disease activity (Response module), and proteins whose perturbation alters expression of the Response module genes to a healthy state (Treatment module). Targets are prioritized based on their topological relevance to the Genotype module and functional similarity to the Treatment module. We demonstrate utility of our method in UC and other complex diseases by efficiently recovering the protein targets associated with compounds in clinical trials and on the market . The proposed method may help to reduce cost and time of drug development by offering a computational screening tool for identification of novel and repurposing therapeutic opportunities in UC and other complex diseases.

Processes of rapid and truncated agrarian change—driven through expanding urbanisation, infrastructure development, extractive industries, and commodity crops—are shaping the livelihood opportunities and aspirations of Indonesia’s rural youth. This study describes the everyday experiences of youth as they navigate the changing character of agriculture, aquaculture, and fishing livelihoods across gender, class, and generation. Drawing on qualitative field research conducted in the Maros District of South Sulawesi, we examine young people’s experiences of agrarian change in a landscape of entangled rural, coastal and increasingly urbanised spaces. We find that young people aspire to secure, modern, and salary-based work, while continuing to seek and sustain intergenerational farming or aquaculture-based livelihoods. Youth take advantage of increased connectivity to diversify their incomes, yet their dependence on mobility also introduces new forms of gendered and class based precarity such as insecure working arrangements, disruption to education and violence (especially for young unskilled women and youth from financially insecure households). Our study highlights the persistent conditions of precarity that many young people encounter in both rural and urban settings, while challenging assumptions that youth are uninterested in rural futures.

Every company always try to fulfill their customers' demand in order to gain maximum profit with minimum cost. To achieve that, company needs to pay attention to all aspects of the industry from upstream to downstream and create an integrated system so all processes can run effectively and efficiently. One important aspect that needs to be considered closely is production time. Company have to ensure that the production activity can be done within the time target so customers can get the right product in the right time. In the production floor, the balance of production lines is effecting the efficiency of production process. This research measures the efficiency of a manufacturing process in a generator company (DPG Inc.) based on its production time. Then, line balancing is applied to the generator manufacture line using RPW, J-Wagon, and LCR method to know the comparison of efficiency before and after line balancing applied. Based on the line efficiency, smoothness index and balance delay obtained, the best line balancing method to use in the generator manufacture line is LCR. The result is the generator manufacture line is more efficient after line balancing applied, especially using LCR method.

Background The current pandemic of COVID-19 impacted the psychological wellbeing of populations globally. Objectives We aimed to examine the extent and identify factors associated with psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study across 17 countries during Jun-2020 to Jan-2021. Levels of psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale), fear of COVID-19 (Fear of COVID-19 Scale), and coping (Brief Resilient Coping Scale) were assessed. Results A total of 8,559 people participated; mean age (±SD) was 33(±13) years, 64% were females and 40% self-identified as frontline workers. More than two-thirds (69%) experienced moderate-to-very high levels of psychological distress, which was 46% in Thailand and 91% in Egypt. A quarter (24%) had high levels of fear of COVID-19, which was as low as 9% in Libya and as high as 38% in Bangladesh. More than half (57%) exhibited medium to high resilient coping; the lowest prevalence (3%) was reported in Australia and the highest (72%) in Syria. Being female (AOR 1.31 [95% CIs 1.09-1.57]), perceived distress due to change of employment status (1.56 [1.29-1.90]), comorbidity with mental health conditions (3.02 [1.20-7.60]) were associated with higher levels of psychological distress and fear. Doctors had higher psychological distress (1.43 [1.04-1.97]), but low levels of fear of COVID-19 (0.55 [0.41-0.76]); nurses had medium to high resilient coping (1.30 [1.03-1.65]). Conclusions The extent of psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping varied by country; however, we identified few higher risk groups who were more vulnerable than others. There is an urgent need to prioritise health and well-being of those people through well-designed intervention that may need to be tailored to meet country specific requirements.

