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The event industry is currently considered one of the key marketing strategies for tourist destinations, drawing tourists and fans alike. This study explores factors influencing attendance at festivals and cultural events in Katara Cultural Village, focusing on event reputation, electronic word of mouth (eWOM), enjoyment, socializing and cultural exploration. Few studies have examined reputation as a motivation, particularly in the event context. Researchers developed a theoretical model to understand these effects on behavioral intentions. Data was collected via an online survey distributed to Katara events and festivals Facebook followers and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) technique. Findings reveal that event innovation reputation, event performance reputation, enjoyment, eWOM and cultural exploration positively impact intentions to attend Katara Cultural Village events. This research contributes to event literature by highlighting reputation as a significant motivator. Implications and study limitations were discussed.

We reviewed data from Saudi Arabia on epithelial cell abnormalities (ECA) detected by Pap smear after noticing a slight increase in the incidence of cervical glandular abnormalities in our regional laboratory in recent years. Clarify data on adenocarcinoma (ADCA) on Pap smears in Saudi Arabia. Descriptive, retrospective study. Regional laboratory, Riyadh. We reviewed all Pap smears of adult females between 2006 and 2016 and compared our data with previously published results from Saudi Arabia. Descriptive data on ECAs. Among 19759 cases, atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US) was the most prevalent ECA (1.16%). ADCA occurred more than squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In a comparison of published data before 2014 and after 2014 (including ours), there was a significant rise in ADCA (28 vs 48 cases; P=.004) with a significant drop in SCC, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) (P < .0001, .004, and < .0001, respectively). We recommend that pathologists and cytotechnologists be vigilant in screening Pap smears in our population, particularly for glandular abnormalities. We also recommend use of Pap smears in the initial workup of women with suspected gynecological abnormalities, regardless of evolutions in HPV testing. The pooling of data instead of analyzing by study year.

Health Information Systems (HIS) have become vital components in modernizing primary health care (PHC), aiming to enhance efficiency, accessibility, and quality of care. This systematic review examines the impact of HIS on PHC delivery, with a particular focus on the roles of nursing and family medicine professionals in health management. The review highlights the benefits of HIS, including improved care coordination, accurate documentation, reduced medical errors, and data-driven decision-making. Nurses and family medicine physicians are integral to HIS implementation and utilization, contributing to patient-centered care, chronic disease management, and preventive health strategies. Despite these advantages, challenges such as system interoperability issues, inadequate training, and resistance to adoption often hinder effective integration. The findings underscore the transformative potential of HIS in PHC settings while identifying barriers that must be addressed to optimize outcomes. This review emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, continuous training, and future research to evaluate the long-term effects of HIS on health outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and provider workflows. By addressing these gaps, HIS can play a critical role in advancing global health care delivery and management.

The decision to allow Saudi women to drive for the first time in 2018 touched various aspects of their lives. This paper aimed to assess the impact of Saudi women's ability to drive on their family and entertainment roles according to geographical region. The study was applied to (586) Saudi women who fulfil family roles and have driven a car for more than a year. The paper depended on the Family Role Performance Scale (FRPS), developed by Chen et al (2014), and on the women's entertainment roles list. The results showed that women driving have had multiple effects- fulfilling expectations completely- on their family roles with a mean of (4.32). The family tasks most affected were, respectively; doing tasks around the house, completing household responsibilities, doing household chores, and maintaining things around the home. The family relationships most affected were; providing general support to family members, keeping family members connected with each other, providing emotional support to family members, and giving advice to family members. The results also showed that women driving have had multiple effects- fulfilling expectations completely- on their entertainment roles with a mean of (3.32). The entertainment roles most affected were; accompanying family members on family visits, taking family members to the mall or amusement parks, and travelling to other cities and tourist attractions. The results also showed there were no differences in the effects of women driving on their family roles, while there were differences to their entertainment roles, according to geographical region. This may be due to the fact that 90% of the driving licenses obtained by Saudi women were from three regions, Riyadh, Mecca and the Eastern Province which are urban regions classified as the most important regions for leisure and tourism.

