Explore the vast range of titles available.

In this study, we investigate the coupled nonlinear integrable system known as the Akbota–Gudekli–Kairat–Zhaidary (AGKZ) equation. By employing a generalized extended simple equation method, we examine soliton and various solitary wave solutions with diverse physical structures. The nonlinear complex AGKZ equation is a newly introduced integrable model arising in the study of space curves and surfaces; therefore, its analytical exploration is essential for understanding its physical applications. The investigated solutions display distinct physical structures, including bright solitons, kink wave structures, dark solitons, peakon-type bright and dark waves, anti-kink wave structures, periodic waves with varying profiles, solitary waves through contour plots, two-dimensional plots, and three-dimensional visualizations using Mathematica tool. The novelty of this work lies in establishing enriched and distinct soliton solutions to the AGKZ equation and performing a comparative analysis of the proposed method, which has not been previously addressed in the literature. The derived solutions of the AGKZ equation may be applied to model ultrashort pulse propagation in nonlinear optical fibers, photonic crystals, waveguides, and solitary waves in shallow water. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is practical, straightforward, and effective for generating a wide variety of soliton solutions applicable to other nonlinear equations.

The Caputo fractional-order differential operator is used in epidemiological models, but its accuracy benefits are typically ignored. We validated the suggested fractional epidemiological seasonal influenza model of the SVEIHR type to demonstrate the Caputo operator’s relevance. We analysed the model using fractional calculus, revealing its basic properties and enhancing our understanding of disease progression. Furthermore, the positivity, bounds, and symmetry of the numerical scheme were examined. Adjusting the Caputo fractional-order parameter α = 0.99 provided the best fit for epidemiological data on infection rates. We compared the suggested model with the Caputo fractional-order system and the integer-order equivalent model. The fractional-order model had lower absolute mean errors, suggesting that it could better represent sickness transmission and development. The results underline the relevance of using the Caputo fractional-order operator to improve epidemiological models’ precision and forecasting. Integrating fractional calculus within the framework of symmetry helps us build more reliable models that improve public health interventions and policies.

Transport of pollutants is a serious environmental concern, where accurate and effective mathematical models are essential for developing viable mitigation programs. In this work, this study proposes new formulation of advection dispersion equations of fractional order and employ them to model the highly complex advection dispersion phenomena. The derivative using the Modified Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (MABC) fractional derivative is an advanced extension of the classical Atangana Baleanu derivative and provides greater flexibility in describing memory and nonlocal effects. To solve the resulting problem numerically, we utilize the framework of physics informed neural networks (PINNs), in which the governing physical laws serve as the building blocks of a deep learning model. This approach enables the derivation of highly accurate and fast convergent semi-analytical solutions. The main contributions of this work are threefold: (1) the development of specific PINNs algorithm to solve fractional differential equations in the MABC sense; (2) an extensive performance analysis demonstrating higher precision and computational efficiency compared to conventional numerical and perturbative methods; and (3) validation through a variety of case studies, confirming the robustness and applicability of the proposed approach in different contexts. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach, and the results are compared with existing methods to justify both the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed scheme.

