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We are conducting a research program to cocreate, implement and evaluate an injury prevention intervention for the Western Australia (WA) Police Force Recruit Training Academy. This programme of research has three primary phases: (1) cocreate an injury prevention intervention for the WA Police Force with WA Force recruits, WA Police Force staff, health professionals and injury prevention experts, (2) implement the injury prevention intervention into WA Police Force Recruit training and (3) evaluate the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of the injury prevention intervention. Our research programme includes the involvement of consumers, industry partners and researchers. To ensure collaboration and to measure our consumer, industry partner and researcher involvement, we have developed a protocol, including qualitative and quantitative evaluation, to address potential barriers to involvement. Thus, this protocol details our consumer, industry partner and researcher involvement plan across all three phases of this 5-year project and how we will evaluate their experience and influence. Our primary objective is to ensure meaningful consumer, industry partner and researcher involvement at all stages of the research process and evaluate how the research programme was influenced by consumer, industry partner and researcher involvement.

Objective: Exploring how body composition and musculoskeletal characteristics relate to physical performance may provide insights for optimising training outcomes. We explored if body composition and musculoskeletal characteristics were associated with tactical and cardiorespiratory performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study of police recruits within the Western Australia Police Force was performed. Total and regional body composition was assessed using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, with the tibial morphology and mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area assessed using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. Tactical performance was measured with a Physical Performance Evaluation, and cardiorespiratory fitness assessed using the Beep Test. Variables that were significant in univariate regressions progressed to generalised linear models, assessing relationships between measures and performance outcomes. Results: Twenty-seven recruits aged 21–51 years (40.7% female) participated. Better tactical performance was associated with lower body fat percentage (p < 0.001), lower body mass index (p < 0.001), higher appendicular muscle mass (p = 0.005), and a lower proximal (66%) tibia polar cross-section moment of inertia (p = 0.007). Better cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower body fat percentage (p = 0.004), higher appendicular lean mass (p = 0.006), a lower proximal (66%) tibia polar cross-section moment of inertia (p = 0.005), and a higher mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Various body composition and musculoskeletal characteristics are associated with tactical performance and cardiorespiratory fitness in WA police recruits. Lower body fat percentage and higher appendicular muscle mass were associated with both better cardiorespiratory fitness and tactical performance, highlighting the potential relevance of these characteristics in preparing police recruits for operational duties.

The voices of orphans and other vulnerable children and young people and of their carers and the professional development workers are documented and used to both criticise the inadequacies of current social development work and to create a new, alternative theory and practice of project management in Zimbabwe and southern Africa.

ObjectiveThere are inconsistent reports of factors relating to injury, illness and tactical performance in law enforcement recruits. Our objectives were to: (1) report physical and psychological risk factors and protective factors for injury and illness and (2) report physical and psychological risk factors and protective factors for tactical performance success.DesignSystematic epidemiological review.MethodsSearches of six databases were conducted on 13 December 2022. We included cohorts that assessed physical and psychological factors for injury, illness and tactical performance success. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies and certainty assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Results30 studies were included, and quality assessment was performed. Very low certainty of evidence exists for physical variables related to injury risk, and we found no studies that investigated psychological variables as a risk factor for injury. Low-certainty evidence found older age, poorer performance with push-up reps to failure, poorer arm ergometer revolutions, poorer beep test, poorer 75-yard pursuit and the 1.5 miles run tests to be associated with reduced tactical performance. Very low certainty of evidence exists that the psychological variables of intelligence and anger are associated with tactical performance.ConclusionsWe identified a lack of high-level evidence for factors associated with injury, illness and performance. Interventions based on this research will be suboptimal. We suggest context-specific factors related to injury, illness and performance in law enforcement populations are used to inform current practice while further, high-quality research into risk factors is performed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022381973.

Purpose A lack of published epidemiological data among police recruits presents a major challenge when designing appropriate prevention programs to reduce injury burden. We aimed to report the injury epidemiology of Western Australian (WA) Police Force recruits and examine sex and age as injury risk factors. Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted of prospectively collected injury data from WA Police Force recruits between 2018–2021. Injury was defined as ‘time-loss’ and injury incidence rate per 1000 training days (Poisson exact 95% confidence intervals) was calculated. For each region and type of injury, the incidence, severity, and burden were calculated. The association between age, sex, and injury occurrence were assessed using Cox regression time-to-event analysis. Results A total of 1316 WA Police Force recruits were included, of whom 264 recruits sustained 304 injuries. Injury prevalence was 20.1% and the incidence rate was 2.00 (95%CI 1.78–2.24) injuries per 1000 training days. Lower limb injuries accounted for most of the injury burden. Ligament/ joint injuries had the highest injury tissue/pathology burden. The most common activity injuring recruits was physical training (31.8% of all injuries). Older age (Hazard Ratio = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.2 to 1.9, p = 0.002) and female sex (Hazard Ratio = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.3 to 1.6, p < 0.001) increased risk of injury. Conclusion Prevention programs targeting muscle/tendon and ligament/joint injuries to the lower limb and shoulder should be prioritised to reduce the WA Police Force injury burden. Injury prevention programs should also prioritise recruits who are over 30 years of age or of female sex, given they are a higher risk population.

