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The line tender
\"Following a tragedy that further alters the course of her life, twelve-year-old Lucy Everhart decides to continue the shark research her marine biologist mother left unfinished when she died years earlier\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Parental domestic violence and abuse, mental ill-health, and substance misuse and the impact on child mental health: a secondary data analysis using the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Background
Parental domestic violence and abuse (DVA), mental ill-health (MH), and substance misuse (SU) can have a negative impact on both parents and children. However, it remains unclear if and how parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster and the impacts this clustering might have. We examined
how
parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster during early childhood, the demographic/contextual profiles of these clusters, and how these clusters relate to child MH trajectories.
Methods
We examined data from 15,377 families in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. We used: (1) latent class analysis to create groups differentially exposed to parental DVA, MH, and SU at age three; (2) latent growth curve modelling to create latent trajectories of child MH from ages 3–17; and (3) a case-weight approach to relate latent classes to child MH trajectories.
Results
We identified three latent classes:
high-frequency alcohol use
(11.9%),
elevated adversity
(3.5%), and
low-level adversity
(84.6%). Children in the
elevated adversity
class had higher probabilities of being from low-socioeconomic backgrounds and having White, younger parents. Children exposed to
elevated adversity
displayed worse MH at age three (intercept = 2.274;
p
< 0.001) compared the
low-level adversity
(intercept = 2.228;
p
< 0.001) and
high-frequency alcohol use
class (intercept = 2.068;
p
< 0.001). However, latent growth factors (linear and quadratic terms) of child MH did not differ by latent class.
Conclusions
Parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster during early childhood and this has a negative impact on children’s MH at age three, leading to similar levels of poor MH across time. Intervening early to prevent the initial deterioration, using a syndemic-approach is essential.
Journal Article
A few beautiful minutes : experiencing a solar eclipse
\"Sky gazers experience a total solar eclipse in this descriptive picture book about the wonders of this phenomenon\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Family focused interventions that address parental domestic violence and abuse, mental ill-health, and substance misuse in combination: A systematic review
Parental domestic violence and abuse (DVA), mental ill-health (MH), and substance misuse (SU) are three public health issues that tend to cluster within families, risking negative impacts for both parents and children. Despite this, service provision for these issues has been historically siloed, increasing the barriers families face to accessing support. Our review aimed to identify family focused interventions that have combined impacts on parental DVA, MH, and/or SU. We searched 10 databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Education Research Information Centre, Sociological Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from inception to July 2021 for randomised controlled trials examining the effectiveness of family focused, psychosocial, preventive interventions targeting parents/carers at risk of, or experiencing, DVA, MH, and/or SU. Studies were included if they measured impacts on two or more of these issues. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 was used to quality appraise studies, which were synthesised narratively, grouped in relation to the combination of DVA, MH, and/or SU outcomes measured. Harvest plots were used to illustrate the findings. Thirty-seven unique studies were identified for inclusion. Of these, none had a combined positive impact on all three outcomes and only one study demonstrated a combined positive impact on two outcomes. We also found studies that had combined adverse, mixed, or singular impacts. Most studies were based in the U.S., targeted mothers, and were rated as ‘some concerns’ or ‘high risk’ of bias. The results highlight the distinct lack of evidence for, and no ‘best bet’, family focused interventions targeting these often-clustered risks. This may, in part, be due to the ways interventions are currently conceptualised or designed to influence the relationships between DVA, MH, and/or SU. Trial registration : PROSPERO registration: CRD42020210350 .
Journal Article
Exploring the Ability to Perform Activities of Daily Living and Cognitive Status after Hospitalization with COVID-19: A Multiple Case Study
Background. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation including occupational therapy after COVID-19 is recommended. However, evidence on how COVID-19 affects the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) is sparse. Objective. The aim of this study was to explore the ability to perform ADL and cognitive status in patients with COVID-19 at time of discharge and three months postdischarge. Methods. This prospective multiple case study included adults with COVID-19, who at time of discharge had decreased ADL performance compared to habitual functional level. Data collection included Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at discharge and three-month follow-up. Exploratory analysis was used to identify similarities and trends within and across cases. Results. Eleven patients were included. 75% had a significant increase in motor ability measures, and 27% had a significant increase in process ability measures at follow-up. 67% of follow-up cases showed mild cognitive impairment, where executive functioning and memory were most predominant. Conclusions. The ability to perform ADL was affected at discharge and at three-month follow-up. Furthermore, mild cognitive impairment was present at both hospital discharge and follow-up in most cases. Significance. Occupational therapists can apply performance-based assessments to identify the need for rehabilitation of ADL in patients with COVID-19 during and posthospitalization.
Journal Article
Experiences of commissioning services for child and adolescent mental health in England (UK): a qualitative framework analysis
ObjectivesTo explore commissioners’ experiences of commissioning services for child and adolescent mental health, their perspectives on the needs of their populations, the challenges they face and their needs for support and data.DesignQualitative study involving semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using framework analysis.SettingEngland, UK.Participants12 integrated care board commissioners, responsible for commissioning NHS England Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS).ResultsWe identified five themes: ‘reflections on role’; ‘priorities and tensions: working in a complex and evolving integrated care system’; ‘insights and evidence: the role and use of data and informants’; ‘children’s mental health in the limelight: influences and expectations’; and ‘responding to need \"CAMHS as the answer to everything\"’. Combined, these themes highlight the integral role commissioners play in providing oversight over the local system and challenges to this role including disproportionate funding for services for child and adolescent mental health, different use and value ascribed to ‘qualitative’ and ‘quantitative’ data, rises in demand and the limited focus on early intervention and prevention.ConclusionsCAMHS commissioners are currently negotiating a complex and changing political, social and economic environment with competing priorities and pressures. Our research indicates that commissioners require greater support as their roles continue to evolve.
