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Deregulation of the antioxidant enzymes was implicated in pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The data relate the genetic variants of these enzymes to T2DM are inconsistent among various populations. We aimed to explore the association of 13 genetic variants of \"superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)\" with T2DM susceptibility and the available clinical laboratory data. A total of 384 individuals were enrolled in this work. Different genotypes of the genes mentioned above were characterized using TaqMan OpenArray Genotyping assays on a Real-Time polymerase chain reaction system. After age- and sex-adjustment, among the studied 13 variants, rs17856199 was associated with T2DM under homozygote (OR=3.42; 95% CI:1.04-11.2, =0.031), and recessive (OR=3.57; 95% CI: 1.11-11.4, =0.029) comparison models. The rs2297518*A allele was more frequent among the T2DM cohort (58.1% 35.4%, <0.001) and showed a dose-response effect; being heterozygote was associated with higher odds for developing DM (OR=4.06, 95% CI=2.13-7.73, <0.001), whereas being AA homozygote had double the risk (OR=9.06, 95% CI=3.41-24.1, <0.001). Combined rs2297518*A and either rs17856199*A or *C genotype carriers were more likely to develop T2DM. Different associations with sex, BMI, hyperglycemia, and/or hyperlipidemia were evident. The principal component analysis revealed rs2297518*G, old age, dyslipidemia, high systolic blood pressure, and elevated HbA1c were the main classifiers of T2DM patients. The oxidative stress-related molecular markers, rs17856199 and rs2297518 variants were significantly associated with T2DM risk and phenotype in the study population.

For the first time, this study reports extracellular uricase enzyme isolation and characterization from strain UR1 of spp. from Western Saudi Arabia. The strain efficiently produced highly active extracellular uricase for therapeutic applications. It offers a simplified enzyme purification approach rather than complicated intracellular enzyme purification from other microbes. Strain UR1 exhibited significantly higher uricase synthesis potential [916 U/mg (specific activities) and 275 U/ml (volume)]. The study optimized the conditions (37°C and pH 7.4) for 10% enhanced uricase production in the BT medium where sucrose served as the carbon source. Uricase enzyme remained stable at various pH levels (5–9) up to 50°C, however, the optimal activity was noted at 40°C and pH 7.5. The strain was sensitive to EDTA-like inhibitors. Ca improved the strain activity, which could yield potent formulations for clinical and industrial applications. This novel aspect presents spp. strain UR1 as a promising candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. It offers an efficient and inexpensive alternative for uricase synthesis at the industrial scale. These findings encourage further investigations regarding genetic aspects of uricase for improved bioprocessing and therapeutic applications.

Background Family caregivers of psychiatric patients in Saudi Arabia and most of the Eastern world are suffering a big burden as a result of their caregiving role. Aim This study aims to assess the need for psychoeducation for family caregivers of psychiatric patients from outpatient clinics in a psychiatric hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted, which included a total of 379 family caregivers providing care to a patient suffering from a psychiatric illness. Results The majority of family caregivers looking after a patient suffering from a psychiatric illness were a brother or sister (20.8%), followed by a son or daughter (20.6%), and lastly, a spouse (10.3%). The top 10 important educational needs of the caregivers included their desire to know about the daily treatment of the patient, followed by how to improve social relationships, and a need for effective stress management. Family caregivers also showed interest in stress and illness. The caregivers' areas of least concern were about the admission of the patients to psychiatric hospitals, recent research on mental illnesses, and how to deal with weight gain. Conclusion The study showed that caregivers demonstrated a need for more experience in how to care for psychiatric patients. Indeed, this has an interrelated impact on the general well-being of both the patient and the caregiver. The study recommends the need for care guidelines to be provided by hospitals from the patient's education department for caregiving to help the family in their daily care.

