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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine eating attitude in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the relationship between eating attitudes and anxiety and depression levels. METHODS: The sample comprised 40 patients (mean age: 14.02 ± 1.84 years), who met DSM-V criteria for OCD and age- and sex-matched 40 healthy controls (mean age: 14.15 ± 2.05 years). The assessment consisted of the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), Children's Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as kilograms per metre squared. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, and BMI (p > .05). Although the EAT score was higher in the patient group compared to the control group, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Of 40 children with OCD, 6 (15%) had a score above the EAT cut-off value of 30 suggesting a disordered eating attitude, whereas this rate was 0% in healthy controls. The anxiety and depression levels and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significantly higher in the OCD patient group than in the control group (p < .001). EAT scores had a significant positive correlation with the depression scores and MOCI checking, cleaning, doubting, and total subscales' scores in OCD patients. Depression levels and obsessive-compulsive symptoms except MOCI slowness and rumination subscales predicted higher scores of EAT according to the linear regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that depression levels and obsessive-compulsive symptoms including MOCI checking, cleaning, doubting, and total subscales were the predictors of eating attitude and behaviour in children and adolescents with OCD.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the depression levels, suicide thoughts and suicide attempts of sexually abused children and adolescents. Methods: Medical records of 218 sexually abused children and adolescents aged 8–17 years who were referred to the Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry for arranging judicial reports and/ or were admitted by their families for treatment were retrospectively investigated. In all cases, age, gender, education, intelligence level, type and frequency of abuse, affinity of the abuser with the victim, psychiatric diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) classification, depression levels, and suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts of the cases were evaluated. Depression levels of the cases were determined by Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Results: Of the cases, 79.4% (n=173) were female and 20.6% (n=45) were male. The mean age was 13.63±2.43 years. The psychiatric diagnosis rate was 81.2 %. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (40.4%) and depression (21.1%) were the two most common psychiatric diagnoses established after sexual abuse. In 99 of the cases (45.4%) CDI scale values were a score of 19 points and above, which is accepted to be significant for depression. Of the cases, 49.5% (n=108) chose the item of \"I do not think about killing myself\", 44.1% (n=96) chose the item of \"I think about killing myself but I would not do\", 6.4% (n=14) chose the item of \"I think about killing myself\" in the question, in which suicidal thought is assessed, during the evaluation of the cases. The suicide attempt after abuse was found to be in 15 (6.9%) cases. Female gender, a CDI score of 19 points and above, depression and PTSD, vaginal-anal penetration were found to be significantly increased in cases of suicide attempts compared with those without suicide attempts (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt were increased in child sexual abuse. In this children, it is thougt that the risks of suicide must be handled, interventions must be planned on this basis, great significance must be given to the long-term treatment and rehabilitation of the cases. It is believed that descriptive data and lifelong psychiatric symptoms of sexually abused children will help to authorities working in this area in planning prevention.

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition in childhood, associated not only with difficulties in attention and impulsivity but also with increased internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, and a marked reduction in quality of life. Although pharmacological treatments play a central role in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, there is a growing need for psychosocial interventions that target these emotional difficulties and quality of life outcomes while actively involving families. This study is novel in its evaluation of the effectiveness of a structured cognitive behavioral therapy based psychoeducational program involving both children and their parents in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms and improving quality of life in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Method A quasi-experimental controlled pretest–posttest design was employed. The intervention group comprised thirty-seven children aged eight to twelve years diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their parents, while the control group included thirty-six age- and gender-matched children with the same diagnosis and their parents. The intervention consisted of an eight-session cognitive behavioral therapy based psychoeducational program integrating emotional regulation, adaptive coping strategies, and parent-focused guidance. Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention using a sociodemographic information form, the Quality of Life Inventory, and the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results The intervention and control groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics. The mean age of children in the intervention group was 10.35 ± 1.40 years, while the mean age of children in the control group was 10.47 ± 1.28 years ( p  = 0.751). Regarding gender distribution, the intervention group consisted of 11 girls (29.7%) and 26 boys (70.3%), while the control group consisted of 18 girls (50.0%) and 18 boys (50.0%) ( p  = 0.077). Children participating in the cognitive behavioral therapy -based psycho-educational program showed a statistically significant improvement in quality of life and a significant decrease in anxiety and depressive symptoms between the pre-test and post-test. No significant changes were observed in the same outcome measures in the control group. Conclusion These findings provide robust evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy based psychoeducational interventions incorporating family participation are effective in improving psychological well-being and quality of life in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. From both psychiatric and nursing perspectives, such programs represent a valuable, non-pharmacological adjunct to standard care, supporting holistic and family-centered approaches in the multidisciplinary management of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinical trial registration This study was registered under Clinical Trial Number: NCT06624527 on September 25, 2023. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06624527?term=NCT06624527&rank=1 .

