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Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms, prominently featuring the freezing of gait (FOG), which significantly impairs patients’ quality of life. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying FOG remain elusive, posing challenges for effective management and treatment. This paper presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of FOG prediction and detection methodologies, with a focus on the integration of wearable sensor technology and machine learning (ML) approaches. Through an exhaustive review of the literature, this study identifies key trends, datasets, preprocessing techniques, feature extraction methods, evaluation metrics, and comparative analyses between ML and non-ML approaches. The analysis also explores the utilization of cueing devices. The limited adoption of explainable AI (XAI) approaches in FOG prediction research represents a significant gap. Improving user acceptance and comprehension requires an understanding of the logic underlying algorithm predictions. Current FOG detection and prediction research has a number of limitations, which are identified in the discussion. These include issues with cueing devices, dataset constraints, ethical and privacy concerns, financial and accessibility restrictions, and the requirement for multidisciplinary collaboration. Future research avenues center on refining explainability, expanding and diversifying datasets, adhering to user requirements, and increasing detection and prediction accuracy. The findings contribute to advancing the understanding of FOG and offer valuable guidance for the development of more effective detection and prediction methodologies, ultimately benefiting individuals affected by PD.

This work presents the design and analysis of newly developed reconfigurable, flexible, inexpensive, optically-controlled, and fully printable chipless Arabic alphabet-based radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The etching of the metallic copper tag strip is performed on a flexible simple thin paper substrate (ϵr = 2.31) backed by a metallic ground plane. The analysis of investigated tags is performed in CST MWS in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz for the determination of the unique signature resonance characteristics of each tag in terms of its back-scattered horizontal and vertical mono-static radar cross section (RCS). The analysis reflects that each tag has its own unique electromagnetic signature (EMS) due to the changing current distribution of metallic resonator. This EMS of each tag could be used for the robust detection and recognition of all realized 28 Arabic alphabet tags. The study also discusses, for the first time, the effect of the change in font type and size of realized tags on their EMS. The robustness and reliability of the obtained EMS of letter tags is confirmed by comparing the RCS results for selective letter tags using FDTD and MoM numerical methods, which shows very good agreement. The proposed tags could be used for smart internet of things (IoT) and product marketing applications.

In this paper, a method to reduce mutual coupling between an E-plane and H-plane coupled microstrip patch antenna is presented. Two dual differentially fed square patches are designed in a 1 × 2 antenna array configuration. To minimize mutual coupling and its effects, coupled split-ring resonators (SRRs) are designed, characterized and positioned between the patches. Circular SRRs are designed and coupled to produce a band-stop response to suppress surface waves propagating within the dielectric substrate while enhancing isolation. Mutual coupling interactions and the suppression mechanism are discussed in relation to the patches and SRRs. The patch radiators are dual differentially fed to achieve polarization diversity. E- and H-planes decoupling is achieved between the two patches throughout their bandwidth while maintaining good antenna performance. A prototype of the antenna array and the SRR is fabricated and measured to validate the decoupling approach. With a separation distance of 0.49λ between the patches, the measured S-parameters show an impedance bandwidth of |S11|≤−10 dB, covering 9.27–9.46 GHz, and −38 dB and −35 dB mutual coupling for E- and H-planes, respectively, are observed throughout the antenna operating bandwidth.

This paper presents a novel design concept for near-field wireless power transfer (WPT) systems that leverages the seamless integration of metamaterials (MTMs) into slotted resonators. This approach enhances magnetic field ( B ) distribution, strengthens evanescent wave coupling, and hence improves overall WPT performance. An MTM structure exhibiting negative permeability at the operating frequency of 433 MHz was designed and incorporated into a square-slot-based resonator. Electromagnetic (EM) analysis revealed increased current density and subsequently enlarged B around the resonator. Additionally, impedance matching, key parameter extraction, and equivalent circuit (EC) modeling were performed using the effective J-inverter method. The developed WPT system, with compact dimensions of 30 × 30 2 , achieved a power transfer efficiency of 82% at 33 mm. The design was experimentally validated, showing excellent agreement among EM simulations, EC modeling, and measurement results. Finally, performance comparison with other reported systems confirmed the superiority and practical effectiveness of the proposed design in enabling compact and highly efficient WPT systems.

This study introduces a new design for an ultra-compact shared-aperture antenna utilizing a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW) cavity. The proposed antenna operates as a 4 × 4 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system in three 5G/6G millimeter-wave (MMw) bands, while functioning as a single element antenna for a 5.5 GHz wireless fidelity Microwave (Mw) band. The antenna comprises four QMSIW cavity resonators; each QMSIW is loaded with dual slots to produce tri-band MMw operation at 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 0.13 THz. The four cavities are arranged to reuse the entire aperture by creating a conventional open-loop antenna that operates at a frequency of 5.5 GHz. Simulation, measurement, and co-simulation results show that the proposed antenna has a quad-band operation and exhibits favorable characteristics. The measured scattering parameters validate the simulated ones over the four bands under consideration. The lowest values of the measured total radiation efficiencies are 80%, 73%, 62%, and 72% (co-simulation) within the four covered bands, respectively. The antenna peak gains are 1.8 to 1.85 dBi, 4.0 to 4.5 dBi, 4.3 to 4.5 dBi, and 6.5 to 6.6 dBi within the covered bands. Furthermore, the design satisfies MIMO and diversity conditions (envelope correlation coefficient and branch power ratio) over frequency bands of operation. All excellent results are achieved from an ultra-compact size in terms of footprint area (0.018λ02), where λ0 represents the free space wavelength at 5.5 GHz. The antenna boasts an excellent reuse aperture utilization efficiency (RAU) of 92% and a large ratio frequency of 23, making it an ideal candidate for compact devices. With its superior performance, the proposed design is well-suited for a range ofs wireless communication systems, including mobile devices and the Internet of Things.