The social processes and political economy of grading in British higher education is a neglected topic. The aim of the paper is to stimulate interest in and empirical work about the secret garden of grading course work. In particular, the paper focuses on the contribution which the economics of uncertainty, as a conceptual framework, might make to revealing significant aspects of the real world of grading students' coursework. Uncertainty, it is argued, is a powerful organising concept because it reveals the weight of obligation which academics may feel which pushes them towards awarding an appropriate grade in the context of public scrutiny of their grading and the anxious anticipation of possibly litigatious students hoping for the highest grade they can tweak out of the system. The paper is tentative and speculative yet the preliminary argument offered suggests that empirical work may now be appropriate.

A healthy police force is a key component of a well-functioning society, yet 1 in 20 law enforcement recruits drop out of the recruit training programme due to injury. This drop-out rate has substantial economic and workforce ramifications. In the Western Australia Police Force, one in five recruits suffers a musculoskeletal injury during the recruit training programme, causing time-loss from work. We will now identify the critical elements of an injury prevention intervention and investigate the needs, experiences and suggested solutions to address potential implementation challenges. Our objective is to co-create an intervention with content and context experts, specifically for Western Australia Police Force recruits, to reduce injury prevalence, incidence rates and burden. A mixed-method participatory action research approach will guide intervention cocreation. Phase 1 will include concept mapping and phase 2 will include focus groups. This research will develop an intervention that the Western Australia Police Force can deliver to reduce injury prevalence, incidence rates and burden among recruits. The effectiveness of the intervention in reducing injury burden, economic burden and implementation will be evaluated.

Historians of the long eighteenth century have often debated the influence that the Anglican Church had on the English culture during this period. Many have asserted that the Anglican Church was simply a relic from a former time which no longer played a central role in English life. Others have claimed that the Anglican Church remained vibrant and influential throughout England and its colonies. I believe that the historical evidence strongly supports the claim that the Anglican Church exerted a robust influence on English culture during this era. I further claim that the Georgia Colony during the Trustee Era (1732-1752) serves as an excellent example of the influential role that the Anglican Church played in English culture during the eighteenth century. The Georgia Colony was founded by a group of men who were profoundly influenced by their Anglican Christian religion. There were seven Anglican priests that served as Trustees from 1732-1752. The Trustees of the Georgia Colony envisioned it as a place of refuge for the worthy poor of England and persecuted Protestants who wished to flee from the Catholic countries of the European continent. The Trustees committed to sending Anglican priests to Georgia as missionaries. These missionaries would provide religious services for the colonists, would seek to evangelize the local Indians and African slaves they encountered. The Trustees prohibited the use of alcoholic beverages in Georgia because of their negative effects on physical health and their tendency to dull peoples’ morals. In addition to this, the Trustees also forbade the colonists of Georgia to purchase and own slaves. The Trustees’ vision was thoroughly informed by their Anglican faith and can be discerned from the letters, journals, and other documents that they had written. Their vision was also promoted by several different people in their employ who wrote promotional pamphlets, letters, and journals. The Trustees gathered annually on the anniversary of the inception of the Georgia Trust and heard a sermon from an Anglican cleric in an Anglican church. These sermons were collected and printed and provide another source from which we can garner information about the Trustees’ vision for the colony. The Anglican priests who served as missionaries in the Georgia Colony served as agents of the Trustees and were entrusted with the task of bringing their vision to fruition. Over the course of twenty years, ten Anglican priests served in the Georgia Colony as missionaries. Many of these missionaries did not stay long in Georgia and had little discernible impact in establishing the vision of the Trustees. There were other difficulties, which the missionaries faced that the Trustees did not anticipate. After twenty years, the colony that the Trustees envisioned never materialized and they ceded control of Georgia to the English Parliament. Although the Georgia Colony did not succeed during the Trustee Era, the mere fact that the endeavor took place at all is evidence for the strength and influence of the Anglican Church during the long eighteenth century.

This research explores consumer satisfaction relevant to the purchase of life insurance products and compares satisfaction in a broker or agent assisted transaction with satisfaction when no broker or agent is used, direct placement. Benchmarks are identified for consumer satisfaction with the life insurance product, the agent, and the institution. The research shows that trust, competence, and product appropriateness play an integral part in consumer satisfaction. Practicing financial planners can apply the implications of this study in their own practices, and/or future researchers can determine whether consumer satisfaction increases or decreases as distribution and marketing methods evolve. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]