Explore the vast range of titles available.

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is observed in immunosuppressive patients and causes adverse clinical outcomes. CMV reactivation in immunocompetent patients is less known. We aimed to retrospectively investigate CMV reactivation in immunocompetent critically ill patients with bacterial growth in lower respiratory tract; and investigate the relationship between reactivation and outcomes such as length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation duration, and mortality. Methodology: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients that were CMV IgG-positive, CMV IgM-negative immunocompetent, mechanically ventilated for over 48 hours, and were diagnosed with respiratory tract colonization with Acinetobacter baumannii or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were included. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on serum and endotracheal aspirate samples. The patients were divided into groups of those with and without VAP and sepsis. Reactivation rates and CMV DNA levels were compared between the groups. Results: CMV reactivation was seen in 27 of 34 patients (79.4%). CMV DNA level was 5.8 times higher in patients with VAP and sepsis than patients without, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.717). LOS and mechanical ventilation duration were higher in patients with reactivation (p = 0.047 and 0.036). No relationship was found between reactivation and mortality (p = 0.774). Conclusions: The rate of CMV reactivation was 79.4%. This was the second-highest reactivation rate reported in the literature. The reactivation was associated with prolonged hospitalization and mechanical ventilation.

Background: Dicrocoelium dendriticum, a worldwide zoonotic trematode, is a common parasite of ruminant animals, but humans can be the definitive host by chance. We analyzed the world situation of the parasite from the perspective of the One Health concept by analyzing the research literature published from 1931 to 2022. Methods: Published documents related to D. dendriticum were searched from the Scopus database. Focusing on a visual analysis of the main research documents on D. dendriticum, Dimensions free web app was used to conduct co-occurrence analysis with keywords, countries, institutions, and authors. Moreover, key clustering research, affiliaitons, journals, countries, and authors were determined. Results: The Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) was the most publishing affiliation on D. dendriticum with 19 articles. While the Veterinary Parasitology Journal was the mostly publishing journal on D. dendriticum with 38 articles, the most productive country was Iran. The authors Giuseppe Cringoli and Laura Rinaldi from Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy were the mostly publishing authors. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis provides an overall description of the current state of D. dendriticum research and the initial exploration of future research directions. Our analysis provides guidance for the development of research on D. dendriticum.

Introduction: Salmonella Typhi continues to be a significant global public health concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate the literature pertaining to S. Typhi in lower-middle-income countries from 1990 to April 31, 2023. Methodology: The bibliographic data was collected from the Web of Science database. Various bibliometric tools were utilized to conduct bibliometric analysis and visualization. Numerous bibliometric parameters were assessed, including the top publishing organizations, countries, institutions, authors, journals with the highest publication output, citation counts, commonly used keywords, and emerging research topics. Results: The current study included a total of 4,031 articles. These articles exhibited an annual growth rate of 8.17%. Over the past 33 years, there has been a gradual increase in the overall quantity of articles. On average, these articles received 18.82 citations. A total of 13,987 authors from 3,665 affiliations and 118 countries contributed to these publications. The majority of publications originated from India (50.31%), Pakistan (15.40%), Nigeria (6.32%), Bangladesh (5.03%), and Iran (4.89%). Among the institutions, Oxford University published the highest number of articles (302), followed by the University of Karachi (124). The frequently used keywords included “Salmonella Typhi” (frequency = 231), “antimicrobial activity” (frequency = 191), and “resistance” (frequency = 190). Conclusions: The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for future studies, enabling researchers to identify knowledge gaps and areas for further investigation. The data can also aid in health planning, providing insights into the current research landscape and highlighting priority areas for intervention and resource allocation.

Zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a worldwide problem. Generally transmitted via infected animals/eating contaminated food. Fully understanding the distinctive biology, transmission routes, and clinical consequences of zoonotic HEV strains is essential for developing efficacious prevention and control tactics. Current knowledge gives prominence to animals, with pigs in particular being recognized as reservoirs, and examines the clinical variances between zoonotic and strictly human HEV genotypes. This analysis further explores recent advances in diagnostics, immunization efforts, and protective measures while identifying gaps in our comprehension, requiring additional research to better address HEV as a public health menace. Furthermore, strategies aiming to reduce potential zoonotic transmission through improved hygiene standards and strict inspection of the food supply chain merit consideration.

Introduction: Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), a bacterial human-restricted pathogen, is an essential systemic health problem of global importance in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the overall scientific impact of Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) research using bibliometric methods. Methodology: In this research, a bibliometric analysis was performed on S. Typhi using the Web of Science (WoS) database and the Bibliometrix R package. A total of 1,966 articles, published between 1970-2022, were analysed. Results: This bibliometric analysis showed that the most productive years in the process were 2012 and 2022. This analysis also showed that Infection and Immunity Journal was the leading journal with a total of 1,332 articles in publications related to S. Typhi research, with the USA being the most productive country in S. Typhi publications, as well as having the highest co-authorship collaboration. The University System of Maryland ranked first with 110 records when affiliations were analysed. The United States Department of Health and Human Services was at the top of the Funding Agencies analysis. Analysis of the most cited authors revealed that Parry CM was the first most cited author (n = 90) of S. Typhi publications. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis showed that the countries with high economic income were dominant in the studies of published articles, affiliations, and funding agencies on S. Typhi. Collaboration of researchers from countries with low or middle incomes with S. Typhi epidemics and researchers from countries with high economic income will make the fight against these bacteria more effective.