Fairy tales are generally a literary genre that conveys the narratives created by the society from cultural and social norms to the audience by decorating them with imaginary and extraordinary heroes. This study aims to determine whether fairy tales contribute to the development of language skills according to pre-service teachers, what are the pre-service teachers’ knowledge on the subject, and whether or not the course-related course will take place in university education. Study participants Pamukkale University, Turkish, Class and School Pre-Section 3 Class 30 teachers from candidates has been formed. Semi- structured, consisting of open -ended questions to participants Questions were asked in company with the interview form. Research the participating teacher candidates tale for explanations and statements qualitative data analysis of the kinds of content analysis based has been solved. Work at the end of Turkish, class and school before teacher candidates tale awareness compared to school before teacher candidates tale awareness more high it is detected while the tale of the kind of content that three of the branches of teacher candidates sufficient information with which they have been determined.

Through this study, we aim to investigate whether biomarkers like the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) might predict the postoperative first 24 hours analgesic requirement and pain scores of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  Material & Method: After receiving the local ethical board approval, records of 67 patients, aged between 18 and 75 years, with ASA classifications I-III who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were retrospectively evaluated to record postoperative analgesic requirements and numerical pain scale (NRS) scores. NLR, PLR, and SII scores were calculated from preoperative hemograms and compared with analgesic requirements and NRS scores. The data of 67 patients were evaluated. There was no correlation between postoperative tramadol use and NRS scores, PLR, or SII values (p>0.05). NRS scores and the cumulative 24-hour postoperative tramadol use were correlated (p=0.0001), as it was observed that patients with high NRS scores used higher amounts of tramadol. Additionally, a poor statistically significant correlation was found between PDW (Platelet distribution width) value and tramadol dose (AUC = 0.611). No significant association between NLR, PLR, SII, pain scores, and tramadol use was detected.

OBJECTIVE: Blood biomarkers for diseases have recently become a topic of great interest. Many studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been made to date looking for biomarkers in peripheral tissues, but no specific biomarker has yet been found. The aim of this study was to examine oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity and to determine both their sensitivity and specificity as biomarkers associated with oxidative stress in ASD. METHODS: This study measured the plasma MDA levels, SOD, and CAT activities in erythrocyte in 52 patients with ASD (aged 3-6 years) and in 48 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. ASD severity was rated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). RESULTS: MDA levels, SOD, and CAT activity were significantly higher in patients with ASD in comparison to the controls (p < .001). The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed a high diagnostic value for MDA, SOD, and CAT. Their areas under curve (AUC) were 0.937, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively (p < .001). A positive statistically significant correlation was determined between the total CARS score and MDA levels in ASD patients (r = 0.368, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: This study shows that oxidative stress is higher in children with ASD. Increased vulnerability to oxidative stress may contribute to the development of ASD. Given the high sensitivity and specificity results, it is thought that these selected oxidative stress parameters could be important as biomarkers for ASD. Future studies should focus on the sensitivity and specificity of oxidative stress biomarkers in larger ASD populations.

