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Self-reported physical activity questionnaires (e.g., International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) are a cost-effective, time-saving, and accessible method to assess sedentary behaviour and physical activity. There are conflicting findings regarding the validity of self-reported questionnaires in comparison to accelerometer-measured data in a free-living environment. This study aimed to investigate the concurrent validity between self-reported Arabic–English IPAQ short form (IPAQ-SF) and Fibion (Fibion Inc., Jyväskylä, Finland) accelerometer-measured sedentary and physical activity time among young adults. One hundred and one young healthy adults (mean age 20.8 ± 2.4 years) filled in the IPAQ short form (IPAQ-SF) and wore the Fibion device on the anterior thigh for ≥ 600 min per day for 4–7 days. Concurrent validity between the IPAQ-SF and Fibion accelerometer for sitting, walking, moderate activity, and vigorous activity time was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient ( ρ ) and Bland–Altman plots. Significant weak associations between IPAQ-SF and Fibion measurements were found for total activity time ( ρ = 0.4; P  < 0.001) and for the duration of walking ( ρ = 0.3; P  = 0.01), moderate ( ρ = 0.2; P  = 0.02), and vigorous-intensity activities ( ρ = 0.4; P  < 0.001). However, ρ was not significant ( ρ = − 0.2; P  = 0.09) for sitting time. In addition, all the plots of the measured variables showed a proportional bias. A low association and agreement were found between self-reported IPAQ-SF scores and Fibion accelerometer measurements among young adults in the UAE. Adult sedentary and physical activity measurements should be obtained objectively with accelerometers rather than being limited to self-reported measures.

This study assessed the relationship between head posture displacements and biomechanical parameters during gait and jumping. One hundred male and female students (20 ± 3 yrs) were assessed via the PostureScreen Mobile® app to quantify postural displacements of head rotations and translations including: (1) the cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) (°), (2) anterior head translation (AHT) (cm), (3) lateral head translation in the coronal plane (cm), and (4) lateral head side bending (°). Biomechanical parameters during gait and jumping were measured using the G-Walk sensor. The assessed gait spatiotemporal parameters were cadence (steps/min), speed (m/s), symmetry index, % left and right stride length (% height), and right and left propulsion index. The pelvic movement parameters were (1) tilt symmetry index, (2) tilt left and right range, (3) obliquity symmetry index, (4) obliquity left and right range, (5) rotation symmetry index, and (6) rotation left and right range. The jump parameters measured were (1) flight height (cm), (2) take off force (kN), (3) impact Force (kN), (4) take off speed (m/s), (5) peak speed (m/s), (6) average speed concentric phase (m/s), (7) maximum concentric power (kW), (8) average concentric power (kW) during the counter movement jump (CMJ), and (9) CMJ with arms thrust (CMJAT). At a significance level of p ≤ 0.001, moderate-to-high correlations (0.4 < r < 0.8) were found between CVA, AHT, lateral translation head, and all the gait and jump parameters. Weak correlations (0.2 < r < 0.4) were ascertained for lateral head bending and all the gait and jump parameters except for gait symmetry index and pelvic symmetry index, where moderate correlations were identified (0.4 < r < 0.6). The findings indicate moderate-to-high correlations between specific head posture displacements, such as CVA, lateral head translation and AHT with the various gait and jump parameters. These findings highlight the importance of considering head posture in the assessment and optimization of movement patterns during gait and jumping. Our findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge and may have implications for clinical practice and sports performance training. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish causality in these relationships, which could potentially lead to the development of targeted interventions for improving movement patterns and preventing injuries.

Physical activity guidelines targeting different populations with and without chronic diseases or disabilities are required to meet the diverse functional and physiological needs experienced by different subgroups of people to achieve optimal health benefits. As the importance of physical activity guidelines in promoting optimal health and well-being becomes increasingly recognised, there is a critical need for their systematic evaluation to ensure they remain effective, applicable and aligned with evolving health needs and scientific insights. This study aims to systematically review, critically evaluate, and compare global physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines on frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise for adults, pregnant and postpartum women, and people living with chronic conditions and/or disabilities. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist. We will search the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, APA PsycInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Education Resources Information Center, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and grey literature databases from 2010 to October 2024. Two reviewers will independently select guidelines, extract data and assess methodological quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II Instrument . Key recommendations will be summarised and classified as ‘strong’ and ‘conditional’ based on established criteria. A comprehensive evaluation of current guidelines will identify their differences and similarities and reveal their relevance in practical settings. The findings will guide healthcare professionals, researchers and policymakers in implementing evidence-based recommendations for managing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in targeted populations. Additionally, we will highlight current knowledge gaps and potential shortcomings in existing guidelines. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023491339.

Background: Although the inverted technique was shown to be more effective compared to other orthotic designs for the treatment of flatfeet, the biomechanical mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of the inverted angle orthoses is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of different inverted angles of foot orthoses on walking kinematics in females with flexible flatfeet. Methods: Thirty-one female adults with flexible flatfeet aged 18-35 years old participated in this study. Kinematic data of the hip, knee, and ankle were collected via BTS motion-capture system during walking under three test conditions in random order: with shoes only; with 15[degrees] inverted orthoses; and with 25[degrees] inverted orthoses. Results: Compared to the shoes only condition, both the 15[degrees] and 25[degrees] inverted orthotic conditions significantly decreased the maximum ankle plantarflexion angle during loading response, maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle during mid-stance, maximum ankle external rotation angle, and maximum ankle internal rotation angle. The maximum ankle plantarflexion angle at toe-off showed a significant decrease with the 25[degrees] inverted angle orthosis compared to both the 15[degrees] inverted angle and shoes only conditions. No significant differences were found in the knee kinematic variables, maximum hip extension angle, and maximum hip adduction angle between test conditions. Conclusion: Using inverted orthoses at 15[degrees] and 25[degrees] inverted angles resulted in significant changes in ankle joint kinematics during walking in female adults with flexible flatfeet. A 25[degrees] inverted angle orthosis significantly decreased ankle plantarflexion during push-off, potentially impacting gait mechanics. This suggests that a smaller inverted angle may be more effective for managing flexible flatfeet in female adults. Keywords: flatfoot, foot orthoses, gait analysis, walking

According to a 2006 publication by rights group, B'Tselem, \"Israel's arbitrary and disproportionate policy not only infringes the right to family visits, it also results in violation of other rights and principles of international humanitarian and human rights law, as well as domestic Israeli law.\" Addameer, a human rights organisation focused on the issue of Palestinian prisoners, states that Israel \"practices collective punishment against the Palestinian families who visit their sons and daughters in Israeli jails\", especially through the transferal of prisoners from the occupied territories, to jails inside Israel.

On October 11, a deal was brokered exchanging 1,027 Palestinian prisoners held by Israel for Gilad Shalit, an Israeli soldier captured in 2006 by Hamas. In an exclusive interview with Al Jazeera, the two men talk about their treatment in Israeli prisons, and what it feels like to finally be free.