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"Allen, Claire"
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The Gallows of Gotorras. Justice and Politics in a Provençal Village in the Late Middle Ages: Cucuron, 1412-1413
This article focuses on an early fifteenth century trial involving a group of men from the Provençal village of Cucuron, accused of several acts of rebellion and of having torn down the gallows of a local nobleman. Rare documentation of this trial, rich with thirty-four testimonies, offers the opportunity to view how the community nimbly reacted to and organized against perceived injustices while knowledgeably implementing the legal tools available to protect its rights and privileges.
Journal Article
Silk : fibre, fabric and fashion
The complete visual account of how silk has been cultivated, woven, dyed, patterned, traded and worn throughout the world over 6000 years of human history.
Book
A Validation of ERA5 Reanalysis Data in the Southern Antarctic Peninsula—Ellsworth Land Region, and Its Implications for Ice Core Studies
Climate reanalyses provide key information to calibrate proxy records in regions with scarce direct observations. The climate reanalysis used to perform a proxy calibration should accurately reproduce the local climate variability. Here we present a regional scale evaluation of meteorological parameters using ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses compared to in-situ observations from 13 automatic weather stations (AWS), located in the southern Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. Both reanalyses seem to perform better in the escarpment area (>1000 m a.s.l) than on the coast. A significant improvement is observed in the performance of ERA5 over ERA-Interim. ERA5 is highly accurate, representing the magnitude and variability of near-surface air temperature and wind regimes. The higher spatial and temporal resolution provided by ERA5 reduces significantly the cold coastal biases identified in ERA-Interim and increases the accuracy representing the wind direction and wind speed in the escarpment. The slight underestimation in the wind speed obtained from the reanalyses could be attributed to an interplay of topographic factors and the effect of local wind regimes. Three sites in this region are highlighted for their potential for ice core studies. These sites are likely to provide accurate proxy calibrations for future palaeoclimatic reconstructions.
Journal Article
Source code
\"The origin of the new Oracle--the super-hacker who has become an invaluable ally to the Birds of Prey--is revealed in the newest collection of BATGIRL AND THE BIRDS OF PREY! Oracle's connection to the mastermind known as Calculator causes stain on his relationship with Batgirl, Black Canary and the Huntress. Black Canary goes undercover to discover the secrets of the woman called Blackbird, who can unlock any super-being's true potential. But Blackbird doesn't just enhance powers--she takes them for herself, making her an army of one who threatens the Birds of Prey's biggest secrets. Can guest stars Green Arrow and Nightwing turn the tide against this incredible new foe? Or will they be Blackbird's newest victims?\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Augmented Dried versus Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane as an Ocular Surface Dressing
Dried amniotic membrane (AM) can be a useful therapeutic adjunct in ophthalmic surgery and possesses logistical advantages over cryopreserved AM. Differences in preservation techniques can significantly influence the biochemical composition and physical properties of AM, potentially affecting clinical efficacy. This study was established to investigate the biochemical and structural effects of drying AM in the absence and presence of saccharide lyoprotectants and its biocompatibility compared to cryopreserved material.
AM was cryopreserved or dried with and without pre-treatment with trehalose or raffinose and the antioxidant epigallocatechin (EGCG). Structural and visual comparisons were assessed using electron microscopy. Localisation, expression and release of AM biological factors were determined using immunoassays and immunofluorescence. The biocompatibility of the AM preparations co-cultured with corneal epithelial cell (CEC) or keratocyte monolayers were assessed using cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and migration assays.
Drying devitalised AM epithelium, but less than cryopreservation and cellular damage was reduced in dried AM pre-treated with trehalose or raffinose. Dried AM alone, and with trehalose or raffinose showed greater factor retention efficiencies and bioavailability compared to cryopreserved AM and demonstrated a more sustained biochemical factor time release in vitro. Cellular health assays showed that dried AM with trehalose or raffinose are compatible and superior substrates compared to cryopreserved AM for primary CEC expansion, with increased proliferation and reduced LDH and caspase-3 levels. This concept was supported by improved wound healing in an immortalised human CEC line (hiCEC) co-cultured with dried and trehalose or raffinose membranes, compared to cryopreserved and fresh AM.
Our modified preservation process and our resultant optimised dried AM has enhanced structural properties and biochemical stability and is a superior substrate to conventional cryopreserved AM. In addition this product is stable and easily transportable allowing it to be globally wide reaching for use in clinical and military sectors.
