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To assess and compare glaucoma knowledge between Jordanian patients with glaucoma and non-glaucoma ophthalmic patients. A cross-sectional survey was developed after an extensive literature search to investigate glaucoma-related knowledge among participants with glaucoma visiting the Jordan University Hospital clinics from October 2021 to February 2022. Responses were compared to a sample of ophthalmic participants with eye conditions other than glaucoma visiting the ophthalmology clinics at the same time frame. A total of 256 participants filled out the survey, of which 53.1% were diagnosed with glaucoma while 46.9% had ophthalmic conditions other than glaucoma. Our sample of participants is characterized by a mean age of 52.2 ± 17.8 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.04:1. Overall, participants with glaucoma were more aware of their disease than participants with other ophthalmic conditions. Compared to their ophthalmic non-glaucoma counterparts, those diagnosed with glaucoma face significantly more daily life difficulties due to their ophthalmic disease (p <0.001). Results of the independent sample t-test demonstrate that participants with glaucoma have significantly higher knowledge scores (p <0.001) and were able to recognize more glaucoma symptoms than their non-glaucoma counterparts (p = 0.002). Similarly, those with a positive family history of glaucoma displayed higher knowledge (p = 0.005). Multivariate linear regression demonstrates that family history of glaucoma, higher symptom recognition score, reliance on ophthalmologists, and the internet for glaucoma-related information are positive predictors of higher knowledge scores. We have demonstrated that both glaucoma and non-glaucoma ophthalmic patients display average levels of glaucoma knowledge. Raising awareness through various interventions may improve the lifestyles of patients with glaucoma and alleviate the economic burden associated with treating the disease.

Achieving quantum dot self-assembly at precise pre-defined locations is of vital interest. In this work, a novel physical method for producing germanium quantum dots on silicon using nanoindentation to pre-define nucleation sites is described. Self-assembly of ordered ~10 nm height germanium quantum dot arrays on silicon substrates is achieved. Due to the inherent simplicity and elegance of the proposed method, the results describe an attractive technique to manufacture semiconductor quantum dot structures for future quantum electronic and photonic applications.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella term that includes various pathologies involving the heart and the vasculature system of the body. CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 32% of all deaths. More than 40% of annual deaths in Jordan are due to CVD; this number is further expected to rise, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean region where Jordan is located. Due to the chronic nature of CVD, the presence of a caregiver who can help mitigate the challenges patients face is essential, and their level of knowledge determines the quality of care they can provide. Hence, this cross-sectional study was conducted in the cardiology clinics at Jordan University Hospital (JUH). Questionnaires were distributed to 469 participants, defined in this study as the caregivers escorting patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). The self-administered questionnaire included three sections: sociodemographic and health factors, knowledge of CVD risk factors, and CHD symptoms. The mean age of the study population was 44.38 years ± 15.92 and 54.2% of participants were males. Regarding knowledge of CVD risk factors, 84.6% of participants answered more than 70% of the questions correctly. More than 95% knew that chest pain is a symptom of an acute cardiovascular event. However, only 53.5% and 74.8% of the participants reported that jaw pain and arm pain are symptoms of an acute event, respectively. Several factors influenced the caregiver’s knowledge, such as age, income, frequent health checkups, having a history of CVD, CKD, or DM, and their relationship to the patient. This study sheds light on the importance of caregiver knowledge in patient care. By improving the caregivers’ knowledge, identifying their role in patient care, and raising CVD awareness in susceptible populations, healthcare professionals can improve the patients’ quality of life. Overall, assessing caregivers’ knowledge pertaining to CVD can provide invaluable data, which may enhance patient care by educating their caregivers.

Background Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, offers therapeutic benefits for cancer treatment but often leads to adverse effects on neurogenesis and oxidative stress, causing cognitive impairment. Concurrent physical activity has been proposed as a potential strategy to counteract these side effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical exercise on cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment in a mouse model. Methods Adult male mice (n=45) were divided into three groups: control, cisplatin-treated (2.3 mg/kg), and exercise/cisplatin. Cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally over one month, while the exercise/cisplatin group underwent moderate-intensity exercise alongside cisplatin treatment. Spatial memory was evaluated using the novel object recognition (NOR) task, and hippocampal proliferation and oxidative stress were examined using Ki-67 and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the GraphPad Prism 4.0 software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA). Results The cisplatin-treated mice exhibited significantly lower preference index (PI) scores in the NOR task compared to the control (p<0.001) and exercise/cisplatin (p<0.001) groups. IHC staining revealed impaired hippocampal proliferation and increased oxidative stress in the cisplatin-treated group relative to the control and exercise/cisplatin groups. The introduction of a moderate-intensity exercise protocol appeared to mitigate the decline in hippocampal proliferation and oxidative damage induced by cisplatin. Additionally, cisplatin-treated mice experienced weight loss, while exercise attenuated this effect. Conclusion Cisplatin treatment resulted in decreased memory, hippocampal proliferation, and weight loss in mice. Concurrent moderate-intensity exercise seemed to alleviate these effects, suggesting a potential role for physical activity in ameliorating cisplatin-induced cognitive decline. This study underscores the importance of incorporating exercise as a complementary strategy to enhance cognitive outcomes in cancer patients undergoing cisplatin treatment.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by the proliferation of Langerhans cells that affects multiple organs. It presents variably in children, complicating diagnosis and treatment strategies. Understanding its genetic and clinical characteristics is crucial for its effective management. We report the case of a 13-year-old male with multisystem LCH involving the temporal bone, parotid gland, and lymph nodes, who presented with auricular pain and swelling. Despite the initial non-specific treatment, advanced imaging and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The patient underwent a treatment regimen according to the LCH4 protocol, which included Prednisolone and Vinblastine, and showed significant improvement. This case highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosing and managing LCH and illustrates the potential of genetic research and targeted therapies to improve outcomes. Future studies should explore the genetic basis of LCH and the potential links between immunization and disease onset, aiming to refine treatment protocols and enhance patient prognosis.