The emergency room is the most likely location where victims of violent crime would be encountered by the healthcare system, as the emergency staff is the first to evaluate the victim or culprit, exposing them to a range of forensic evidence. Forensic evidence can help exclude, identify, and prosecute a suspect and is classified as informational or physical evidence. Emergency staff must be proficient and knowledgeable in gathering, preserving, and documenting forensic evidence in their practice. To our knowledge, this is the first study that assesses the emergency staff's level of practice in managing forensic evidence. The aims of this study are to assess the level of practice of emergency staff in managing forensic evidence and observe an association between emergency experience and the level of practice in managing forensic evidence, study a connection between forensic education/training and the level of practice in the management of forensic evidence. This observational cross-sectional analytical study in Saudi Arabia was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022. Participants completed a self-administered online survey. Measuring the level of practice was implemented through a researcher-designed questionnaire based on a paper that provided guidelines for forensic evidence collection in the emergency department. Most emergency healthcare workers had a good level of practice in managing forensic evidence (64.7%). Those with excellent practice scored the lowest in documentation, whereas participants in the poor practice category scored the lowest in the trace evidence and clothes domains. Emergency workers who encountered less number of forensic cases per month, i.e. less than two or three to five cases, were found to be more likely to have poor management of forensic evidence. Emergency personnel with no prior education or training are more likely to engage in poor practice in forensic evidence collection. Furthermore, those who had acquired forensic education/training had higher percentages of excellent forensic practice (56.52%) compared to poor practice (7.14%). Those who claimed that their institution had issued guidelines were more likely to have excellent practice (75.36%), whilst those who did not receive guidelines were more likely to have poor forensic evidence management (85.71%). More research is required involving local hospitals and utilizing consistently validated methods in evaluating forensic evidence collection. A national assessment of emergency staff level of practice in the management of forensic evidence was performed.Most emergency staff had a good level of practice in the management of forensic evidence.More training and education are needed for emergency staff in the field of forensics.National evidence-based guidelines for managing forensic evidence in the emergency setting should be established.

Introduction Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. There is still debate about the pathophysiology of IBS. Symptoms of IBS include abdominal pain and alternating bowel movements, but the severity differs among the patients, which affects their quality of life. Our main aim in this study is to find the impact of work hours on the quality of life of adult employees with irritable bowel syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered survey including employees over 18 years old in Saudi Arabia. The survey was designed in three different parts. The first part is demographics and personal information, The second concentrates on IBS using the Rome-IV criteria while the third part reviewed the participant's quality of life by utilizing the quality-of-life scale (QOLS). Results The total number of participants was 1800; most of the population were females (954; 53%) and there were 846 (47%) males. The study showed that 27.11% were diagnosed with IBS. Furthermore, the result revealed significant differences between working hours, with employees who work more than nine hours (33.7%) being more affected by IBS than others. Nevertheless, significant independent risk factors for IBS were QOLS (OR = 0.988; 95% CI (0.981, 0.995), p = .001), being an employee in free business (OR = 1.755; 95% CI (1.134, 2.714) p = .012), working between 6 and 9 hours (OR = 0.623; 95% CI (0.404, 0.961), p = .032). Conclusion The impact of work hours on adult employees with IBS in Saudi Arabia has been noticed; the results showed that the prevalence of IBS among females is higher; employees working more than nine hours with a medium to sedentary work nature are more vulnerable to developing IBS. We suggest that IBS patients should address their needs to their employers.

In this research paper, explored the newly exact soliton solutions of the nonlinear fractional Kairat-II equation under extended simple equation method. The set of Kairat-II equations recently introduced, which have important applications in the area of physics and engineering. The fractional Kairat-II equation is an integrable equation and it is used to explain the differential geometry of curves and equivalence aspects. In this study, varieties of exact soliton solutions explored by apply the extension form of simple equation method on base of computational simulation. The extracted soliton solutions to the nonlinear fractional Kairat-II equation having interested physical structure in periodic optical solitons, bright solitons, kink solitons, anti-kink solitons, traveling waves, dark solitons, mixed solitons, peakon solitons and solitary waves. The physical structure of extracted soliton solutions visualized in 2-dim, 3-dim and contour graphically with the help of numerical simulation under computational software Mathematica. The investigation show that the proposed approach is more effective, powerful, concise and efficient for the other nonlinear partial and fractional differential equations.