In this multicenter, retrospective study involving 62 patients, we investigated whether switching from entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) represents a superior treatment strategy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) experiencing low-level viremia (LLV). The study determined that TAF significantly improved both virological and biochemical outcomes. At 48 weeks, the complete virological response (CVR) rate was 77.8% for those who switched from ETV and 81.8% for those who switched from TDF, with Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) negativity reaching 81% by month 12. Additionally, significant normalization of liver enzymes, albumin, and platelet counts was observed across the cohort. While the switch from TDF was associated with a significant increase in triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), no such changes were detected in the ETV group. This evidence suggests that TAF provides robust virological control in LLV patients and is associated with favorable biochemical improvements. However, due to the study’s limitations, the strong assertion that TAF promotes the regression of liver fibrosis and reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) must be interpreted with caution.

Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , a pathogen that colonizes medical equipment and causes nosocomial infections due to its ability to form biofilms, has high mortality rates. This study investigated the risk factors related to mortality in patients who were diagnosed with S. maltophilia bacteremia. Methods It is a multi-center, retrospective ad observational cohort study. The demographic characteristics, clinical findings, microbiological data, and risk factors for patients were obtained from the medical records of patients at ten different hospitals between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2023. Results The study included a total of 321 patients. The observed thirty-day mortality rate was 46.1%. A central venous catheter (CVC) was present in 276 patients (86%), and in 66 of these patients (23.9%) the CVC was removed. While only 18 patients (5.6%) received appropriate empirical antibiotics, 242 (75.4%) patients received appropriate antibiotics according to antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results and treatment revisions. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00- 1.03) was associated with increased mortality, whereas appropriate antibiotic treatment (HR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.23-0.52) and removal of central venous catheters (HR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16-0.60) were significantly related to reduced mortality. Conclusions S. maltophilia is a significant pathogen, and to reduce its high mortality rate, removal of the CVC and switching to appropriate antibiotics should be performed as soon as possible.

Amaç: Leishmaniasis 98'den fazla ülkede görülen küresel bir saǧlık sorunudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, leishmaniasis ile ilgili dünya çapındaki bilimsel çıktıların bibliyometrik bir analizini yapmak ve bu konuyla ilgili araştırmacılara bakış açısı sunmaktır. Ayrıca Türkiye'nin leishmaniasis literatürüne katkısının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, 2003-2022 yıllan arasında Web of Science veri tabanında leishmaniasis üzerine bibliyometrik metodolojiler kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Görselleştirmeler Vosviewer programı ile yapıldı. En çok yayın yapan kurum ve kuruluşlar, ülkeler, yazarlar, yıllara göre yayın ve atıf sayılanndaki eǧilimler, en popüler anahtar kelimeler, ülkeler ve kurumlar arasındaki bilimsel iş birlikleri ve diǧer birçok bibliyometrik parametre analiz edildi. Bulgular: Son 20 yılda 143 farklı ülkede/bölgede Leishmania konusunda araştırma yapıldıǧı saptanmıştır. Brezilya 4,463 makale ile (%29,071) lider ülke konumundadır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Hindistan, Iran ve Ispanya 1,000'den fazla makale yayınlamış olup, bu ülkeleri Avrupa ülkeleri (Ispanya, Ingiltere, Fransa, Almanya ve İtalya) takip etmektedir Sonuç: Özellikle endemik bölgelerde yapılan yayın sayısının Brezilya dışında sınırlı olduǧu görülmüştür. Hastalıǧın ortadan kaldırılmasını saǧlamak için bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalar desteklenmelidir.

Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease that can affect multiple organs and is difficult to diagnose and treat. Spinal hydatid cyst (SHC) is a rare hydatid cyst involvement observed in 1% of all cases. It can induce various neurological symptoms depending on the region of the involvement. Paraplegia is one of the most prevalent neurological symptoms. In this case report, a 63-year-old male patient with bilateral lower extremity paraplegia was operated on by neurosurgery and diagnosed with SHC at the level of Th 11 vertebra in the pathological examination of surgically removed materials. Thus, we aimed to emphasize the significance of pathological and microbiological examination in the differential diagnosis of spinal disorders.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intravesical tigecycline administration in a rat model of cystitis induced by a tigecycline-sensitive, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii strain. Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar albino rats were inoculated intravesically with XDR A. baumannii to induce cystitis. Twenty-four rats that developed infection were divided into four groups: untreated control, saline irrigation, low-dose tigecycline (6.25 mg/kg), and high-dose tigecycline (25 mg/kg). Microbiological clearance was assessed via urine cultures on days 3 and 5. Bladder tissues were analyzed histopathologically and for genotoxicity using the Comet assay. Results: On day 5, microbiological clearance was significantly higher in tigecycline-treated groups compared to controls (p = 0.028). Histopathology revealed significantly more inflammation in the high-dose tigecycline group (p = 0.029). Genotoxicity was observed in both tigecycline groups, independent of dose (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Intravesical tigecycline demonstrated microbiological efficacy against XDR A. baumannii-induced cystitis. However, its inflammatory and genotoxic potential necessitates further preclinical evaluation.