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"Alon, Ilan"
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Social franchising
\"At the intersection of social enterprise and micro finance literatures, this book reviews a variety of social franchising formats across a number of developing countries. Social franchising represents a third generation form of franchising development, after trade-name and business-format franchising. Opportunities and threats for social franchising forms are examined, including specifically social franchising, micro franchising. Detailed cases of Access Afya, World Vision and Sari Organic cover healthcare, agriculture and retailing sectors. Social franchising has the potential to change the way we live by scaling the social benefits of enterprises through standardization and replication, and by providing an impetus for economic renewal at the bottom of the pyramid. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Orientations and capabilities of born global firms from emerging markets
by
Alon, Ilan
,
Knight, Gary
,
Falahat, Mohammad
in
Corporate culture
,
Economic development
,
Economic growth
2018
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and networking capabilities of born global firms in an emerging market on marketing strategy and foreign market performance.
Design/methodology/approach
Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data from 1,001 internationalized firms in an emerging market and to test seven hypotheses regarding the development of marketing strategy and foreign market performance.
Findings
Marketing strategy was found to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and networking capability and foreign market performance, while foreign market performance is affected by entrepreneurial orientation and marketing strategy.
Research limitations/implications
Research on emerging market multinationals can be merged with that of born globals to augment our understanding of how early internationalizers from emerging markets perform in foreign markets.
Originality/value
This study is among the few focusing on born globals in emerging markets, which face the difficulties of newness and limited resources, as well as characteristics of emerging markets, such as institutional voids.
Journal Article
Policy, institutional fragility, and Chinese outward foreign direct investment: An empirical examination of the Belt and Road Initiative
by
Alon, Ilan
,
Bailey, Nicholas
,
Sutherland, Dylan
in
Accountability
,
Business and Management
,
Business Strategy/Leadership
2020
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an important policy agenda undertaken by the Chinese government. We explore how the BRI – as well as an associated policy, the creation of Chinese overseas special economic zones – influences Chinese outward foreign direct investment (FDI). We find that host-country institutional fragility positively influences Chinese FDI volumes, and that the impact of institutional fragility on Chinese inward FDI to the host is amplified in the presence of the BRI. Specifically, BRI policy facilitates FDI to countries with
weaker
rule of law and
less
government accountability. We argue that, while the BRI may actively facilitate economic growth (i.e., via infrastructure development), and in turn aspects of human development, particularly in less-developed economies, its likely impacts on political rights may not be so promising.
Journal Article
Landauer-Based Economic Temperature in Blockspace Markets: Evidence from Bitcoin and Ethereum
2026
The Landauer principle motivates the definition of economic temperature as the monetary price of processing a bit irreversibly. No empirical test of this definition exists in transparent fee markets. This paper fills that gap using daily Bitcoin and Ethereum data, constructing canonical thermodynamic state variables and evaluating five diagnostic layers: state variable behavior, Maxwell-type integrability, Carnot-style efficiency bounds, nonlinear regime separation, and structural break sensitivity to protocol events. Bitcoin’s log-temperature behaves as a persistent mean-reverting process with an AR(1) coefficient of 0.97 and a half-life of 21 days; Ethereum is highly persistent, with weaker formal evidence of stationarity than Bitcoin. Maxwell integrability is frequency-dependent: Bitcoin passes all four relations at monthly frequency, whereas Ethereum passes two of four. Carnot-style evidence is the strongest: realized fee extraction efficiency stays well below the implied bound, with daily compliance exceeding 97% on both chains. Structural breaks around Bitcoin ordinals, EIP-1559, the merge, and Shanghai confirm that protocol changes reorganize the temperature relation. The thermodynamic framework provides structure that standard fee market analysis does not, including a first principles efficiency bound and a state space coherence test. The findings provide partial, frequency-dependent, and chain-specific empirical support for a Landauer-based thermodynamic description of blockspace markets.