Nonlinear Schrödinger model is one of the important fundamental nonlinear physical model to describing the fluctuations development of optical solitons and play a important role in the demonstration of dynamical fiber optics. Therefore, in nonlinear dispersive media the propagation of waves are the area of considerable interest due to its large range of possibilities to the ultrafast light pulses and data processing in communication systems. In this research, we investigated the one of the important class of nonlinear Schrödinger equation named modified unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation (mUNLSE), which describe time periods disturbances in slightly stable and unstable medium, and also manage the instabilities of train form modulated waves. The mUNLSE is a valuable model for understanding wave behavior in fiber optics, aiding engineers in optimizing optical fiber design and predicting various conditions. We explored the collection of optical solitons and solitary wave structures to examine the dynamical properties of the governing model on the base of powerful unified approach. The explored optical solitons demonstrated in 2D, 3D, and contour plots under the aid of computing software Mathematica and may helpful for studying the waves phenomena in nonlinear optics, solitons wave theory, optical fiber, fluid dynamics, communication system, signal transmission, computer networking, sound and heat processing system. Also, the present work provide understanding into the fundamental properties of optical solitons solutions in mUNLSE, and also its experimental consequences in the physically system. On the base of this study, the proposed approach can be utilized to study the other real and complex nonlinear evolution equations.

In this research work, we explored the unexpected optical soliton and solitary wave to the nonlinear (2+1)-dimensional Zakharov–Kuzetsov equation by utilizing the auxiliary equation method. The explored optical soliton and solitary wave solutions obtained in variety of soliton including bright solitons, anti-kink wave solitons, periodic optical solitons, kink wave solitons, dark solitons, anti-kink dark solitons, combined solitons, crest-turf form solitons, peakon solitons and periodic solitary waves. The physical structure of extracted optical solitons visualized in three-dim, two-dim and contour plotting by utilizing the numerical simulations with computational software Mathematica. The secured optical solitons will be play important role in the investigation of nonlinear (2+1)-dim Zakharov–Kuzetsov equation and will be develop interest in the researchers for further investigation on this nonlinear model. The physical structure of explored soliton results show that, these solitons will be play important role in the areas of sciences and engineering such as nonlinear optics, transmission system, communication system, nonlinear dynamics, soliton wave theory and ocean engineering. The successful investigation is the witness that the proposed approach is effective, efficient and powerful for the exploration of solitary waves special verities of optical solitons to the various kinds of nonlinear evolution equations.

In this research work, we utilized the auxiliary equation technique and extracted the optical soliton solutions to the nonlinear longitudinal wave equation (NLLWE) in magneto electro elastic (MEE) rod that was spread out in a circle. The NLLWE in MEE systems deals with the mathematical physics of transverse Poisson’s effect dispersal and also very important in many engineering fields like sensors and actuators. As a result, we extracted the exact soliton solutions in bright solitons, dark solitons, kink wave solitons, anti-kink wave solitons, combined bright-dark solitons, solitary waves and periodic singular solitons. The physical structure of some extracted solutions visualizing in contour, two, and three dimensions through numerical simulation. The explored soliton solutions are interested, more general and having different physical structure, which may will be helpful to study of physical phenomena in the fields of optical fibers, plasma physics, soliton wave theory, nonlinear optics, ocean engineering, nonlinear dynamics and different branches of applied sciences. The successful extraction of exact solitons shows that this utilized approach is effective, straightforward, concise and powerful can also applicable to other nonlinear partial differential equations that involve in mathematical physics, engineering and applied sciences.

The damped Korteweg-de Vries (D-KdV) equation is a significant extension of the Korteweg–de Vries equation, which plays an important role in understanding the complex dissipative wave system. This study explores the historical evolution and mathematical properties of the damped KdV equation. The auxiliary equation approach is utilized on nonlinear damped KdV equation to extract the newly exact solitary wave results. New solutions are extracted in bright solitons, kink wave solitons, mixed dark-bright solitons, anti-kink wave solitons, periodic solitons, dark solitons, and solitary wave structures. The physical behavior of secured solutions are visualizing in contour, 3-D, and 2-D plots based on numerical simulation with the computational software Mathematica. The proposed approach is employed, offering a powerful mathematical tool for analyzing the effects of damping on wave dynamics. Through this investigation, the study sheds light on the captivating interplay between physics and mathematics in the realm of wave phenomena. These newly constructed solutions are important in nonlinear acoustics, optical fiber, nonlinear optics, soliton wave theory, plasma physics, and ion acoustic wave phenomena. As a result, our proposed method is directed, concise, and practical for various kinds of nonlinear evolution equations.