Nanotechnology offers a promising approach to address breast cancer and bacterial resistance, two critical global health challenges. This study synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using extracts from ( ( . and ( to evaluate their potential as novel therapeutic agents. AgNP synthesis was achieved via co-precipitation, and their characterization was performed using various techniques. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay against multiple breast cancer cell lines (KAIMRC2, MDA-MB231, MCF-7) and a non-malignant control (MCF-10A). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using a well diffusion assay against and . LC-MS identified several bioactive metabolites, which were further analyzed in silico computational analysis to predict their anti-cancer and antibacterial properties. The resulting AgNPs demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells, and potent antibacterial activity. Specifically, .-AgNPs showed strongest activity against MDA-MB-231, .-AgNPs against MCF-7, and .-AgNPs against KAIMRC-2. Promising lead metabolites, including 1-Acetylaspidospermidine, Apigenin-7-o-glucoside, and Chlorogenic acid, were identified, suggesting potential for development as novel oral anti-cancer and antibacterial agents. Further research focusing on the optimization and preclinical development of these identified metabolites is warranted to explore their translational potential as oral anti-cancer and antibacterial agents.

Photochromic inks have showed many drawbacks such as low efficiency, high price and low durability. Self-healable inks have proved to be highly photostable and durable. Ultraviolet-stimulated photochromic hydrogels with self-healing characteristics were produced and used to create an authentication stamp. An organic–inorganic hybrid hydrogel ink was developed by the synthesis of nanoparticles of lanthanide-doped aluminate (NLdA), and the dispersion of those nanoparticles in a mixture of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and sodium alginate (SA). Transmission electron microscopy analysis of NLdA revealed sizes of 8–12 nm, whereas the diameters of cellulose nanofibers ranged from 33 to 63 nm. The mechanical strength of the sodium alginate bulk was enhanced by synthesizing CNF and using it as nanofiller and reinforcement agent in the CNF/SA hybrid hydrogel. Transparent prints need NLdA to be dispersed evenly throughout the cellulose nanofibers/sodium alginate hydrogel without aggregation. The thermofixation process efficiently imprinted the photochromic ink into the paper surface. By directly stamping a homogeneous photochromic film onto paper surface, we were able to achieve transparency. Both photoluminescent spectral and CIE (Commission internationale de l’éclairage) Lab measurements confirmed that the colorless film turns green when illuminated with UV. Upon excitation at 370 nm, the emission wavelength of the glowing paper sheets was monitored at 518 nm. The morphology of the stamped sheets was analyzed using scanning electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence, energy-dispersive X-ray. The hydrogel ink prints showed highly reversible fluorescent-based photochromism. The mechanical properties of prints were tested, and the rheology of the glowing hydrogel was also studied. The currently available NLdA@CNF/SA hydrogel ink provides a reliable anticounterfeiting technology applicable to many types of products.

IntroductionHerpes zoster (HZ) is a viral infection that occurs due to the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Reactivation of the latent virus causes a painful dermatomal rash that is typical in HZ, which is frequently accompanied by post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Although HZ negatively impacts individuals’ quality of life, vaccination has been shown to reduce the incidence of HZ and PHN and reduce the severity of the disease in the event of a breakthrough. Nonetheless, several studies have shown a low level of knowledge and poor practices regarding HZ and its vaccine. However, only two studies on this issue have been conducted in the Middle East. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward HZ vaccinations among the Saudi population aged 50 years and older.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 involving citizens aged 50 years and older in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an online, validated, close-ended structured questionnaire distributed through social media. Linear regression analysis was used to assess independent predictors of knowledge regarding HZ, knowledge regarding the HZ vaccine, and attitudes toward HZ. Categorical variables were dummy-coded. Binary logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with the willingness to receive the HZ vaccine.ResultsA total of 368 respondents completed the questionnaire. The mean knowledge scores (%) regarding HZ and its vaccine were 28.6% and 37.1%, respectively. While 51.6% (n = 190) claimed to be aware of the HZ vaccine, only 31.6% (n = 60) had a knowledge score of 80% or higher. Multivariate analysis showed that knowledge was positively associated with female gender, prior chickenpox infection, and higher education. Only 54.4% of the respondents were willing to get the HZ vaccine, and 28.8% were willing to pay out of pocket for the HZ vaccine.ConclusionThe results suggest that educational campaigns on HZ and its vaccine targeting at-risk groups are required to raise awareness and increase the public’s knowledge. Additionally, healthcare personnel's recommendation of the HZ vaccine to the target population should be encouraged, as it is an important factor in vaccine acceptability.