Background: Deregulation of the antioxidant enzymes was implicated in pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The data relate the genetic variants of these enzymes to T2DM are inconsistent among various populations. Purpose: We aimed to explore the association of 13 genetic variants of \"superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)\" with T2DM susceptibility and the available clinical laboratory data. Subjects and Methods: A total of 384 individuals were enrolled in this work. Different genotypes of the genes mentioned above were characterized using TaqMan OpenArray Genotyping assays on a Real-Time polymerase chain reaction system. Results: After age- and sex-adjustment, among the studied 13 variants, GSTT1 rs17856199 was associated with T2DM under homozygote (OR=3.42; 95% CI:1.04-11.2, p=0.031), and recessive (OR=3.57; 95% CI: 1.11-11.4, p=0.029) comparison models. The NOS2 rs2297518*A allele was more frequent among the T2DM cohort (58.1% vs 35.4%, p<0.001) and showed a dose-response effect; being heterozygote was associated with higher odds for developing DM (OR=4.06, 95% CI=2.13-7.73, p<0.001), whereas being AA homozygote had double the risk (OR=9.06, 95% CI=3.41-24.1, p<0.001). Combined NOS2 rs2297518*A and either GSTT1 rs17856199*A or *C genotype carriers were more likely to develop T2DM. Different associations with sex, BMI, hyperglycemia, and/or hyperlipidemia were evident. The principal component analysis revealed NOS2 rs2297518*G, old age, dyslipidemia, high systolic blood pressure, and elevated HbA1c were the main classifiers of T2DM patients. Conclusion: The oxidative stress-related molecular markers, GSTT1 rs17856199 and NOS2 rs2297518 variants were significantly associated with T2DM risk and phenotype in the study population. Keywords: single nucleotide polymorphism, GSTT1, NOS2, oxidative stress, T2DM

Background: Deregulation of the antioxidant enzymes was implicated in pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The data relate the genetic variants of these enzymes to T2DM are inconsistent among various populations. Purpose: We aimed to explore the association of 13 genetic variants of \"superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)\" with T2DM susceptibility and the available clinical laboratory data. Subjects and Methods: A total of 384 individuals were enrolled in this work. Different genotypes of the genes mentioned above were characterized using TaqMan OpenArray Genotyping assays on a Real-Time polymerase chain reaction system. Results: After age- and sex-adjustment, among the studied 13 variants, GSTT1 rs17856199 was associated with T2DM under homozygote (OR=3.42; 95% CI:1.04-11.2, p=0.031), and recessive (OR=3.57; 95% CI: 1.11-11.4, p=0.029) comparison models. The NOS2 rs2297518*A allele was more frequent among the T2DM cohort (58.1% vs 35.4%, p<0.001) and showed a dose-response effect; being heterozygote was associated with higher odds for developing DM (OR=4.06, 95% CI=2.13-7.73, p<0.001), whereas being AA homozygote had double the risk (OR=9.06, 95% CI=3.41-24.1, p<0.001). Combined NOS2 rs2297518*A and either GSTT1 rs17856199*A or *C genotype carriers were more likely to develop T2DM. Different associations with sex, BMI, hyperglycemia, and/or hyperlipidemia were evident. The principal component analysis revealed NOS2 rs2297518*G, old age, dyslipidemia, high systolic blood pressure, and elevated HbA1c were the main classifiers of T2DM patients. Conclusion: The oxidative stress-related molecular markers, GSTT1 rs17856199 and NOS2 rs2297518 variants were significantly associated with T2DM risk and phenotype in the study population. Keywords: single nucleotide polymorphism, GSTT1, NOS2, oxidative stress, T2DM

The queuing theory deals with the most undesirable lines on our life Undesirable. We experience the queues in several parts on our life. For instance, we get into line at bank, supermarkets, salons, petrol stations, and public departments, and waste many minuets or can be hours by only waiting to be served. Moreover, there are several invisible queues that we see them only from the software and hardware system such as request by user into web service get into the queue until finish. The goals of this paper to know how implementing of the queuing theory in multiple places could increase the efficiency of the work system that can effect positively the profits by decreasing the waiting time in the queues. Introduction Historically, the queuing theory was raised by Agenr Krarup Erlang when he treated congestion problems in the beginning of 20th century. His work was an inspiration to many engineers to implement the queuing theory to deal with the queuing problems .After that results of the queuing theory have been used in many sides such as operation research, traffic engineering, and computer science. The organization that care of business profits and clients can be provided as queuing theory. The queuing theory is the mathematical study of reducing waiting lines. We can predict the time and the length of queues by using the queuing theory. Hence, using the queuing theory has become fundamental part of many business sectors. Considerable body of entrepreneurs or the responsible of the work system have shown that queuing theory can be useful in real business world by setting the balance between the capacity problems against the productivity and services. Moreover, it manages losing sales, customers, and money due to the waiting time. Reducing the waiting time, and providing appropriate service to clients in short period are important elements that should be considered for any service provider. In many stores and public department, management has tried to minimize the frustration of customers by increasing the speed of the checkout and cashier lines. How to implement the queuing theory? There are two elements to deal with. They are service time and arrivals rate. Each of those elements must be collected and applied to the theory. The theory aims to generate a simple model that helps maximize service time and increase customer satisfaction. This paper will apply the queuing theory to development the system work, the capacity of production, and increasing the profits as an attempt to make it better and better. Thus, we need model to analyze such situations

