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"Allen, Rhianon"
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The Penguin dictionary of psychology
This book has become a byword for demystifying the language of this complex subject. Now fully updated for its fourth edition, this wide-ranging and accessible dictionary is invaluable for both students and professionals, and an indispensable guide to all areas of psychology and psychiatry.
Book
Determining optimal therapy of dogs with chronic enteropathy by measurement of serum citrulline
Abstract
Background
Serum concentration of citrulline is a useful biomarker in human intestinal disease and indicates globally reduced enterocyte mass and absorptive function in various disease states.
Objectives
To determine whether serum citrulline concentration is a biomarker in chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs, to provide useful information regarding optimal treatment or to predict outcome.
Animals
Seventy-four dogs with CE and 83 breed- and age-matched hospital controls with no clinical signs of intestinal disease.
Methods
Retrospective study. Outcome was determined and dogs were categorized by response to treatment as having food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), antibiotic-responsive diarrhea (ARD), or idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Disease severity was quantified by the CIBDAI scoring index.
Results
Serum citrulline concentration did not differ between dogs with CE (median, 8.4 µg/mL, 5th-95th percentile 2.0-19.6) and controls (median, 8.1 µg/mL, 5th-95th percentile 2.2-19.7, P = .91). Serum citrulline concentration was similar between dogs with FRE (median, 9.1 µg/mL, 5th-95th percentile 2.0-18.9), ARD (median, 13.0 µg/mL, 5th-95th percentile 1.6-19.2), IBD (median, 8.4 µg/mL, 5th-95th percentile 2.1-21.0; P = .91). Serum citrulline did not correlate to CIBDAI or to serum albumin concentration.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
In our study, serum citrulline concentration was not associated with efficacy of treatment or outcome in dogs with CE.
Journal Article
Let's Get Down to Business: A Validation Study of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory Among a Sample of MBA Students.
While the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) has gained increasing attention as a measure of noncriminal psychopathy, absent has been research involving samples including business people. This study investigated the validity of the PPI with such a population by examining the association between psychopathic traits and moral decision-making among MBA students. Sixty-six MBA students were assessed using the PPI, the MACH-IV (a measure of Machiavellianism), the Ethical Position Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Defining Issues Test (DIT-2). Only PPI Machiavellian Egocentricity was associated with level of post-conventional moral reasoning. MACH-IV Machiavellianism was a stronger predictor of the Subjectivist ethical position than were PPI subscales. However, a combination of MACH-IV Machiavellianism and four PPI scales accounted for 46% of the variance in Subjectivism. Results suggested that Machiavellian Egocentricity and Machiavellianism are distinct constructs. Benning, Patrick, Hicks, Blonigen, & Krueger (2003)'s two factor model of the PPI was also supported. In general, the findings provided further validation for the PPI as a tool for assessing psychopathic traits among \"mainstream\" individuals, including business people.
Journal Article
“Don't go on my property!”: A case study of transactions of user rights
Two hours of conversation among three children were examined for oral disputes concerning use of beds in their bedroom. Examination of transcript segments revealed that the children signaled a social order governing use of property and objects. The children were found to negotiate such use on an ongoing basis, and the form and content of the disputes differed dramatically according to whether the beds were being claimed for the purpose of play or sleep. The conversations reflected the ongoing construction and negotiation of social representations, within shared frames or finite provinces of meaning, for use of space and objects. (Ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, property, ownership)
Journal Article
Individual Differences in Conscious Experience
Individual Differences in Conscious Experience is intended for readers with philosophical, psychological, or clinical interests in subjective experience. It addresses some difficult but important issues in the study of consciousness, subconsciousness, and self-consciousness. The book's fourteen chapters are written by renowned, pioneering researchers who, collectively, have published more than fifty books and more than one thousand journal articles. The editors' introductory chapter frames the book's subtext: that mind-brain theories embodying the constraints of individual differences in subjective experience should be given greater credence than nomothetic theories ignoring those constraints. The next five chapters describe research and theory pertaining to individual differences in conscious sensations - specifically, individual differences in pain perception, phantom limbs, gustatory sensations, and mental imagery. Then, two succeeding chapters focus on individual differences in subconsciousness. The final six chapters address individual differences in altered states of self-consciousness - dreams, hypnotic phenomena, and various clinical syndromes.(Series B).
eBook
Integration of communicational cues by very young children
Presented is a study that tested the ability of young children to recognize & assimilate pragmatic cues. To assess the impact of verbal & nonverbal information on pragmatic response, children (N = 16, aged 1:5-2:4) were asked questions that could take either informational or action responses. Conventionalization of linguistic form, gestural accompaniments, & preceding discourse were systematically varied. Ss responded in a pragmatically appropriate manner to conventionalized forms. Gestures affected almost all categories of response, whereas the pragmatic function of discourse preceding nonconventionalized questions was found to have no effect on Ss' responses. Older Ss gave more simultaneous integrative responses than did younger ones. Results indicate an increasing ability to coordinate linguistic & nonlinguistic sources of information, but little tendency to integrate across successively presented information. 3 Tables, 27 References. Adapted from the source document
Journal Article
Multiple Belief Systems in Psychotherapy: The Effects of Religion and Professional Beliefs on Clinical Judgment
This study examined the effects of religious and professional beliefs on clinical judgment. Eighty-seven psychotherapists completed a religious belief survey and a professional belief survey, as well as a questionnaire concerning internal conflict between professional and religious beliefs. The subjects then read two brief vignettes, describing a religious and a non-religious patient, and rated the patients with regard to optimism or pessimism concerning responsiveness to treatment. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between religious and professional beliefs. However, the strength of religious beliefs predicted optimism for the religious patient. In addition, there was a significant interaction effect between strength of religious beliefs and strength of professional beliefs on clinical ratings.
Journal Article
The effects of rerepresentation on future performance
This study examined Karmiloff‐Smith's (1984) model of the development of higher levels of awareness. We extended her model and examined the effects of externally induced representations of a successfully completed action on future performance. Fifty‐three children, between the ages of 6 and 8 years, built a bridge to a mountain. After completion, one group drew and verbalized their bridge‐building process, another group only drew, a third group only verbalized and a control group did not rerepresent. The children then built another bridge. Compared to the no‐representation group, children who represented in two modalities tended to increase their spontaneous strategy changes during the second building. The verbal‐only group showed increased spontaneous strategy change relative to no‐representation controls. The draw‐only group decreased this meta‐procedural activity over time compared to the multiple representation group. The bridge constructions were more complex in the second building for the multiple representation group. This study gives support to the possibility of externally stimulating higher levels of awareness in children. Task process change may be understood as a precursor for more substantial change. This study suggests that multiple representations may lead to the greatest flexibility in future performance, and that mode of representation influences meta‐procedural activity.
Journal Article