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The purpose of this study was to determine whether corporate governance is an important and effective technique for enhancing investors' confidence in existing and prospective companies and for creating opportunities for safe investment in Yemen. A survey was conducted among certified public accountants to assess the importance of corporate governance. We employed regression analysis to test our hypothesis. According to the results of the study, corporate governance is an essential component of success for companies, and those firms that apply corporate governance best practices are highly regarded. Additionally, the findings suggest that regulators, policymakers, and standard-setters should raise awareness of the importance of protecting shareholders' rights by providing seminars and courses for Yemeni media, unions, and professional associations. Moreover, in an environment of uncertainty there is a reluctance to invest and a prevalent tendency to invest in real estate. Furthermore, the results indicate that corporate governance is not practiced by all companies but only to a limited extent by some joint-stock companies. Most of the Yemeni companies that have adopted CG are joint-stock companies, so investors prefer to invest in these companies. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for regulators, practitioners, and academicians. We recommend that this survey be extended to a larger sample, including supervisory managers of companies. This study provides an insightful contribution, because it clarifies the importance of corporate governance for Yemeni investors and investee companies.

The current paper aims to investigate the moderating role of liquidity in the relationship between accounting and advertising expenditures and the financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. Furthermore, the present paper highlights the importance of managing expenditures and improving financial performance. Since the performance of Jordanian SMEs is extremely critical, furthermore, the present paper explores the possibility of empowering these businesses in order to achieve profitability. This paper is based on descriptive statistics, regression, and correlation analysis in order to analyze the data, collecting secondary data from 200 SMEs. The results demonstrate that accounting expenditures are key factors for financial performance, especially in SMEs. Moreover, SMEs are more sensitive to liquidity challenges, which significantly impact their short-term expenditure and consequently influence their financial performance. It is evident that accounting expenditures moderated by liquidity have a positive effect on the financial performance of SMEs. However, our findings indicate a negative effect regarding the relationship between advertising expenditures and financial performance. According to the results of this study, regulators may offer new regulations and legislation in the future to the Ministry of Finance and the Amman Stock Exchange.

The paper explores the impact of digital payment systems, blockchain technology, and AI/machine learning on innovation and sustainability in financial organizations. As part of the analysis, the study has adopted an explanatory research design and has used SmartPLS in order to analyze the data collected from 230 professionals of different fields through a structured questionnaire. The results show positive effects of digital payment systems and blockchain technology on organizations’ innovations with the impact of digital payments being the most pronounced. Empirical results suggest that these technologies are important to improve sustainability performance, depending on measures of internal consistency and discriminant validity among the proposed constructs. Al, also machine learning, has the highest relevance with environmental sustainability, thereby underlining the importance and work of such measures. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, the study also explains the need for the organization to assimilate these innovations to enhance the organizational operations, customer satisfaction, and compliance with the laws. The study highlights fintech’s potential to address environmental issues and enhance societal goals, but geographical limitations may obstruct its transportability.