Introduction The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer among women worldwide and the eighth leading cause of female cancer death in Saudi Arabia, especially in women between the ages of 15 and 44. The HPV vaccine is known to prevent HPV disease and death. Because parents are often the decision-makers regarding receiving HPV vaccination during adolescence, assessing parents' knowledge about HPV and its relationship with their intention to vaccinate their daughters is highly necessary. Materials and methods An exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 773 parents, both mothers and fathers, of female students attending sixth grade from all areas of Jeddah city in Saudi Arabia were recruited. A self-administered validated questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data. Results The current study findings showed that 356 (46.1%) parents had poor knowledge about HPV, 119 (15.4%) had a fair level of knowledge, and 298 (38.5%) had a good level of knowledge. While 344 (44.5%) had intention to vaccinate, 337 (43.6%) were not sure and 92 (11.9%) were not intending to vaccinate. A significant association was identified between knowledge level and respondents' variables such as being the father or mother, nationality, age, educational level, sector of employment, and monthly income. Employment status was significantly associated with the intention to vaccinate against HPV. Conclusion Concerns about the effectiveness and safety of the HPV vaccine as well as lack of knowledge about HPV and the vaccine influenced parents' negative intention to obtain the vaccine. Health promotion initiatives for the HPV vaccine should be culturally responsive and emphasize the risks and benefits of the vaccine for women. Knowledge and attitudes about HPV can be improved through concise, visually designed, and comprehensive educational intervention programs targeting parents and their children at schools. Despite the proven safety and efficacy of HPV vaccines, more comprehensive strategies may be needed in the future to increase coverage rates of HPV vaccination nationwide.

Exploration of and understanding diversity and variability in genotypes of germplasm determines the success of rice improvement programs. One of the most important determinants of the success of breeding programs is genetic diversity and inheritance of traits. Genetic variability analysis helps breeders to determine the appropriate selection method and standards to be used to improve the preferred trait. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic components, heritability and to obtain information about genetic diversity using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Twenty rice genotypes with three replicates in a randomized complete block design were analyzed at the Experimental Farm at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the period from 2017 to 2020. The results of the analysis of variance showed that highly significant variations were recorded between the studied genotypes for all traits. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV%) and phenotypic (PCV%) coefficient of variation were moderate for plant height, panicles/plant, panicle weight, spikelets/panicle, filled grains/panicle, grain yield/plant and amylose content percentage for the first-year, second-year and combined data. This indicates the existence of beneficial genetic variability that can be exploited to improve these traits. The broad-sense estimates of heritability were high and recorded values higher than 60% for all the studied traits for the two-year and combined data, except for hulling percentage. This indicates that the selection of traits that have high heritability and are less affected by the environment leads to an acceleration of the improvement of these traits. The results from the cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed a high level of genotypic variation among the studied genotypes and genetic diversity between them. One of the most important outcomes of this study is the successful utilization of genetic resources (germplasm) from ancient varieties and lines of rice in selecting and identifying 17 new restoration lines of rice, which have various improvement purposes in rice and hybrid rice breeding programs.

Essential oils are natural plant products that are very interesting, as they are important sources of biologically active compounds. They comprise eco-friendly alternatives to mosquito vector management, particularly essential oil nanoemulsion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 16 selected essential oils (1500 ppm) in controlling mosquitoes by investigating their larvicidal effects against the larvae and adults of the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae); the best oils were turned into nanoemulsions and evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. The results show that honeysuckle (Lonicera caprifolium) and patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oils were more effective in killing larvae than the other oils (100% mortality) at 24 h post-treatment. The nanoemulsions of honeysuckle (LC50 = 88.30 ppm) and patchouli (LC50 = 93.05 ppm) showed significantly higher larvicidal activity compared with bulk honeysuckle (LC50 = 247.72 ppm) and patchouli (LC50 = 276.29 ppm) oils. L. caprifolium and P. cablin (100% mortality), followed by Narcissus tazetta (97.78%), Rosmarinus officinalis (95.56%), and Lavandula angustifolia (95.55%), were highly effective oils in killing female mosquitoes, and their relative efficacy at LT50 was 5.5, 5.3, 5.8, 4.1, and 3.2 times greater, respectively, than Aloe vera. The results of the field study show that the honeysuckle and patchouli oils and their nanoemulsions reduced densities to 89.4, 86.5, 98.6, and 97.0% at 24 h post-treatment, respectively, with persistence for eight days post-treatment in pools. Nano-honeysuckle (100% mortality) was more effective than honeysuckle oils (98.0%). Our results show that honeysuckle and patchouli oils exhibited promising larvicidal and adulticidal activity of C. pipiens.