Introduction: The management of postoperative pain following lumbar disc herniation (LDH) surgery is crucial for the quality of recovery. The effectiveness of multimodal analgesia plans increases when interfascial plane blocks are included. This study sought to compare the analgesic efficacy of preoperative ultrasound-guided TLIP (thoracolumbar interfascial plane) blocks and posterior QLBs (quadratus lumborum blocks) in patients undergoing LDH surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing elective LDH surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into two groups: thoracolumbar interfascial plane block (Group T) and posterior quadratus lumborum block (Group Q). Block applications were performed 30 min before anesthesia induction. In the postoperative period, analgesia control was provided with a patient-controlled analgesia device. The patients’ 24 h cumulative opioid consumption was examined. Pain scores were evaluated in the 0th, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, and 24th hours. Results: The mean 24 h cumulative morphine consumption for patients was statistically insignificant when Groups T and Q were compared (9.14 ± 7.03 mg vs. 8.66 ± 6.58 mg, p = 0.788). Pain scores at rest and during movement as well as morphine consumption were similar between groups in the 0th, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, and 24th hours (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The study determined that the utilization of TLIP blocks and posterior QLBs prior to anesthesia induction yielded comparable outcomes in terms of reducing postoperative analgesic consumption and enhancing the efficacy of multimodal analgesia in individuals undergoing single-distance lumbosacral spine surgery under general anesthesia.

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare metabolic disorder resulting from deficiency of homogentisic acid (HGA) oxidase involved in the metabolism of tyrosine. Dark discolouration of urine, ochronosis at cartilage and connective tissues, arthritis at the third of fourth decade of life, cardiac valve deficits, renal stone disease, spontaneous tendon rupture, and liver involvement may be seen in alkaptonuria. It was reported that HGA oxidase gene was expressed in human cerebral tissue and neuronal cells in AKU with multi-systemic organ involvement. HGA accumulation has been implied and neurological problems and brain damage. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study or case report about psychiatric comorbidities in patients with AKU, although comorbid psychiatric disorders such as mental retardation, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), impulse control disorder or conduct disorder can be seen in some metabolic diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis, Wilson’s disease, or phenylketonuria. Here, we presented a paediatric AKU patient with comorbid ADHD, oppositional defiant/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), and borderline intellectual functioning who was successfully treated with extended-release methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) and risperidone. It was observed that these agents caused no worsening in AKU and that they were well-tolerated without adverse effects. However, there is a need for further studies investigating the safe use of OROS-MPH and risperidone in patients with AKU.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 80 children including 40 ADHD patients (aged 6-12 years; 28 males and 12 females) and 40 age-, sex-, and season of blood collection-matched controls (aged 6-12 years; 25 males and 15 females) were enrolled. Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels and calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were measured. The vitamin D receptor levels in the serum were measured using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels were found to be significantly lower in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels. No significant differences were found among the ADHD subtypes in terms of serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels. This study suggests that children with ADHD have lower levels of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to describe vitamin D receptor levels in ADHD.

Introduction: Various types of vagus nerve stimulation are employed in the treatment of a range of conditions, including depression, anxiety, epilepsy, headache, tinnitus, atrial fibrillation, schizophrenia, and musculoskeletal pain. The objective of this study was to apply vagal stimulation to the neck area using standardised cold, and then analyse the level of vascular access discomfort experienced by individuals who underwent venous cannulation from the dorsal side of the hand prior to anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 patients, aged 18–75, who were scheduled to undergo elective surgery, were categorised into three distinct groups: the Sham group (Group S), the Control group (Group K), and the Cold group (Group M), with each group consisting of 60 individuals. Bilateral cold application to the lateral side of the neck was performed prior to the commencement of vascular access in Group M patients, followed by the subsequent opening of vascular access. The alterations in heart rate among patients was assessed subsequent to the application of cold and following the establishment of vascular access. The participants were instructed to assess their level of vascular access pain on a numerical pain scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10. Results: A statistically significant difference (p = 0.035) was seen when comparing the pain ratings of patients during vascular access. The study revealed that the NRS values exhibited a statistically significant decrease in Group M compared to both Group K (p = 0.038) and Group S (p = 0.048). Group M had a higher prevalence of individuals experiencing mild pain compared to other groups, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.029). In Group M, the average heart rate following vagal stimulation exhibited a statistically significant decrease compared to the average heart rate observed at the beginning of the study (p < 0.05). Upon comparing the original heart rate measurements with the heart rate values following vascular access, it was observed that there was an elevation in heart rate for both Group S and Group K. Conversely, Group M exhibited a decrease in heart rate after vascular access when compared to the initial heart rate values. Conclusions: In the present investigation, it was discovered that the application of cold to the neck region resulted in a drop in heart rate among the patients, which persisted throughout the process of vascular access. Furthermore, the level of pain experienced by these individuals was reduced during vascular access procedures.