Journal Article
China’s intellectual property rights provocation: A political economy view
2020
It is well recognized that intellectual property rights (IPR) violations are at the heart of the economic conflict with China. Little agreement, however, exists about the origin and solutions for this provocation. Broadly speaking, two prescriptions have been proposed: the natural evolutionary and the rule of law views. While both have merits and add to our understanding, they do not go far enough to address the more fundamental IPR policy issue: China has benefited from a rule
of
law overseas and a rule
through
law at home, manufacturing unfair advantage to its firms, many of which are owned and/or influenced by the government. While recognizing China’s recent effort in improving IPR protection, we point out the intrinsic contradiction in the political economy of China between maintaining the one-party rule, on the one hand, and protecting IPR by an independent court, on the other. Understanding this tension in the application of IPR law can help the international community search for more effective policy options.
Journal Article
Push and pull factors in international franchising
2017
Purpose
Using munificence, real options and ambidexterity theories, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the differential between home and host market environmental conditions affects US international franchising expansion.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used firm-level panel data for 151 US-based franchising firms, from Bond’s Guide for Franchise Opportunities, for the years 1994-2008 plus macroeconomic data on the environment, to explain the probability of franchising.
Findings
The paper finds that the differential in economic growth and economic uncertainty impacts franchisors’ desire to expand abroad on a continual basis.
Research limitations/implications
Researchers in international franchising should not only focus on host market environmental variables (pull factors), but also on conditions in the home market (push factors).
Originality/value
The paper adds to environmental explanations of international franchising by focusing on the differential in munificence and uncertainty between home and host countries.
Journal Article
Language and communication in international students’ adaptation: a bibliometric and content analysis review
2023
This article systematically reviews the literature (313 articles) on language and communication in international students’ cross-cultural adaptation in institutions of higher education for 1994–2021. We used bibliometric analysis to identify the most impactful journals and articles, and the intellectual structure of the field. We used content analysis to synthesize the results within each research stream and suggest future research directions. We established two major research streams: second-language proficiency and interactions in the host country. We found inconclusive results about the role of communication with co-nationals in students’ adaptation, which contradicts the major adaptation theories. New contextualized research and the use of other theories could help explain the contradictory results and develop the existing theories. Our review suggests the need to theoretically refine the interrelationships between the interactional variables and different adaptation domains. Moreover, to create a better fit between the empirical data and the adaptation models, research should test the mediating effects of second-language proficiency and the willingness to communicate with locals. Finally, research should focus on students in non-Anglophone countries and explore the effects of remote communication in online learning on students’ adaptation. We document the intellectual structure of the research on the role of language and communication in international students’ adaptation and suggest a future research agenda.
Journal Article
Predicting leadership emergence in global virtual teams
by
Alon, Ilan
,
Richter, Nicole Franziska
,
Taras, Vasyl
in
Business Economy / Management
,
Collaboration
,
Cooperation
2023
Objective: This study examines the individual factors that predict whether individuals will emerge as leaders in global virtual teams, which often lack a more formal leadership structure.
Research Design Methods: We focus on emotional intelligence (EQ) and cultural intelligence (CQ) as two contemporary concepts that are of key relevance to leadership success. Building on socioanalytic theory, we hypothesize that individuals with higher levels of EQ and CQ have a higher probability of emerging as team leaders. We test the hypotheses on a sample of 415 teams comprised of 1 102 individuals who participated in a virtual international collaboration project. Using structural equation modeling, the results reveal that indi- viduals with higher CQ were more likely to emerge as leaders.
Findings: Our findings did not support the relevance of EQ. In addition, individual factors such as English pro- ficiency, a higher age, and a lower power distance were also associated with leadership emergence. Implications Recommendations: The study identified the gap in the literature regarding EQ and CQ in the context of leadership emergence. The results demonstrate that individuals with high CQ and high EQ that may have beneficial effects on the team and its outcomes do not automatically emerge as team lead- ers. We recommend that managers carefully consider which projects and tasks they will leave the leader- ship structure to emerge more informally.
Contribution Value Added: The key contribution and value added of this study is the investigation of the role of CQ and EQ with leadership emergence in global virtual teams (GVT), through the creation of a leadership emergence model building on socio-analytic theory.
Journal Article