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Hydrophobicity is a key determinant in the activity of arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides
To deliver useful biological payloads into the cytosolic space of cells, cell-penetrating peptides have to cross biological membranes. The molecular features that control or enhance this activity remain unclear. Herein, a dimeric template of the arginine-rich HIV TAT CPP was used to establish the effect of incorporating groups and residues of various chemical structures and properties. A positive correlation is established between the relative hydrophobicity of these additional moieties and the ability of the CPP conjugates to deliver a peptidic probe into live cells. CPP conjugates with low hydrophobicity lead to no detectable delivery activity, while CPPs containing groups of increasing hydrophobicity achieve intracellular delivery at low micromolar concentrations. Notably, the chemical structures of the hydrophobic groups do not appear to play a role in overall cell penetration activity. The cell penetration activity detected is consistent with endosomal escape. Leakage assays with lipid bilayer of endosomal membrane composition also establish a positive correlation between hydrophobicity and membrane permeation. Overall, these results indicate that the presence of a relatively hydrophobic moiety, regardless of structure, is required in a CPP structure to enhance its cell penetration. It also indicates that simple modifications, including fluorophores used for cell imaging or small payloads, modulate the activity of CPPs and that a given CPP-conjugate may be unique in its membrane permeation properties.
Journal Article
The possibility of tenderness : a Jamaican memoir of plants and dreams
'The Possibility of Tenderness' is a personal history narrated through the lens of the 'grung' and plants. It's also a people's history of the land, a family saga, an archival detective story through time. It's the migration tale of a young scholar who arrives in Britain from rural Jamaica to study at Oxford to achieve 'upward social mobility' and who now lives in Roundhay Leeds. Suddenly, amidst his journey of dreams and class aspiration, the plants and people of his native district, Coffee Grove, begin to offer different ways of living, alternative dreams, and the possibility of tenderness and the permission to roam England.
BOOK
Trial of Early Minimally Invasive Removal of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
In a trial of minimally invasive cerebral hematoma removal within 24 hours after onset of hemorrhage, functional outcomes were better with surgery than with medical treatment, particularly among patients with lobar hemorrhages.
Journal Article
Architectural detailing : function, constructability, aesthetics
\"Architects understand that aesthetics are only a small fraction of good design, and that stability and functionality require a deep understanding of how things come together. In guiding a design from idea to reality, architects create a set of details that show how a structure will be put together. Good details are correct, complete, and provide accurate information to a wide variety of users. Using patterns that demonstrate best practice and consistent designs, this book teaches how to design a building that will perform as well as was intended by the designer\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Effects of Cranioplasty on Cerebral Blood Flow Following Decompressive Craniectomy: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy (DC) is routinely performed for reconstructive purposes and has been recently linked to improved cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neurological function.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review all available literature to evaluate the effect of cranioplasty on CBF and neurocognitive recovery.
METHODS: A PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE search adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines included studies reporting patients who underwent DC and subsequent cranioplasty in whom cerebral hemodynamics were measured before and after cranioplasty.
RESULTS: The search yielded 21 articles with a total of 205 patients (range 3–76 years) who underwent DC and subsequent cranioplasty. Two studies enrolled 29 control subjects for a total of 234 subjects. Studies used different imaging modalities, including CT perfusion (n = 10), Xenon-CT (n = 3), single-photon emission CT (n = 2), transcranial Doppler (n = 6), MR perfusion (n = 1), and positron emission tomography (n = 2). Precranioplasty CBF evaluation ranged from 2 days to 6 months; postcranioplasty CBF evaluation ranged from 7 days to 6 months. All studies demonstrated an increase in CBF ipsilateral to the side of the cranioplasty. Nine of 21 studies also reported an increase in CBF on the contralateral side. Neurological function improved in an overwhelming majority of patients after cranioplasty.
CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggests that cranioplasty improves CBF following DC with a concurrent improvement in neurological function. The causative impact of CBF on neurological function, however, requires further study.
Journal Article
Self-portrait as Othello
This second collection from the 2022 OCM Bocas Poetry Prize winner re-imagines Shakespeare's Othello for the modern age, intertwining the identities of 'immigrant' and 'Black'.
Book
Neuroimaging of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% to 20% of strokes worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Neuroimaging is indispensable for rapid diagnosis of ICH and identification of the underlying etiology, thus facilitating triage and appropriate treatment of patients. The most common neuroimaging modalities include noncontrast computed tomography (CT), CT angiography (CTA), digital subtraction angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The strengths and disadvantages of each modality will be reviewed. Novel technologies such as dual-energy CT/CTA, rapid MRI techniques, near-infrared spectroscopy, and automated ICH detection hold promise for faster pre- and in-hospital ICH diagnosis that may impact patient management.
Journal Article
Fall of the batmen
\"Red Robin has returned, resuming his work in Gotham City as well as his romance with Stephanie Brown, the Spoiler. These two, along with Batwoman, Clayface, Batwing, Azrael and Orphan, help Batman reduce the threat of crime to the citizenry. But their success comes with a horrible price. The First Victim and his Victim Syndicate want one thing: to make Batman pay. They have turned the whole city against the Batmen in protest, abducted Clayface and threatened to release all of Arkham Asylum's most dangerous villains if Batman doesn't unmask on live television. Everything Red Robin has built to ensure a new future for the team could crumble if the Victim Syndicate triumphs...or if one member of the team makes a detrimental decision that could tear them apart. Plus, a full-length look at Basil Karlo's tortured life, from being the son of a distant man-of-a-thousand-faces father to the accident that turned the rising celebrity into the shape-changing Clayface.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Amino Acids in Life: A Prebiotic Division of Labor
There are more than 20 amino acids used in Biology, and their utilization is enigmatic. Here, I propose that there was a prebiotic division of labor between two subsets of amino acids. The first set is the alpha-l set, which includes all the genetically encoded amino acids. These convey heritable information. The second set is all the remaining types, which includes the d-enantiomers incorporated in non-ribosomally encoded peptides and those used in signaling. These convey proximally mediated information about the environment. This division of labor became fixed early in the evolutionary history of life on the Earth.
Journal Article