Journal Article
Inspiratory muscle training in young, race-fit Thoroughbred racehorses during a period of detraining
Although inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is reported to improve inspiratory muscle strength in humans little has been reported for horses. We tested the hypothesis that IMT would maintain and/or improve inspiratory muscle strength variables measured in Thoroughbreds during detraining. Thoroughbreds from one training yard were placed into a control (Con, n = 3 males n = 7 females; median age 2.2±0.4 years) or treatment group (Tr, n = 5 males, n = 5 females; median age 2.1±0.3 years) as they entered a detraining period at the end of the racing/training season. The Tr group underwent eight weeks of IMT twice a day, five days per week using custom-made training masks with resistance valves and an incremental threshold of breath-loading protocol. An inspiratory muscle strength test to fatigue using an incremental threshold of breath-loading was performed in duplicate before (T0) and after four (T1) and eight weeks (T2) of IMT/no IMT using a custom-made testing mask and a commercial testing device. Inspiratory measurements included the total number of breaths achieved during the test, average load, peak power, peak volume, peak flow, energy and the mean peak inspiratory muscle strength index (IMSi). Data were analysed using a linear mixed effects model, P≤0.05 significant. There were no differences for inspiratory measurements between groups at T0. Compared to T0, the total number of breaths achieved (P = 0.02), load (P = 0.003) and IMSi (P = 0.01) at T2 had decreased for the Con group while the total number of breaths achieved (P<0.001), load (P = 0.03), volume (P = 0.004), flow (P = 0.006), energy (P = 0.01) and IMSi (P = 0.002) had increased for the Tr group. At T2 the total number of breaths achieved (P<0.0001), load (P<0.0001), volume (P = 0.02), energy (P = 0.03) and IMSi (P<0.0001) were greater for the Tr than Con group. In conclusion, our results support that IMT can maintain and/or increase aspects of inspiratory muscle strength for horses in a detraining programme.
Journal Article
Evaluation of Person-Centredness in Rehabilitation for People Living with Dementia Is Needed: A Review of the Literature
Background. With an expected increase in the prevalence of dementia, change in care policies and healthcare systems worldwide is needed. Rehabilitation is increasingly recognised as contributing to dementia care. Rehabilitation subscribes to person-centredness, and thus, evaluations of person-centredness in rehabilitation for people living with dementia are relevant in order for healthcare professionals to know how best to practice person-centredness. Aim. The aim of this study was to identify methods of evaluating person-centeredness in rehabilitation for people living with dementia. Materials and Methods. Review of the literature using the search terms dementia, person-centredness, and rehabilitation or occupational therapy. Databases searched included: CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, OTseeker, and SveMed+. The study included peer-reviewed articles from year 2000 to 2018 in Danish, English, Norwegian, or Swedish. Results. Only one academic article met the inclusion criteria. In that article, person-centred practice was evaluated using observation and interview as well as analytical frameworks from person-centred care and occupational therapy. Conclusion. Evaluations of person-centred practice in rehabilitation for people living with dementia in peer-reviewed literature are lacking. Evaluations are needed to identify effective strategies to pursue and uphold person-centred care. Given the dearth of research on evaluations of person-centredness in rehabilitation, this article included research in person-centred dementia care in the discussion, which potentially can inspire practice and research of rehabilitation for people living with dementia. To understand the complex nature of person-centredness, a variety of research methodologies of qualitative and quantitative characters are recommended for evaluations.
Journal Article
The Norwegian-American lutheran experience in 1950s Japan
This study examines a group of young Norwegian-American missionaries sent to Japan in the early 1950s. Certain that a communist regime would take over and make mission work impossible, as in China, they instead witnessed Japan's economic transformation and were affected by postcolonial ideologies and new ways to understand \"mission.\"
eBook
Place-based approaches to improve the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people: a rapid realist review
Background
Adolescent mental health continues to be a pressing public health concern across the globe, in spite of renewed efforts in recent years to improve mental health and wellbeing outcomes. With many mental health services and systems ill-equipped to meet young people’s needs, there is growing evidence that prevention interventions addressing the social and structural determinants of mental health should be prioritised. Consequently, there is a move away from isolated interventions towards ‘place-based approaches’ that aim to unlock systemic or structural change. However, there is limited evidence on how these approaches create change and the different contextual factors or underlying mechanisms that influence outcomes. This is the first realist review on place-based approaches to improve young people’s mental health.
Methods
This rapid realist review synthesises relevant literature on place-based approaches to improve the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people. The review involved consultation with programme developers, an expert panel of content specialists and a Young Person’s Advisory Group. Online databases were searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2000 and August 2023, resulting in 5685 articles.
Results
Fifteen articles from eight countries were included in the review, from which 11 realist context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOCs) were developed to explain the underlying mechanisms present in the place-based approaches. These CMOCs were categorised into three themes: (1) Building relationships and trust, (2) bringing a social determinants lens, and (3) educating and empowering community stakeholders.
Conclusions
This review provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underpinning place-based approaches. However, the mechanisms identified primarily address the intermediate outcomes of place-based approaches, such as engaging the right stakeholders and creating opportunities for youth voices to be heard. Articles did not address the challenges around long-term sustainability and there remain crucial questions around the pathway to wider systemic change. Recommendations are included for future development and evaluation of place-based approaches to improve young people’s mental health.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42023450778.
Journal Article