Journal Article
Wonder Woman. Vol. 5, Heart of the Amazon
\"New danger and enemies are closer than she knows. Can the Lasso of Truth bring light to the dark for Wonder Woman? Coming off the highly anticipated Wonder Woman and Justice League movies and with the success of DC Super Hero Girls, the Amazon Warrior's profile is higher than ever\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Levelling up or levelling down?
Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder usually with onset in infancy. Intracellular accumulation of cystine occurs in all organs. In the kidney it results in excessive loss of electrolytes and water. Treatment involves replacement of fluid and electrolytes and cysteamine, which reduces intracellular cystine, limiting tissue damage.We present the case of a 22 year old female with nephropathic cystinosis and renal Fanconi syndrome treated with lifelong cysteamine. She presented to hospital with dehydration secondary to infective colitis. She was admitted to intensive care for rehydration and electrolytes were cautiously replaced. Three days after admission, when metabolically stable, she acutely deteriorated with tremor, confusion and agitation. On examination she was encephalopathic and had a spastic quadriparesis with spontaneous and sustained clonus. An MRI brain scan, EEG and CSF analysis didn’t reveal a cause, however her white cell cystine levels were very low, suggestive of cysteamine toxicity. Copper levels were low which can theoretically precipitate toxicity. Her cysteamine dose was reduced and copper replaced. After four days she showed neurological improvement, after two weeks she was fully recovered.Cysteamine toxicity alongside hypocupraemia can present with acute neurological deterioration but recovery can be full if this is recognised and managed promptly.
Journal Article
Reconstructing Antarctic winter sea-ice extent during Marine Isotope Stage 5e
Environmental conditions during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (130–116 ka) represent an important “process analogue” for understanding the climatic responses to present and future anthropogenic warming. The response of Antarctic sea ice to global warming is particularly uncertain due to the short length of the observational record. Reconstructing Antarctic winter sea-ice extent during MIS 5e therefore provides insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of sea-ice change under a warmer-than-present climate. This study presents new MIS 5e records from nine marine sediment cores located south of the Antarctic Polar Front between 55 and 70∘ S. Winter sea-ice extent and sea-surface temperatures are reconstructed using marine diatom assemblages and a modern analogue technique transfer function, and changes in these environmental variables between the three Southern Ocean sectors are investigated. The Atlantic and East Indian sector records show much more variable MIS 5e winter sea-ice extent and sea-surface temperatures than the Pacific sector records. High variability in the Atlantic sector winter sea-ice extent is attributed to high glacial meltwater flux in the Weddell Sea, indicated by increased abundances of the diatom species Eucampia antarctica and Fragilariopsis cylindrus. The high variability in the East Indian sector winter sea-ice extent is conversely believed to result from large latitudinal migrations of the flow bands of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, inferred from latitudinal shifts in the sea-surface temperature isotherms. Overall, these findings suggest that Pacific sector winter sea ice displays a low sensitivity to warmer climates. The different variability and sensitivity of Antarctic winter sea-ice extent in the three Southern Ocean sectors during MIS 5e may have significant implications for the Southern Hemisphere climatic system under future warming.
Journal Article
Antarctic Sea Ice Proxies from Marine and Ice Core Archives Suitable for Reconstructing Sea Ice over the Past 2000 Years
Dramatic changes in sea ice have been observed in both poles in recent decades. However, the observational period for sea ice is short, and the climate models tasked with predicting future change in sea ice struggle to capture the current Antarctic trends. Paleoclimate archives, from marine sedimentary records and coastal Antarctic ice cores, provide a means of understanding sea ice variability and its drivers over decadal to centennial timescales. In this study, we collate published records of Antarctic sea ice over the past 2000 years (2 ka). We evaluate the current proxies and explore the potential of combining marine and ice core records to produce multi-archive reconstructions. Despite identifying 92 sea ice reconstructions, the spatial and temporal resolution is only sufficient to reconstruct circum-Antarctic sea ice during the 20th century, not the full 2 ka. Our synthesis reveals a 90 year trend of increasing sea ice in the Ross Sea and declining sea ice in the Bellingshausen, comparable with observed trends since 1979. Reconstructions in the Weddell Sea, the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean reveal small negative trends in sea ice during the 20th century (1900–1990), in contrast to the observed sea ice expansion in these regions since 1979.
Journal Article