This paper seeks to examine the extent to which environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure affects capital structure and cost of capital for non-financial Fortune 500 firms. With a sample period from 2007 to 2022 and a system (Generalized Method of Moments) GMM estimation method, we investigate the linkage between ESG disclosure scores and both leverage and the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Thus, we find that firms with stronger ESG performance have higher ESG disclosure and lower leverage ratios and WACC, highlighting that firms with good ESG outcomes have better equity financing facilities and are perceived to be less risky. We also find the moderation effect where the effects of ESG disclosure depend on the level of ESG disclosure. The empirical results thus show that the environmental and social factors have significant influences on leverage and WACC than the governance factors. Furthermore, we show that firm size affects these relationships in that larger firms are more affected by the variables. These findings extend the literature on ESG, and provide relevant information for corporate financial managers, investors, and policymakers about the financial effects of ESG disclosure. This paper therefore provides evidence of the relevance of ESG factors in decisions on capital structure and cost of capital especially for large firms.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the conciseness and complexity of financial disclosures and market reactions, using the annual reports of Chinese-listed B-share companies over the period 2006–2018. We employed a set of statistical methods that were derived from other fields, such as computational and event studies, in order to derive the English annual reports of Chinese-listed companies, as well as to obtain other key financial indicators from the CSMAR database. Markets react significantly to increased report length, which means that managers that present poor returns with manipulated financial reports could be hiding poor returns. Additionally, the findings of this study are robust to additional tests that use alternative proxies. Furthermore, the results of this paper reinforce the hypothesis that the readability of financial reports affects financial market response. The results indicate that more complex financial reports are correlated with lower current returns, and negatively affect the expectations of future returns. For the purposes of avoiding the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the results, we utilized data up to 2018. In light of this circumstance, we recommend that future research be conducted that compares results from before and after the coronavirus pandemic. The findings of our study have important implications for regulators, managers, and investors. Investors should obtain relevant information through annual reports; therefore, the importance of style is less relevant. Managers should be encouraged to write their annual reports more concisely. This study concluded that these reports are significant outputs of firms, and are widely read by investors. The study also provides empirical evidence of market reactions that are associated with readability and earnings, as well as with surprise earnings; thus, the complexity of annual reports provided by a variety of investors, using computational and event analysis, should be reduced.

This study is conducted to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and information asymmetry (IA), as well as the role of corporate governance (CG) as a moderating factor. This paper employs panel data regression analysis. The CSR disclosure scores are collected from the HX database by way of Hexun.com, while financial data are collected from the CSMAR database. The association between CSR and information asymmetry is examined using generalised least squares (GLS). The current evidence shows that CSR disclosure reduces information asymmetry. In addition, the findings illustrate that particular aspects of CG moderate the relationship between CSR and information asymmetry. More specifically, board size, CEO duality, and board independence positively affect the bid-ask spread. Moderation by the independence board positively affects the relationship between CSR disclosure and information asymmetry. Since the sample is derived from large Chinese companies, the results should be supported by samples obtained from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and, subsequently, comparisons with the entire stock market. In future studies, we recommend conducting research using other variables as proxies regarding information asymmetry. The current study extends existing research on CSR and IA by adding both board characteristics and ownership concentration variables as moderating variables.

