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Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) is a potential psychiatric manifestation of PD that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The treatment of PD with concomitant PDP is challenging as standard-of-care medication to improve motor symptoms can cause or exacerbate PDP. In this case report, we present an atypical presentation of a 70-year-old female who developed PDP only four years after her initial PD diagnosis, much earlier than the established average. Treatment was particularly complex as her PDP symptoms were refractory to PD medication reduction and oral antipsychotics, yet her PD motor symptoms were well controlled with a deep brain stimulator (DBS). We discuss a combination of pimavanserin and maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a safe and efficacious treatment modality which has led to remission of her PDP while DBS continues to provide adequate management of her PD symptoms. This case improves upon the early recognition of PDP and outlines a unique treatment modality not well described in the literature. This is the only case that demonstrates the efficacy of combining pimavanserin and ECT for refractory PDP in a patient with a DBS.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 11% aqueous propolis extract in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis in necrotic pulp canals of primary anterior teeth compared to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods: E. faecalis were isolated from necrotic primary anterior teeth with periapical lesions, cultured, and incubated using paper points. The research sample comprised 30 extracted single‐rooted necrotic primary anterior teeth, divided equally into two groups according to the irrigants used. Access cavities were prepared, and working lengths were determined. Afterward, canals were shaped using K‐files, contaminated with E. faecalis , and placed in an incubator for a week. Initial microbial swabs were taken, and then each canal was irrigated with either 3 mL of a hand‐made 11% aqueous propolis extract or 3 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min. Postirrigation microbial swabs were taken, cultured on blood agar plates, and incubated at 37°C for 48 h, followed by colony counts. Statistical tests included the paired sample T ‐test, Wilcoxon signed ranks, and Mann–Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: In total, 11% aqueous propolis extract contributed to a 61.8% reduction in E. faecalis ( p < 0.001), while 2.5% sodium hypochlorite contributed to an 84.1% reduction ( p < 0.001). The average change in logarithmic values in the sodium hypochlorite group was more significant than in the propolis group ( p = 0.002). Conclusion: In total, 11% aqueous propolis extract is antimicrobial against E. faecalis . However, its efficacy was less than 2.5% sodium hypochlorite.

This study investigated the prevalence of obesity among university students in Saudi Arabia's western region, as well as its association with gender, smoking, consumption of sugary drinks, and hours of sleep. A cross-sectional study recruited a simple random sample of students from King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Saudi Arabia's western region. In this study, the Arab Teens Lifestyle (ATLS) questionnaire was used. The survey was conducted between April and June 2022. In total, 659 students participated (313 males [37.3%] and 437 females [66.2%]). One-fourth of the students, 158 (24%), were overweight, and 83 (12.7%) were obese. Male participants were overweight or obese by a rate of 32.6% and 19.4%, respectively. Female overweight and obese rates were 16.2% and 6.6%, respectively. Moreover, obesity/overweight rates were 43.6% in the urban area and 36.9% in the rural area (P=0.03). A total of 370 participants (56.14%) slept less than 8 hours per day, 185 (28.1%) spent more than five hours per day watching television or using the internet, and 303 (46%) ate breakfast on a regular basis. Obesity/overweight was more common in smokers than in nonsmokers (59.7% vs 32.8%, P=0.01). The prevalence of obesity was lower among those who walked three days or more per week (28.1% vs 44.1%; P=0.01) and ran/jogged outside or on a treadmill three days or more per week (29.5% vs 39.8%; P=0.03) than among those who ran/jogged less than three days per week. Student obesity was independently predicted by being male (P=0.01), drinking more sugary drinks (P=0.01), smoking (P=0.03), and sleeping for fewer hours (P=0.03). Obesity was more prevalent in male students, with a prevalence of 24%. Male gender, consumption of more sugary beverages, smoking, and sleeping for fewer hours were all independent predictors of obesity among university students.