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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic imposes an urgent and continued need for the development of safe and cost-effective vaccines to induce preventive responses for limiting major outbreaks around the world. To combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we repurposed the VSV∆51M oncolytic virus platform to express the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen. In this study, we report the development and characterization of the VSV∆51M-RBD vaccine. Our findings demonstrate successful expression of the RBD gene by the VSV∆51M-RBD virus, inducing anti-RBD responses without attenuating the virus. Moreover, the VSV∆51M-RBD vaccine exhibited safety, immunogenicity, and the potential to serve as a safe and effective alternative or complementary platform to current COVID-19 vaccines.

Family medicine in Saudi Arabia has transformed significantly over the past few decades, reflecting broader changes in healthcare policies and societal needs. Initially, the practice of family medicine was largely focused on treating acute health issues, but over time, it has evolved to embrace a more holistic approach that includes preventive care, chronic disease management, and patient education. Key milestones include the establishment of the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties in 1992, which recognized family medicine as a specialty, and the introduction of residency programs that have helped train a new generation of family physicians. The government’s commitment to enhancing healthcare access, exemplified by the Vision 2030 initiative, has further pushed the boundaries of family medicine, integrating technological advancements and a strong emphasis on primary care services.Looking ahead, the future of family medicine in Saudi Arabia appears promising, with numerous opportunities for growth and innovation. As the population continues to grow and diversify, there is a pressing need for family medicine practitioners to focus on culturally competent care that addresses the unique health challenges of various demographics. Future directions may include the incorporation of telemedicine, expanding preventive health programs, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance healthcare delivery. Continuous professional development and research in family medicine will also play a vital role in ensuring that practitioners remain equipped to meet the evolving healthcare demands of Saudi society.

The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of dental caries and associated risk factors among patients examined at College of Dentistry, Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia. The study group consisted of 576 subjects with a mean age of 30.4 9.9 years and 65% males. Carious defects, fillings and missing teeth due to caries were diagnosed and DMFT scores were calculated according to WHO guidelines. Oral hygiene practices and habits were also recorded. Data were collected through a proforma. The prevalence rate of dental caries in the study group was 94%. The mean DMFT was 6.58 3.7 whereby the D (Decayed) component had the highest proportion 4.44 3.1, and M (Missing) component the lowest 0.79 1.6. On average the F (Filled) component was 1.39 1.9. The mean of DMFT component by gender was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) while the difference in the mean of D and F components by age group was statistically insignificant (p less than 0.05). The molars (69%) were the most affected teeth by caries followed by premolars (21.5%) and anterior teeth (9.5%). The results indicated high levels of dental caries as well as dental treatment needs among the study participants.