Background Carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) are difficult to eradicate from the environment and are virtually immune to all antibiotics. Consequently, CRAB may culminate in severe outbreaks and fatal infections among people attending hospitals and nursing homes. has been used as an herbal remedy and chewing sticks for dental cleansing. Evaluating . 's efficacy against CRAB may provide an alternative approach to treating CRAB infections in healthcare environments, considering its traditional application in dental hygiene. Employing as an herbal remedy could be a part of a more sustainable approach to control CRAB infections. Aim To investigate the phytochemical composition of and evaluate its antimicrobial properties. Materials and methods The roots were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol. Each extract was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and characterized using WN908.L and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) libraries. The antimicrobial activity of each extract against CRAB was evaluated using a broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results The GCMS analysis of different solvent extracts of roots showed the presence of various phytochemical compounds such as steroids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, alcohols, terpenoids, and vitamin E. Both chloroform and hexane extracts showed the most effective antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 3.13 mg/mL and an MBC value of 12.50 mg/mL, respectively. Benzoic acid was the major phytochemical compound identified from extract. N-hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity due to the presence of active compounds in them. Conclusion Chloroform and hexane extracts showed the most potent antibacterial activities against CRAB.

Despite a substantial reduction in the use of solid fuels for cooking worldwide, exposure to household air pollution (HAP) remains a leading global risk factor, contributing considerably to the burden of disease. We present a comprehensive analysis of spatial patterns and temporal trends in exposure and attributable disease from 1990 to 2021, featuring substantial methodological updates compared with previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, including improved exposure estimations accounting for specific fuel types. We estimated HAP exposure and trends and attributable burden for cataract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, tracheal cancer, bronchus cancer, lung cancer, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and causes mediated via adverse reproductive outcomes for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We first estimated the mean fuel type-specific concentrations (in μg/m3) of fine particulate matter (PM2·5) pollution to which individuals using solid fuels for cooking were exposed, categorised by fuel type, location, year, age, and sex. Using a systematic review of the epidemiological literature and a newly developed meta-regression tool (meta-regression: Bayesian, regularised, trimmed), we derived disease-specific, non-parametric exposure–response curves to estimate relative risk as a function of PM2·5 concentration. We combined our exposure estimates and relative risks to estimate population attributable fractions and attributable burden for each cause by sex, age, location, and year. In 2021, 2·67 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·63–2·71) people, 33·8% (95% UI 33·2–34·3) of the global population, were exposed to HAP from all sources at a mean concentration of 84·2 μg/m3. Although these figures show a notable reduction in the percentage of the global population exposed in 1990 (56·7%, 56·4–57·1), in absolute terms, there has been only a decline of 0·35 billion (10%) from the 3·02 billion people exposed to HAP in 1990. In 2021, 111 million (95% UI 75·1–164) global disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were attributable to HAP, accounting for 3·9% (95% UI 2·6–5·7) of all DALYs. The rate of global, HAP-attributable DALYs in 2021 was 1500·3 (95% UI 1028·4–2195·6) age-standardised DALYs per 100 000 population, a decline of 63·8% since 1990, when HAP-attributable DALYs comprised 4147·7 (3101·4–5104·6) age-standardised DALYs per 100 000 population. HAP-attributable burden remained highest in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, with 4044·1 (3103·4–5219·7) and 3213·5 (2165·4–4409·4) age-standardised DALYs per 100 000 population, respectively. The rate of HAP-attributable DALYs was higher for males (1530·5, 1023·4–2263·6) than for females (1318·5, 866·1–1977·2). Approximately one-third of the HAP-attributable burden (518·1, 410·1–641·7) was mediated via short gestation and low birthweight. Decomposition of trends and drivers behind changes in the HAP-attributable burden highlighted that declines in exposures were counteracted by population growth in most regions of the world, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Although the burden attributable to HAP has decreased considerably, HAP remains a substantial risk factor, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Our comprehensive estimates of HAP exposure and attributable burden offer a robust and reliable resource for health policy makers and practitioners to precisely target and tailor health interventions. Given the persistent and substantial impact of HAP in many regions and countries, it is imperative to accelerate efforts to transition under-resourced communities to cleaner household energy sources. Such initiatives are crucial for mitigating health risks and promoting sustainable development, ultimately improving the quality of life and health outcomes for millions of people. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

The culture of industry in vocational schools needs to be applied optimally to shape the work character of graduates who are increasingly fierce in competition. The trade starts to look at graduates with a better attitude than hard skills. This research is directed at how the fundamental problem of timely attendance is a phenomenon that deserves to be studied as part of the formation of soft skills. This study has objectives including (1) observing students' participation at Oxygen Acetylene Welding (OAW) lectures and (2) reading of student attendance patterns after the implementation of timekeeping strategy-based ranking. The research method uses quantitative descriptive by collecting data by observing student attendance directly. The continuing collection was carried out for 14 weeks at the OAW practicum. Based on the results of the study showed that there was a significant increase in timely attendance and was gradually consistent until the end of the meeting. Besides, the presence sequence builds the habits of students to arrive on time.