This study investigated the impact of Working Capital Management (WCM) and Credit Management Policy (CMP) on the Financial Performance (FP) of Jordanian banks (JB). The study data were obtained from 16 Jordanian banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) between 2017 and 2020. The study used panel data to investigate the relationship between the two independent variables, WCM and CMP, and the dependent variable FP; 64 financial reports to Jordanian banks were analyzed to measure this relationship. To test hypotheses, multiple regression was used. The study found a statistically significant relationship between WCM and FP, and the independent variable was able to explain 34.1% of the changes that occur in the dependent variable. In addition, the outcome approved that there is a statistically significant relationship between CMP and FP. Furthermore, CMP explained about 41.8% of changes in the dependent variable. The findings of this study indicate support for the banks’ performance; a bank may need to lengthen client credit terms, prolong the cash transfer cycle, and require a more extended payment period when judging on WCM. Acknowledgment The publication of this research has been supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies at Philadelphia University – Jordan.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of applying the target cost approach on product structure in industrial public shareholding companies in Jordan.   Theoretical framework: The purpose of  applying  target cost approach on products' structure (products pricing, development and quality) and it is  ability  to  reduce  costs  and  improvements  that  can  be  obtained  in  the  process  of applying  target cost approach. Numerous research  related  to  applying  target cost approach  have  been  conducted,  with  the  majority  focusing  on large  companies. However, Jordanian industrial companies have limitations compared to large companies. Repairability is considered for cost optimization.   Design/methodology/approach: The study uses the analytical approach through the study tool (Questionnaire). The study population consisted of Jordanian industrial companies, which reached (56) companies in 2022, according to the monthly statistical periodical of the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). A sample of (42) companies was selected, and the questionnaire was distributed to (The Financial Manager, Production Manager, Sales Manager, and Accountant) for each company. The number of questionnaires approved for statistical analysis was (130), representing (77%) of the distributed questionnaires. This study uses different tests to analyze the data and extract results related to the statistical methods, i.e., the descriptive statistic, Cronbach's Alpha Equation, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Simple Linear Regression Analysis.   Findings: The study found that there is a strong relationship between the target cost approach and the product structure, with the existence of a statistically-significant effect, whereas the correlation coefficient value reached (0.808); thus, the target cost approach contributes to developing products and improving profitability through focusing on the analysis process of the possibilities of product success, before allocating the productive resources thereof. It has also contributed to reducing the cost during the production stages from its beginning while maintaining the products' quality, and it also leads to increasing sales volume through the pricing mechanism based on the target cost. Through the answers of the study sample individuals, it is pointed out that the arithmetic mean of the target cost approach is high, as it reached (3.77) and the standard deviation is (0.57), as well as the arithmetic means of the products' structure is high, as the pricing element came in the first class, with arithmetic means of (3.86) and standard deviation of (0.51), then the development element came in the second class, with arithmetic means of (3.78) and standard deviation of (0.58), whereas the quality element came in the third-class, with arithmetic means of (3.75) and standard deviation of (0.53). The results of the regression analysis also indicate that there is a statistically significant effect of the target cost approach on the quality of products, with (R²) (46.3%) which represents the proportion of explanation in the variance of the dependent variable. The findings of the study highlighted that there is a statistically-significant effect of the target cost approach in product development with (R²) with (37.5%) which indicates that the target cost explains (37.5%) of the difference in the product development. The results also indicate that there is a statistically significant effect of the target cost approach in product pricing with R) value indicating a high-strength correlation between the target cost approach and product pricing, which is (0.812).   Research Practical implications: It is necessary to pay attention to qualifying workers by developing programs that deal profoundly with the approachs and modern systems of costs, such as the target cost system and the value chain as these approachs and accounting systems will be intensively adopted in the future for their outstanding role in developing product performance, Pricing and improving its quality.   Originality/value: The study recommended that it is necessary to develop successful products and price them based on the target cost by balancing the company's ability and customers' needs, as well as using methods that lead to consistency and harmony between products' quality and customers' expectations. The study also recommended focusing on qualifying workers by developing programs that profoundly tackle the approaches and modern systems of costs, such as the target costing system

Jordan has made substantial strides in enhancing its economy by focusing on economic growth stimulants, which include financial development, foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade openness. However, these economic activities often lead to significant environmental risks. Despite their relevance, the existing literature has rarely examined the influence of these dynamics on environmental quality in the Middle East, particularly in Jordan. This study aims to investigate the influence of financial development, FDI, and trade openness on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Jordan. To achieve this, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger causality approach, utilizing data sourced from the World Bank for the period from 1990 to 2022. The findings indicate that financial development, FDI, and trade openness positively impact CO2 emissions, thereby increasing environmental risks in both the short and long term. Additionally, there exists a bidirectional causal relationship between financial development and both FDI and trade openness, as well as between FDI and trade openness. It is imperative for Jordan to design strategies that balance economic growth with sustainable environmental practices.

Improving environmental sustainability is a crucial priority for economies to further global progress. The United Nations General Assembly has proposed enhancing environmental sustainability by adopting the SDG-7 recommendations. This study investigates the effect of green finance, fintech and digital economy on environmental sustainability utilizing panel data between 2013 and 2023 in Middle Eastern countries: Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates and Qatar. For the analysis, panel unit root test, panel cointegration test and Pairwise Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel Causality tests were done. Our empirical results show that cointegration is among the variables that were analyzed. Green finance, digital economy, and FinTech are closely interrelated. The outcomes may provide helpful knowledge regarding the development of environmental sustainability. Policymakers are recommended to formulate feasible and energy system-compatible policies to provide green funding to the energy systems of Middle Eastern countries with maximum convenience.